版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進行舉報或認領
文檔簡介
------------------------------------------------------------------------會計英語教材第一講會計英語的常用術語授課內(nèi)容和教學目標:
在第一個專題中向大家介紹會計領域中經(jīng)常用到的最基本的術語以及它們的應用,使學生在頭腦中建立起一個框架并對會計專業(yè)英語有一個直觀的了解。這些內(nèi)容將構(gòu)成以后幾個專題學習的基礎。
1.accountingn.會計;會計學
accountn..賬,賬目a/c;賬戶
e.g.T-account:T型賬戶;accountpayable應付賬款receivable應收賬款);
accountantn.會計人員,會計師CPA(certifiedpublicaccountant)注冊會計師
2.Accountingconcepts會計的基本前提
1)accountingentity會計主體;entity實體,主體
2)goingconcern持續(xù)經(jīng)營
3)accountingperiod會計分期
financialyear/fiscalyear會計年度(financialadj.財務的,金融的;fiscaladj.財政的)
4)moneymeasurement貨幣計量
人民幣RMB¥美元US$英鎊£法國法郎FFr
*權(quán)責發(fā)生制accrualbasis.
accrualn.本身是應計未付的意思,
accruev.應計未付,應計未收,
e.g.accruedliabilities,應計未付負債
3.Qualityofaccountinginformation會計信息質(zhì)量要求
(1)可靠性reliability
(2)相關性relevance
(3)可理解性understandability
(4)可比性comparability
(5)實質(zhì)重于形式substanceoverform
(6)重要性materiality
(7)謹慎性prudence
(8)及時性timeliness
4.Elementsofaccounting會計要素
1)Assets:資產(chǎn)
–currentassets流動資產(chǎn)
cashandcashequivalents現(xiàn)金及現(xiàn)金等價物(bankdeposit)
inventory存貨receivable應收賬款prepaidexpense預付費用
–non-currentassets固定資產(chǎn)
property(landandbuilding)不動產(chǎn),plant廠房,equipment設備(PPE)
e.g.ThetotalassetsownedbyWilsoncompanyonDecember31,2006wasUS$1,500,000.
2)Liabilities:負債
fundsprovidedbythecreditors.creditor債權(quán)人,賒銷方
–currentliabilities當期負債
non-currentliabilities長期負債
totalliabilities
accountpayable應付賬款loan貸款advancefromcustomers預收款
bond債券(由政府發(fā)行,governmentbond/treasurybond政府債券,國庫券)
debenture債券(由有限公司發(fā)行)
3)Owners’equity:所有者權(quán)益(Netassets)
fundsprovidedbytheinvestors.Investor投資者
–paidincapital(contributedcapital)實收資本
–shares/capitalstock(u.s.)股票
retainedearnings留存收益
同時記住幾個單詞dividend分紅
beginningretainedearningsendingretainedearnings
–reserve儲備金(資產(chǎn)重估儲備金,股票溢價賬戶)
e.g.Thecompanyoffered/issued10,000sharesatthepriceofUS$2.30each.
4)Revenue:收入
salesrevenue銷售收入interestrevenue利息收入rentrevenue租金收入
5)Expense:費用
costofsales銷售成本,wagesexpense工資費用
6)Profit(income,gain):利潤netprofit,netincome
5.Financialstatement財務報表
1)balancesheet資產(chǎn)負債表
2)incomestatement利潤表
3)statementofretainedearnings所有者權(quán)益變動表
4)cashflowstatement現(xiàn)金流量表
6.Accountingcycle
1)journalentries日記賬generaljournal總?cè)沼涃~
generalledger總分類賬trialbalance試算平衡表
adjustingentries調(diào)整分錄adjustedtrialbalance調(diào)整后的試算平衡表
Financialstatements財務報表closingentry完結(jié)分錄
2)Dr.—Debit借Cr.—Credit貸
Double-entrysystem復式記賬
7.Exercise練習
1)purchasesofinventoryincashforRMB¥3,000現(xiàn)金人民幣3,000元購買存貨
Dr.inventory3,000借:存貨3,000
Cr.cash3,000貸:現(xiàn)金3,000
2)salesonaccountofUS$10,000賒銷方式銷售,收入10,000美元
Dr.accountreceivable10,000借:應收賬款10,000
Cr.salesrevenue10,000貸:銷售收入10,000
3)paidRMB¥50,000insalaries&wages支付工資人民幣50,000元
Dr.wages&salariesexpense50,000借:職工薪酬50,000
Cr.bankdeposit50,000貸:銀行存款50,000
4)cashsaleofUS$1,180銷售收入現(xiàn)金1,180美元
Dr.cash1,180借:現(xiàn)金1,180
Cr.salesrevenue1,180貸:銷售收入1,180
5)pre-paidinsuranceforUS$12,000預付保險費12,000美元
Dr.prepaidinsurance12,000借:預付保險12,000
Cr.bankdeposit12,000貸:銀行存款12,000第二講存貨授課內(nèi)容和教學目標:
本專題主要講授與存貨有關的英文術語,如期初和期末的存貨的表達方式,以及不同的企業(yè)中的各種存貨形式。其次,通過該專題的學習,使學生掌握對有關存貨在買入時和賣出時的價值計量這一類英文題目的理解和解答,及與期末存貨有關的會計處理方式的英文會計分錄。
1.Inventoryn.存貨,庫存(c.f.stock英式英語用法)
常見詞組inventoryturnover存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率inventorycontrol存貨控制
beginninginventory初始存貨endinginventory期末存貨
takeaphysicalinventory盤庫
常見的存貨形式:TypeofbusinessTypeofinventoryMerchandisingcompanyMerchandiseinventory商品存貨ManufacturingcompanyRawmaterials原材料Workinprocess(WIP)(處在生產(chǎn)過程中的)在制品,半成品Finishedgoods成品2.Inventoryvaluation存貨的價值計量
costn.成本,費用
directcosts直接成本indirectcosts間接成本fixedcosts固定成本costaccounting成本會計
v.花費
e.g.Theofficefurnitureofourcompanycostsus$5,000.
unitcost單個成本totalcost總成本costofsales(COS)=costofgoodssold(CGS)銷貨成本
salesrevenue銷售收入這兩個詞經(jīng)常被放在一起做計算Lectureexamples:
①Acompanysold15computersforUS$1000each.
某公司以1000美元一臺的價格售出電腦共15臺。
Salesrevenue:US$1,000×15=US$15,000
[答疑編號811020101]
②Acompanysold15computerscostingUS$800eachfortotalUS$15,000.
某公司銷售出電腦15臺,每臺成本為800美元,共收入15,000美元。
costofsales:US$800×15=US$12,000
Dr.bankdeposit15,000借:銀行存款15,000
Cr.salesrevenue15,000貸:主營業(yè)務收入15,000
Dr.costofsales12,000借:主營業(yè)務成本12,000
Cr.inventory--computer12,000貸:庫存商品—電腦12,000
[答疑編號811020102]
3.初始成本計量
Theinventoryshouldbemeasuredatcost.Costincludesthefollowing:
采購成本purchase(price)運費freight存儲storingcost
保險費insurance稅費tax裝卸費loadingandunloadingcost
e.g.DuringJuly,2007,thecompanypurchased200setsofsunshinebrandprintersatthepriceRMB¥410each.RMB¥300offreightwerealsopaid.
Dr.printer82,300
Cr.bankdeposit82,300
借:固定資產(chǎn)—打印機82300
貸:銀行存款82300
4.發(fā)出存貨的成本計量
Specificidentification個別計價法
unitcost×no.ofunit=totalcost
Weightedaverage加權(quán)平均法
unitUnitcost($)Totalcost($)UnitsoldBeginninginventory,May150010.005,000any1000unitsamong1800Purchase,May780010.508,400Purchase,May2030011.003,300Purchase,May2620011.202,240Goodsavailableforsale180018,940÷1800≈10.52②18,940①Costofgoodssold100010.5210.52×1,000=10,520Endinginventory,May30800
18,940-10,520=8,420[答疑編號811020103]
Movingaverage移動平均法
First-in,First-out(FIFO)先進先出法
unitUnitcost($)Totalcost($)UnitsoldBeginninginventory,May150010.005,000500Purchase,May780010.508,400800Purchase,May2030011.003,300200outof300Purchase,May2620011.202,240
Goodsavailableforsale1800
18,940First1500unitsCostofgoodssold1500
(500×$10.00)+(800×$10.50)+(200×$11.00)=15,600Endinginventory,May30300
18,940-15,600=3,340[答疑編號811020104]
5.期末存貨的計量endinginventory
Lowerofcostormarketrule(LCMrule)成本與市場孰低法
Cost成本marketvalue(fairvalue)公允價值carryingvalue賬面成本
netrealizablevalue可變現(xiàn)凈值=estimatedsaleprice估計售價-relatedcostsandtax估計銷售費用和稅金
*contractprice合同價格salesprice銷售價格
存貨跌價準備的計提
Dr.managementcost—Dr.managementcost-lossonmarketpricedeclineofinventories資產(chǎn)減值損失
Cr.reserveformarketpricedeclineofinventories存貨跌價準備
Lectureexample:
IftheoriginalcostoftheinventoryheldbyABCcompanywasUS$2,000,anditsestimatedtotalsalepricewouldbe$2,100andotherexpenseforthesaleswouldbe$200.
Thenetrealizablevalueforthoseinventory:US$1,900=$2,100-$200
Dr.managementcost-lossonmarketpricedeclineofinventories100
Cr.reserveformarketpricedeclineofinventories100
[答疑編號811020105]
Lectureexamples:
Atthebeginningoftheyear,Lindacompanyheld1500desklampscostingRMB¥50.00each.Duringtheyearitpurchasedanadditional500lampsforRMB¥55.00each.Thecompanysold1800units.
YouarerequiredtocomputethecostofgoodssoldandendinginventoryandmakethenecessaryjournalentryforthebusinessassumingFIFOmethodareuse.
Bytheendoftheyear,itwasreportedthatthemarketpriceofthistypeoflamphasdeclinedtoRMB¥52.00each.YouarealsorequiredtopreparethenecessaryjournalentryonDecember31forthecompany.
[答疑編號811020106]
①inventorypurchase
Dr:inventory27500
Cr:bankdeposit27500(500*55)
②inventorysales(FIFOmethodwillbeusedtocalculatetheCGS)
costofgoodssold(CGS)=1500*50+300*55=91500
endinginventory=1500*50+500*55-91500=11000
Dr:bankdeposit***
Cr.salesrevenue***
Dr:costofsales91500
Cr.inventory--desklamp91500
③reserveformarketpricedeclineofinventories
netrealizablevalue=200*52=10400
Dr:managementcost-lossonmarketpricedeclineofinventorie600(11000-10400)
Cr.reserveformarketpricedeclineofinventories600
第三講固定資產(chǎn)授課內(nèi)容和教學目標:
該專題內(nèi)容主要介紹常用的與固定資產(chǎn)有關的英文詞匯、短語和經(jīng)濟業(yè)務描述。通過本章的教學使學生理解關于固定資產(chǎn)價值的計量、折舊等英文題目的理解,并進行常見的計算和會計處理。
1.Non-currentassets
current:adj.流通的;當前的currentassets流動資產(chǎn)currentliabilities短期負債
non-current:加否定前綴non-currentassets固定資產(chǎn)non-currentliabilities長期負債
e.g.Assetsareusuallydividedintocurrentassetsandnon-currentassetsonthebalancesheet.
2.常見的固定資產(chǎn)
building建筑物plant廠房machinery機械
equipment設備vehicles車輛fixture固定設施
3.固定資產(chǎn)的初始計量
Acquisitioncost購置成本
acquirev.獲得,取得acquisitionn.
e.g.Ourcompanyacquiredafamouslocalhotelfor$105,000inOctober.
Acquisitioncostincludessomeothernecessarycosts.
purchaseprice買價transportationcost運費
installationcost安裝費用tax稅金等
*historicalcost:原始成本
Lectureexample
e.g.ABCcompanypurchasedapieceofequipmentwithalistprice(價目表價格)ofRMB¥60,000onJanuary1,2008.Thefollowingcostwasrelatedtotheequipmentpurchase:
frightcostof¥1,000wereincurred;apollution-controldevicewascompulsivelyrequired
tobeinstalledatacostof¥2,500;loadingandunloadingfeeof¥800.pleasecalculatethe
acquisitioncostoftheequipment.
[答疑編號811030101]
Listprice¥60,000
freightcosts1,000
pollution-control2,500
loadingandunloadingfee800
totalAcquisitionCost¥64,300
fairvalue公允價值marketvalue市場價值
Lectureexample
Edisoncompanyownsachainofrestaurants.OnJanuary1,2008,thecompanyacquiredarestaurantfromitscompetitorfor$40,000.Thefairvalueoftheassetswasassessedasfollowing:thebuildinghadamarketvalueof$35,000,theequipmentshadthefairvalueof$10,000andthefixturesof$5,000.
Q:what’stheacquisitioncostofeachasset?Prepareajournalentrytorecordtheacquisition.
[答疑編號811030102]
Totalacquisitioncost:$40,000
Totalfairvalueoftheacquiredassets:$35,000+$10,000+$5,000=$50,000
MarketValueAcquisitionCost
building35,00028,000=40,000×(35,000÷50,000)
equipment10,0008,000=40,000×(10,000÷50,000)
fixture5,0004,000=40,000×(5,000÷50,000)
50,00040,000
Dr.building28,000
Dr.equipment8,000
Dr.fixture4,000
Cr.bankdeposit40,000
借:固定資產(chǎn)――建筑物28,000
――設備8,000
――固定設施4,000
貸:銀行存款40,000
4.Depreciation折舊
depreciationn.折舊,損耗(有些資產(chǎn))amortization攤銷(無形資產(chǎn))
accumulateddepreciation累積折舊depreciationexpense折舊費用
depreciatev.
depreciableadj.
·depreciationbase折舊基數(shù)—historicalcostofassets
*bookvalue/carryingvalue賬目價值(=historicalcost–accumulateddepreciation)
·estimatedresidualvalue/estimatedsalvagevalue預計凈殘值
estimatedadj.預計的,估計的→estimatev.估計,判斷,估價
residualadj.殘留的,剩余的
salvagen.海上救助,海上打撈,從災難中搶救出的財物,殘留物,殘余物
*depreciableamount=depreciationbase—estimatedresidualvalue
·estimatedusefullife預計使用年限(No.ofyears)/(No.ofproductionunits)
usefullife使用壽命,使用年限
·固定資產(chǎn)已提的減值準備
·methods:
a.straight-linemethod直線折舊法,平均年限法
b.unitsofproductionmethod工作量法
Accelerateddepreciation加速折舊法:
c.double-decliningbalancemethod雙倍余額遞減法
d.sum-of-the-years'digitsmethod年數(shù)總和法
journalentry與折舊有關的會計分錄
Dr.depreciationexpense折舊費用
Cr.accumulateddepreciation累計折舊
Lectureexamples:
1)Straight-linedepreciation
depreciableamount可折舊金額=depreciationexpenseofeachyear(年折舊額)
estimatedusefullife(year)尚可使用年限
LeocompanypurchasedalaundryequipmentonSept.1,2007,for$60,000.Theequipmenthasanestimatedusefullifeof5yearsandanestimatedresidualvalueof$6,000.Thecompanyiscomparingtheuseofthestraight-linemethodandtheunits-of-productionmethodtodepreciatetheasset.Theequipmentwillbeusedtoproduce10,000unitsinthefirsttwoyearsand20,000unitsinthefollowingthreeyears..
Pleasecalculatethedepreciationexpense,theaccumulateddepreciation,andthebookvalueoftheequipmentunderbothmethodsforeachofthefiveyearsoftheasset’slife.
[答疑編號811030103]
*$60,000cost;5yearlife;$6,000residualvalue
Depreciationexpenseofeachyearin5years:($60,000-$6,000)÷5=$10,800Year12345Depreciationexpense10,80010,80010,80010,80010,800Historicalcost60,00060,00060,00060,00060,000Accumulateddepreciation10,80021,60032,40043,20054,000Bookvalue49,20038,40027,60016,8006,0002)Unitsofproduction
depreciableamount=depreciationexpense/unit(每單位產(chǎn)品的折舊額)
unitsproduction生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量
Depreciationexpenseofeachunitin5years:($60,000﹣$6,000)÷80,000=$0.675
Depreciationexpenseofeachyear=depreciationexpenseofeachunit×No.ofunitsproducedinthatyear
[答疑編號811030104]Year12345Depreciationexpense6,7506,75013,50013,50013,500Historicalcost60,00060,00060,00060,00060,000Accumulateddepreciation6,75013,50027,00040,50054,000Bookvalue53,25046,50033,00019,5006,0003)Double-decliningbalance
bookvalueatstartofperiod期初賬面價值×doublestraight-linerate雙倍折舊率=depreciationexpenseforthatperiod當期折舊費用
*bookvalue(carryingvalue)賬面價值=costofasset資產(chǎn)的成本-accumulateddepreciation累計折舊
straight-linerate平均年限法折舊率=1÷no.ofyears(estimatedusefullife)折舊年限
doublestraight-linerate雙倍余額法折舊率=2×straight-linerate平均年限法折舊率
4)Sum-of-the-years'digits年數(shù)總和法
depreciableamount′yearsleftatbeg.ofperiod期初剩余使用年限
sumoftheyears'digits年數(shù)數(shù)位的總和
本章小節(jié):
在固定資產(chǎn)這一章當中,主要介紹了固定資產(chǎn)折舊的情況,除此之外,固定資產(chǎn)還會涉及到固定資產(chǎn)的處置,比如固定資產(chǎn)的損毀、固定資產(chǎn)的出售以及固定資產(chǎn)抵債的一些相關的內(nèi)容。第四講常用會計科目的英文名稱1.資產(chǎn)類科目Assets
現(xiàn)金:Cashandcashequivalents
銀行存款:Bankdeposit
應收賬款:Accountreceivable
應收票據(jù):Notesreceivable
應收股利:Dividendreceivable
應收利息:Interestreceivable
其他應收款:Otherreceivables原材料:Rawmaterials
在途物資:Materialsintransport
庫存商品:inventory
存貨跌價準備:provisionforthedeclineinvalueofinventories
壞賬準備:Baddebtprovision
待攤費用:Prepaidexpense交易性金融資產(chǎn):Tradingfinancialassets
持有至到期投資:held-to-maturityinvestment
可供出售金融資產(chǎn):Available-for-salefinancialassets
短期投資:Short-terminvestment
長期股權(quán)投資:Long-termequityinvestment
固定資產(chǎn):Fixedassets
累計折舊:Accumulateddepreciation
在建工程:Construction-in-process
固定資產(chǎn)減值準備:provisionforthedeclineinvalueoffixedassets
無形資產(chǎn):Intangibleassets
累計攤銷:Accumulatedamortization
商譽:Goodwill
遞延所得稅資產(chǎn):deferredtaxassets(DTA)2.負債類Liability
短期借款:Short-termloans/borrowing
長期借款:Long-termloans/borrowing
預收賬款:advancefromcustomers/Depositreceived
應付票據(jù):Notespayable
應付賬款:Accountpayable
應付工資薪酬:wagespayable
應付股利:Dividendspayable
應付利息:Interestpayable
應交稅費:Taxpayable
其他應付款:Otherpayables
遞延所得稅負債:Deferredtaxliabilities
3.所有者權(quán)益類OWNERS'EQUITY
實收資本:Paid-incapital(paid-up)
資本公積:Capitalreserves
盈余公積:Surplusreserves
未確認投資損失:Unrealizedinvestmentlosses
未分配利潤:Retainedearningsafterappropriation
4.成本類科目Cost
生產(chǎn)成本:ManufacturingCost
制造費用:Manufacturingoverhead
勞務成本:laborcosts
研發(fā)支出:R&Dexpenditure
5.損益類Profitandloss
主營業(yè)務收入:Mainoperatingrevenue
其他業(yè)務收入:Otheroperatingrevenue
營業(yè)外收入:Non-operatingincome
投資收益:Investmentincome
產(chǎn)品銷售收入:salesrevenue
主營業(yè)務成本:Mainoperatingcosts
costofgoodssold/costofsales
其他業(yè)務支出:Otheroperatingcosts
營業(yè)外支出:Non-operatingexpense
銷售費用:Sellingexpense
管理費用:Generalandadministrationexpense(G&Aexpense)
財務費用:Financeexpense
公允價值變動損益:Gain/lossofthechangeoffairvalue
所得稅:Incometax第五講無形資產(chǎn)授課內(nèi)容:本節(jié)內(nèi)容主要介紹與無形資產(chǎn)有關的英文術語和常用表達。內(nèi)容側(cè)重于講解無形資產(chǎn)的基本特征以及與無形資產(chǎn)的初始計量、后續(xù)計量和處置有關的計算和會計處理方法。
1.Intangibleassets無形資產(chǎn)企業(yè)擁有或控制的沒有實物形態(tài)的可辨認非貨幣資產(chǎn)。
Identifiablenon-monetaryassetswithoutphysicalsubstance,ownedorcontrolledbytheentity.
強調(diào)兩點:
identifiability:可辨認性
(without)physicalsubstance:物質(zhì)形態(tài)
(1)(without)physicalsubstance:(不具有)物質(zhì)形態(tài)
intangibleadj.觸摸不到的、無形c.f.tangibleassets有形資產(chǎn)
有時候英文中也用intangibles表示無形資產(chǎn)。
(2)identifiability:可辨認性
intangibleassets:identifiable
*goodwill商譽:unidentifiableseparately(不可辨認)3.Typeofintangibleassets無形資產(chǎn)的具體形式
trademark商標權(quán)
patent專利權(quán)
brandname品牌
intellectualproperty(IP)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)
copyright著作權(quán)
franchise特許權(quán)
license執(zhí)照,許可證
computersoftware計算機軟件
researchanddevelopment(R&D)研究開發(fā)
4.Initialrecognitionofintangibleassets無形資產(chǎn)的初始計量:
·purchasedintangibleassets:外購無形資產(chǎn)
purchasev.買,購買
·internallygeneratedintangibleassets:自創(chuàng)的無形資產(chǎn)
internally—internaladj.內(nèi)部的
generated:adj.形成的,被創(chuàng)造的
Lectureexample1:
CompanyApurchasedapatentforthedesignofaTVseton3Januaryatacostof¥20,000.Thispatent(basedonitstechnology)isestimated(估計)tohaveausefullifeof5years.
*從題目中提煉出重要的信息Patent:cost—¥20,000;usefullife—5yearsDrIntangibleassets—patent20,000
CrBankdeposit20,000
借:無形資產(chǎn)—專利權(quán)20,000
貸:銀行存款20,000
Lectureexample2:
CompanyAalsohasaninternallygenerated(自創(chuàng)的)brandnamewithanestimatedfairvalueof¥500,000.
注意:自創(chuàng)的品牌不作為企業(yè)的無形資產(chǎn)核算。
5.Measurementafterrecognition無形資產(chǎn)的后續(xù)計量
在有關無形資產(chǎn)的題目中,可能還會涉及到用英文處理無形資產(chǎn)的后續(xù)計量。無形資產(chǎn)的后續(xù)計量主要是牽扯到資產(chǎn)的使用壽命(usefullife)、攤銷、減值測試等問題。這就需要我們明白下面一組單詞的含義,以便更好的判斷是否對無形資產(chǎn)進行攤銷或減值測試。
·amortizationn.攤銷amortize(amortise)v.攤銷c.f.depreciate折舊
e.g.Theintangibleassetistobeamortizedoverfiveyears.
·usefullife使用壽命
①intangibleswithfinite(有限的)usefullife使用壽命有限
—amortizedovertheusefullife在使用壽命內(nèi)進行攤銷
②intangibleswithindefiniteusefullife使用壽命不確定
—nottobeamortizedandbetestedforassetimpairment不攤銷而進行資產(chǎn)減值測試
c.f.indefinite不確定的infinite無限的definite確定的
Lectureexample3
CompanyApurchasedapatentforthedesignofakindofTVseton3Januaryatacostof¥20,000.Thispatent(basedonitstechnology)isestimatedtohaveausefullifeof5years.
A公司于1月3日以人民幣2Drmanagementexpense—Amortizationexpense¥4,000
CrAccumulatedamortization—patent¥4,000
Lectureexample4
CompanyApurchasedaregistertrademark(注冊商標)for¥300,000.Thetrademarkcanberenewed(更新)indefinitelysubjecttocontinueduse.
初始計量:DrIntangibleassets—trademark¥300,000
CrBankdeposit¥300,000
后續(xù)計量:impairmenttestforeachaccountingperiod(每一會計期間進行減值測試)
6.thedisposalofintangibleassets無形資產(chǎn)的處置
·Whentheintangibleassetsaresaled當無形資產(chǎn)被售出時
借:銀行存款
無形資產(chǎn)減值準備
累計攤銷
營業(yè)外支出——處置非流動資產(chǎn)損失(出售實現(xiàn)損失時)
貸:無形資產(chǎn)
營業(yè)外收入——處置非流動資產(chǎn)利得收益(出售實現(xiàn)收益時)
Dr.Bankdeposit
Provisionforthedeclineinvalueofintangibleassets
Accumulatedamortization
Non-operatingexpense—lossondisposalofnon-currentassets(whenlossoccurs)
Cr.Intangibleassets
Non-operatingrevenue—gainondisposalofnon-currentassets(whengainoccurs)
·當無形資產(chǎn)預期不能為企業(yè)帶來經(jīng)濟利益時,應當將該無形資產(chǎn)的賬面價值予以轉(zhuǎn)銷,其賬面價值當作當期損益。
借:營業(yè)外支出
累計攤銷
無形資產(chǎn)減值準備
貸:無形資產(chǎn)
Dr.non-operatingexpense
Accumulatedamortization
Provisionforthedeclineinvalueofintangibleassets
Cr.Intangibleassets第六講資產(chǎn)減值AssetsImpairment教學內(nèi)容:
在本章的教學中主要向?qū)W生介紹資產(chǎn)的英文定義,資產(chǎn)的會計處理。主要包括資產(chǎn)的計量方法中使用的英文術語,資產(chǎn)的后續(xù)計量中涉及到資產(chǎn)減值的內(nèi)容。通過課堂例題的練習使大家掌握資產(chǎn)減值題目的解答方法。
1.Definitionofasset:
Anassetisaresourceownedorcontrolledbytheentityasaresultofpasteventsandfromwhichfutureeconomicbenefitsareexpectedtoflowtotheentity。
ownedorcontrolledbytheentity由企業(yè)擁有或者控制
asaresultofpastevents由過去的交易或者事項形成
fromwhichfutureeconomicbenefitsareexpectedtoflowtotheentity預期會給企業(yè)帶來經(jīng)濟利益
此外,滿足資產(chǎn)定義還有以下兩個條件:
probable很可能的
measurable可以計量的
2.AssetMeasurement資產(chǎn)的計量
measurev.計量,度量
measurableadj.可計量的
Historicalcost歷史成本、原始成本
e.g.Traditionally,acompany’sassetswerevaluedattheirhistoricalcosts.Withinflation,suchassetswereusuallyundervalued.
replacementcost重置成本
e.g.Withreplacementcostaccounting,assetsarevaluedattheamountitwouldcosttoreplacethem.在重置成本會計方法下,資產(chǎn)通常是以替換現(xiàn)存資產(chǎn)的所需的成本來計量的。
netrealizablevalue可變現(xiàn)凈值
e.g.Atthereportingdate,acompany’sinventoryshouldbevaluedatthelowerofcostorthenetrealizablevalue.在資產(chǎn)負債表日,公司期末存貨應按照成本或可變現(xiàn)凈值孰低計量。
presentvalue現(xiàn)值
e.g.Theleasedassetsareusuallyvaluedatthepresentvalueoffuturecashflowsgeneratedfromtheassets.租賃資產(chǎn)通常是以來自于該資產(chǎn)的未來現(xiàn)金流的現(xiàn)值來計量的。
Fairvalue公允價值
e.g.Realestateinvestmentmeasuredwiththefairvaluemodelshouldbeadjustedtothefairvalue.在公允價值模式下計量的投資性房地產(chǎn),應該被被調(diào)整到以公允價值進行計量。
Recoverableamount可回收金額
(thehigherofthefairvaluelesscoststosellandthepresentvalueofexpectedfuturecashflow)
e.g.Whenanassetisindicatedtobeimpaired,itscarryingvaluedshouldbereducedtotherecoverableamount.當有跡象表明資產(chǎn)減值時,資產(chǎn)的賬面金額應該降至可回收金額。
sellingprice銷售價格
contractprice合同價格
carryingvaluebookvalue賬面價值
3.AccountingforAssets資產(chǎn)的會計處理
Initialrecognition:初始計量—accountforassetsatcost以成本記入
cost=theamountpaid(consideration)+anyincidentalcosts
considerationn.對價、付款
anyincidentalcosts雜費(運輸費、保險費、會計費用)
初始計量的分錄(以孤獨資產(chǎn)為例):
Dr:fixedassets
Cr:bankdeposit
Depreciation折舊
Dr:depreciationexpense折舊費用
Cr:Accumulateddepreciation累計折舊
Introductiontoassetimpairment資產(chǎn)減值
impairv.削弱,損壞impairbyuse因為使用而損壞
e.g.Technicalrenovationindicatesthattheassetownedbyourcompanyisimpairedimpairmentn.損害,減少,惡化
e.g.assetimpairment資產(chǎn)減值impairmenttest減值測試
資產(chǎn)減值適用以下資產(chǎn):
Realestateinvestmentvaluedundercostmodel成本計量模式的投資性房地產(chǎn);
Longtermequityinvestment長期股權(quán)投資;
Fixedassets固定資產(chǎn);
Biologicalassets生產(chǎn)性生物資產(chǎn);
ExtractiveIndustries采掘行業(yè)的油氣資源;
Intangibleassets無形資產(chǎn);
Goodwill商譽
4.Howtodoimpairmenttest?如何做資產(chǎn)減值測試
資產(chǎn)減值的跡象Indicatorsofassetimpairment
Isthereanyindicationthatanassetisimpaired?
①significantdeclineinmarketvalue資產(chǎn)的市價大幅度下跌;
②significantchangesinthetechnological,market,economicorlegalenvironment;企業(yè)經(jīng)營所處的經(jīng)濟、技術或者法律等環(huán)境的重大變化
③physicaldamageorevidenceofobsolescence資產(chǎn)實體已損壞或資產(chǎn)陳舊過時;
④evidencefrominternalreportingtheassetisperformingworsethanexpected企業(yè)內(nèi)部報告的證據(jù)表明資產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟績效已經(jīng)低于或?qū)⒌陀陬A期。
如果發(fā)生資產(chǎn)減值跡象,我們應該估計可回收金額。
Recoverableamount:thehigheroftheasset’sfairvaluelesscoststosell(資產(chǎn)的公允價值減去處置費用后的凈額)oritspresentvalueofexpectedfuturecashflow(資產(chǎn)預計未來現(xiàn)金流量的現(xiàn)值)
Timevalueofmoney貨幣的時間價值
Thecarryingamountofanassetshouldbereducedtoitsrecoverableamount.
資產(chǎn)減值分錄:
Dr:Impairmentloss
Cr:provisionfortheimpairmentofasset/provisionforthedeclineinvalueofasset
借:資產(chǎn)減值損失
貸:資產(chǎn)減值準備
Lectureexample1:
①OnDec.31,2007,Lindacompanyfoundthattherewasindicatorshowingthattheassetwasimpairedandtestedanequipmentforimpairment.Thecarryingvalueoftheequipmentis¥10million.Ifthecompanysoldtheasset,itcouldgain¥9.2million.Thecosttosalewouldbe¥0.2million.Iftheequipmentiskeptinuse,thepresentvalueofexpectedcashflowgeneratedfromtheassetwouldbe¥8million.PleasecalculatetheamountshouldberecognizedastheprovisionforthedeclineinvalueofthefixedassetsonDec.31,2007.
林達公司于2007年12月31日發(fā)現(xiàn)其擁有的一臺機器設備存在減值跡象故進行減值測試。該設備目前的賬面價值為1000萬元。如果公司出售該資產(chǎn)將獲利920萬,發(fā)生的處置費用預計為20
[答疑編號811060101]
a)Isthereanyindicationthatanassetisimpaired?Yes
b)Whatistherecoverableamountoftheequipment?
FVlesscoststosell=9million
PVoftheexpectedfuturecashflows=8million
Therecoverableamount=9million.
Theprovisionforthedeclineinvalueofthefixedassets=10million–9million=1million.
Dr:Impairmentloss1,000,000
Cr:Provisionfortheimpairmentofasset1,000,000
②Fishercompanyownsanequipmentwiththehistoricalcostof¥30million.Theamountof¥8millionhasbeenrecordedasaccumulateddepreciationand¥2millionasprovisionfortheimpairmentoffixedassets.OnDec.31,2006,thecompanymadeimpairmenttesttotheequipmentandfoundtherewasindicatorshowingthattheassetwasimpaired.Iftheequipmentissold,¥18millioncanbegainedgainafterthecosttosaleisdeducted.Ifitiskeptinuse,theresidualusefullifewouldbe5yearandtheexpectedfuturecashflowintheeachyearisinthefollowingtable:YearExpectedfuturecashflowDiscountrate1¥6million5%2¥5.5million3¥4million4¥3.2million5¥1.8millionPleaseanalysisiftheequipmenthasbeenimpaired.Ifitisso,makenecessaryaccountingentries.
費希爾公司擁有某種設備的原值為3000萬元,已經(jīng)計提折舊800萬元以及減值準備200萬元,該公司于2006年12月31日對甲設備進行減值測試時發(fā)現(xiàn),該類設備存在明顯的減值跡象。如果公司出售該設備,將獲得1800萬元的凈利潤;如果繼續(xù)使用,剩余的使用年限為年預計未來現(xiàn)金流折現(xiàn)率1¥600萬5%2¥550萬3¥400萬4¥320萬5¥180萬請問該資產(chǎn)是否發(fā)生減值?如果發(fā)生減值,計算其減值準備,并作出會計處理。[答疑編號811060102]
a)Isthereanyindicationthatanassetisimpaired?Yes
b)Whatistherecoverableamountoftheequipment?
Carryingvalue=20million
FVlesscoststosell=18million
PVoftheexpectedfuturecashflows=600/(1+5%)+550/(1+5%)2+400/(1+5%)3+320/(1+5%)4+180/(1+5%)5=18.2million
Therecoverableamount=18.20million.
Provisionfortheimpairmentofthefixedassets=20million–18.20million=1.8million.
Dr:Impairmentloss1,800,000
Cr:Provisionfortheimpairmentofasset1,800,000第七講負債Liabilities授課內(nèi)容:
本節(jié)內(nèi)容主要介紹與負債有關的常用術語和用英文進行相應的計算和會計處理。內(nèi)容主要涉及負債定義的特點,負債的分類和計量。并且以債券發(fā)行為例,使大家熟悉這一類型的題目和解答方法。
1.Liabilitiesn.負債
Definition:apresentobligationoftheentityarisingfrompastevents,thesettlementofwhichisexpectedtoresultinanoutflowfromtheentityofresourcesembodyingeconomicbenefits.
Presentobligation現(xiàn)在的義務
Pastevents由過去的交易或事項引起的
Outflowfromtheentityofresourcesembodyingeconomicbenefits經(jīng)濟利益的付出
Probable(contingentliabilities或有負債)可能的
Measurable可以計量的
2.Classification:currentliabilitiesandnon-currentliabilities
Currentliabilities流動負債—accountspayable應付賬款,currentnotespayable應付票據(jù),dividendspayable應付股利,advancefromcustomers預收賬款
Non-current長期負債—long-termloan長期借款,bondspayable應付債券
3.Measurementofliabilities:
Currentliabilities:atfacevalue以面值計量
Non-Currentliabilities:atnetpresentvalue(NPV)凈現(xiàn)值4.Lectureexamplesillustration
Lectureexamples1:
OnJan.5,XcompanyboughtofficefurniturefromYcompanyfor$15,000oncreditandagreetopaytheamountbytheendofJune.Xcompanycannotpayits$15,000accountwithYcompanyontime.Asanaccommodation,onJuly1,YcompanyagreetoacceptXcompany’s3monthsnotewiththefacevalueof$15,000attherateof5%.
PleasedonecessaryaccountingentriesforXcompany.[答疑編號811070101]
January5Dr:Fixedassets—officefurniture15,000固定資產(chǎn)
Cr:Accountpayable15,000應付賬款
July1Dr:Accountpayable—Ycompany15,000應付賬款
Cr:Notespayable15,000應付票據(jù)
Interest:$15,000×5%=$750
July31/August31/Sept.30
Dr:Interestexpense750利息支出
Cr:Interestpayable750應付利息
October1Dr:Notespayable15,000應付票據(jù)
Interestpayable2,250應付利息
Cr:Bankdeposit17,250銀行存款
Lectureexample2:
OnMarch1,LuckyTravelAgencyCompanyreceived$5000advancepaymentfromABCcompany
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 湖南省株洲市2026屆高三上學期教學質(zhì)量統(tǒng)一檢測(一模)歷史試卷(含答案)
- 河南省駐馬店市泌陽縣2025-2026學年八年級上學期1月期末考試物理試卷(含答案)
- 五年級下冊期末測試卷及答案
- 文秘筆試題目及答案
- 北京化工大學《中國近現(xiàn)代史綱要實務》2024-2025學年期末試卷(A卷)
- 湖北省隨州市曾都區(qū)第一高級中學2025-2026學年高一上學期1月期末復習綜合測試歷史試題(原卷版+解析版)
- 2025 小學三年級科學下冊植物與陽光關系實驗課件
- 數(shù)控銑床考試題目及答案
- 生產(chǎn)決定消費試題及答案
- 軟考中級科目試題及答案
- 2026年土壤改良服務合同協(xié)議
- (高清版)DB11∕T 1455-2025 電動汽車充電基礎設施規(guī)劃設計標準
- 貴州醫(yī)科大學
- 散貨船水尺計量和方法-計算表
- GB/T 22086-2008鋁及鋁合金弧焊推薦工藝
- GB/T 16770.1-1997整體硬質(zhì)合金直柄立銑刀第1部分:型式與尺寸
- GA/T 1556-2019道路交通執(zhí)法人體血液采集技術規(guī)范
- 某工程臨時用電施工組織設計方案范本
- 三菱FX3U系列PLC編程技術與應用-第一章課件
- 《力學》課程教學大綱
- 肩頸疏通保養(yǎng)脊椎課件
評論
0/150
提交評論