2023年考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案（僅供參考）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Here'sacommonscenariothatanynumberofentrepreneursfacetoday:you're

theCEOofasmallbusinessandthoughyou'remakinganice1,youneedtofinda

waytotakeittothenextlevel,whatyouneedtodois2growthbyestablishinga

growthteam.Agrowthteamismadeupofmembersfromdifferentdepartments

withinyourcompany,anditharnessesthepowerofcollaborationtofocus3on

findingwaystogrow.

Let'slookatareal-world4.Priortoformingagrowthteam,thesoftware

companyBitTorrenthad50employees.Workinginthe5departmentsofengineering,

marketingandproductdevelopment.Thisbroughtthemgoodresultsuntil2012,when

theirgrowthplateaued.The6wasthattoomanycustomerswereusingthebasic,free

versionoftheirproduct.And7improvementstothepremium,paidversion,few

peopleweremakingtheupgrade.

Thingschanged,8,whenaninnovativeprojectmarketingmanagercameaboard,

9agrowthteamandsparkedthekindof10perspectivetheyneeded.Bylookingat

engineeringissuesfromamarketingpointofview,itbecameclearthatthe11of

upgradeswasn'tduetoaqualityissue.Mostcustomersweresimplyunawareofthe

premiumversionandwhatitoffered.

Armedwiththis12,themarketingandengineeringteamsjoinedforcestoraise

awarenessbyprominently13thepremiumversiontousersofthefreeversion.14,

upgradesskyrocketed,andrevenueincreasedby92percent.

Butinorderforyourgrowth,teamtosucceed,itneedstoahaveastrongleader.

Itneedssomeonewhocan15theinterdisciplinaryteamandkeepthemoncoursefor

improvement.

Thisleaderwill16thetargetarea,setcleargoalsandestablishatimeframefor

the17ofthesegoals.Thisgrowthleaderisalso18forkeepingtheteamfocuson

movingforwardandsteerthemclearofdistractions.19attractive,newideascanbe

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distracting,theteamleadermustrecognizewhentheseideasdon't20thecurrentgoal

andneedtobeputonthebackburner.

l.A.purchaseB.profitC.connectionD.bet

2.A.defineB.predictC.prioritizeD.appreciate

3.A.exclusivelyB.temporarilyC.potentiallyD.initially

4.A.experimentB.proposalC.debateD.example

5.A.identicalB.marginalC.provisionalD.traditional

6.A.rumorB.secretC.mythD.problem

7.A.despiteB.unlikeC.throughD.besides

8.A.moreoverB.howeverC.thereforeD.again

9.A.inspectedB.createdC.expandedD.reformed

lO.A.culturalB.objectiveC.freshD.personal

1l.A.endB.burdenC.lackD.decrease

12.A.policyB.suggestionC.purposeD.insight

13.A.contributingB.allocatingC.promotingD.transferring

14.A.AsaresultB.AtanyrateC.BythewayD.Inasense15.A.uniteB.

financeC.followD.choose

16.A.shareB.identifyC.divideD.broaden

17.A.announcementB.assessmentC.adjustmentD.accomplishment

18.A.famousB.responsibleC.availableD.respectable

19.A.BeforeB.OnceC.WhileD.Unless20.A.serveB.limitC.summarizeD.

alter

[1]B.profit原文提到“小公司的CEO也掙到了大錢(qián)二makeaniceprofit

意為“掙得可觀的利潤(rùn)"故選profit。

[2]C.prioritize原文提到“所需要做的是通過(guò)建立一個(gè)發(fā)展小組來(lái)優(yōu)先促

進(jìn)增長(zhǎng)二此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“優(yōu)先性”,故選prioritize.

[3]A.exclusively原文提到“利用合作的力量來(lái)專(zhuān)注于專(zhuān)門(mén)尋找增長(zhǎng)的方

法“。exclusively表示，獨(dú)占地,專(zhuān)門(mén)地”，符合題意。

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[4]D.example原文提到“來(lái)看一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的例子”，此處通過(guò)舉例子

來(lái)例證上文的觀點(diǎn)，故選example0

[5]D.traditional原文提到“50名雇員在工程、市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)與產(chǎn)品研發(fā)等傳統(tǒng)

部門(mén)工作二traditional表示“傳統(tǒng)的”,符合題意。

[6]D.problem原文提到“問(wèn)題是太多的顧客可以免費(fèi)使用其產(chǎn)品的基礎(chǔ)免

費(fèi)版本”。上文指出最開(kāi)始卓有成就，但后來(lái)陷入了瓶頸期，所以，此處應(yīng)銜接

具有產(chǎn)生什么樣的問(wèn)題。故選problem。

[7]A.despite原文提到“雖然對(duì)于付費(fèi)版本做出了一定的改善，但是幾乎

沒(méi)有人進(jìn)行升級(jí)”。此處前后形成讓步-轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯,故選despite。

[8]B.however原文提到“但是自從一位創(chuàng)新的海外經(jīng)理人的到來(lái)使得事情

發(fā)生了改變工此處考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，上文指出改善沒(méi)有得到公眾的買(mǎi)賬,

而海外人才的引入?yún)s改變了這一些，所以，此處應(yīng)填入轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯詞，故選

howevero

[9]B.created原文提到“這名經(jīng)理人創(chuàng)建了發(fā)展團(tuán)隊(duì)”。此處與首段establish

agrowthteam形成語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選created.,

[10]C.fresh原文提到“引發(fā)了一個(gè)他們所需要的新鮮視角二創(chuàng)新人才的

加入勢(shì)必會(huì)給團(tuán)隊(duì)帶來(lái)新鮮血液。此處與本段innovative形成語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選

fresho

[11]c.lack原文提到“缺少升級(jí)的原因并不是由質(zhì)量問(wèn)題多導(dǎo)致，而是大

部分消費(fèi)者沒(méi)有這方面的意識(shí)二上文提到很少有消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行升級(jí)，所以產(chǎn)品缺

少升級(jí)，故選lacko

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【12】D.insight原文提到“具備這種洞察力，市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)和工程部門(mén)加入到了

團(tuán)隊(duì)之中二此處與上文freshperspective形成語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)，新鮮的看法預(yù)示著對(duì)事

情有了更獨(dú)到的見(jiàn)解,故選insight。

[13]C.promoting原文提到“將免費(fèi)版本升級(jí)成優(yōu)質(zhì)版本二此處與后文

upgrade形成語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選promoting.,

[14]A.Asaresult原文提到“因此，升級(jí)量激增”。此處考查句間的邏輯關(guān)

系，由于版本變得更加優(yōu)質(zhì)，所以選擇升級(jí)的人數(shù)數(shù)量在增加，因此應(yīng)填入因

果邏輯詞,故選asaresulto

[15]A.unite原文提到“需要一個(gè)人來(lái)聯(lián)合來(lái)自跨學(xué)科的組別二上文leader

一詞提示，員工之間需要團(tuán)結(jié)才能成功。unite意為“聯(lián)合”，符合題意。

[16]B.identify原文提至lj“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)需要確定目標(biāo)區(qū)域二下文指出設(shè)立目標(biāo)，

所以在設(shè)立目標(biāo)之前應(yīng)確定目標(biāo)區(qū)域，故選identify.,

【17】D.accomplishment原文提到“建立時(shí)間框架賴完成這些目標(biāo)二上文

提到設(shè)立目標(biāo)，所以此處應(yīng)表示實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，故選accomplishment。

[18]B.responsible原文提到“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)需要負(fù)責(zé)去帶領(lǐng)整個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)一起前進(jìn)二

beresponsiblefor意為“對(duì)...負(fù)責(zé)”,符合題意。

[19]C.while原文提到“雖然很有吸引力，但是新的想法會(huì)讓人分心二此

處體現(xiàn)句間的讓步-轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯關(guān)系，故選while。

[20]A.serve原文提到“一些想法不能服務(wù)目前的目標(biāo)，并且需要暫時(shí)擱

置二即想法和目標(biāo)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一，所以需要暫停，故選serve。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Text1

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\21.TheRHSthinksthatplasticgrass_A.isharmfultotheenvironmentB.isa

hottopicingardeningcirclesC.isoverpraisedintheannualshowD.isruiningthe

viewofWestLondon

[21]A.isharmfultotheenvironment解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問(wèn)RHS對(duì)于

plasticgrass塑料草的看法。通過(guò)RHS和plasticgrass定位，鎖定句子"TheRoyal

HorticulturalSociety（RHS）,whichrunstheannualshowinwestLondon,saysithas

introducedthebanbecauseofthedamageplasticgrassdoestotheenvironmentand

biodiversity."核心句意"由于塑料草對(duì)環(huán)境和生物多樣性造成的破壞，RHS出

臺(tái)了這項(xiàng)禁令。”文章中becauseofthedamageplasticgrassdoestothe

environmentandbiodiversity.又寸應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)isharmfultotheenvironmentodamage和

harmful為同義改寫(xiě)。

\22.ThepetitionsmentionedinParagraph3revealedthecampaigners9A.

disappointmentwiththeRHS

B.resistancetofakegrassuse

C.angerovertheproposedtax

D.concernaboutrealgrasssupply

【22】B.resistancetofakegrassuse解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，通過(guò)題干

petitions（請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?shū)）和campaigners（運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者）進(jìn)行定位。通過(guò)campaigners所在

句子“TheRHS'sdecisioncomesascampaignerstrytoraiseawarenessofthe

problemsfakegrasscauses.”得知，campaigners試圖提高人們對(duì)假草造成的問(wèn)題

的認(rèn)識(shí)。下文petitions所在句子詳細(xì)說(shuō)明提升對(duì)假草問(wèn)題的具體方式Itistrying

toencouragepeopletosigntwopetitions,onecallingforabanonthesaleofplastic

grassandanothercallingforan"ecologicaldamage“taxonsuchlawns.即“呼吁禁

止銷(xiāo)售塑料草，和呼吁對(duì)此類(lèi)草坪征收“生態(tài)破壞”稅"。只有B選項(xiàng)resistanceto

fakegrassuse（對(duì)假草使用的抵制）,對(duì)定位句進(jìn)行了同義改寫(xiě)。

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\23.InParagraph4,supportersoffakegrasspointout—

A.thenecessitytolowerthecostsoffakegrass

B.thedisadvantagesofgrowingrealgrass

C.thewaytotakecareofartificiallawns

D.thechallengesofinsecthabitatprotection

【23】B.thedisadvantagesofgrowingrealgrass解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問(wèn)假

草支持者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。通過(guò)第4段內(nèi)容可概括出“天然草坪也會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成影

響，并且真正的草需要大量的水、除草劑或其他處理?！敝挥蠦選項(xiàng)the

disadvantagesofgrowingrealgrass（種植真草的缺點(diǎn)），是對(duì)文章的同義概括。

\24.Whatwouldthegovernmentdowithregardtoartificialgrass?A.Urge

legislationtorestrictitsuse

B.TakemeasurestoguaranteeitsqualityC.Reminditsuserstoobeyexisting

rules.D.Replaceitwithsustainablealternatives.

【24】C.Reminditsuserstoobeyexistingrules.解析:該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問(wèn)“政

府會(huì)如何處理人造草?”通過(guò)government和artificialgrass定位從文章中得知“政

府沒(méi)有計(jì)劃禁止使用人造草，并且人工草地的使用必須遵守現(xiàn)有的法律和政策

保障措施。文章中的complywiththelegalandpolicy（遵守法律和政策）與B選項(xiàng)

Reminditsuserstoobeyexistingrules.（提醒用戶遵守現(xiàn)有規(guī)則。）是同義改寫(xiě)。

\25.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthatfakegrassA.isbeingimproved

continuouslyB.hasseenamarketsharedeclineC.isbecomingincreasingaffordable

D.hasbeenacontroversialproduct

【25】D.hasbeenacontroversialproduct.解析：該題為主旨題，問(wèn)通過(guò)文章

可以得出什么關(guān)于假草的結(jié)論。本題考查對(duì)文章主旨和段落大意的把握。文章

闡述了RHS，假草支持者，和政府對(duì)于假草的不同態(tài)度，其中RHS禁止假草

第6頁(yè)共21頁(yè)

的使用，而政府表明沒(méi)有禁止計(jì)劃。各方觀點(diǎn)明確并闡述了理由。因?yàn)槲恼率?/p>

圍繞fakegi-ass展開(kāi)爭(zhēng)議，因?yàn)榇鸢甘荄,是“有爭(zhēng)議性的產(chǎn)品工

Text2

26.WhatproblemareUSnationalparksfacedwith?A.Declineofbusiness

profits.

B.Inadequatecommercialization.C.Lackoftransportationservices.D.Poorly

maintainedinfrastructure.

【26】DPoorlymaintainedinfrastructure.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問(wèn)美國(guó)國(guó)家

公園面臨著什么問(wèn)題，根據(jù)problem,USnationalparks回到原文定位，文中提到：

“美國(guó)國(guó)家公園正處于危機(jī)之中。他們總共有超過(guò)120億美元的維護(hù)費(fèi)用積壓下

來(lái)沒(méi)有撥款。"(U.S.nationalparksareincrisis.Collectively,theyhavea

maintenancebacklogofmorethan$12billion.)所以美國(guó)國(guó)家公園面臨著維護(hù)缺錢(qián)

的問(wèn)題，即基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施維護(hù)不良。

27.Increasedprivatizationofthecampgroundsmay.A.spoilvisitorexperience

B.helppreservenatureC.bringoperationalpressureD.boostvisitstoparks

[27]A.spoilvisitorexperience解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問(wèn)增加露營(yíng)地的私有

化可能會(huì)如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞privatization,thecampgrounds回到原文定位，文

中提到：“增加私有化肯定會(huì)削弱每年3億游客來(lái)公園的主要原因之一：享受自

然，從淹沒(méi)日常生活的商業(yè)鼓聲中得到喘息?！?increasedprivatizationwould

certainlyundercutoneofthemajorreasonswhy300millionvisitorscometothe

parkseachyear:toenjoynatureandgetarespitefromthecommercialdrumbeatthat

overwhelms

dailylife.)所以增加露營(yíng)地的私有化可能會(huì)讓游客仍然受到商業(yè)的影響，不

能更好地享受自然，即破壞游客體驗(yàn)。

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28.AccordingtoParagraph5,mostrespondentsinthesurveywouldA.gotothe

nationalparksonaregularbasis.

B.advocateabiggerbudgetforthenationalparks.C.agreetopayextraforthe

nationalparks.

D.supportthenationalparks'recentreforms.

【28】C.agreetopayextraforthenationalparks.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問(wèn)調(diào)

查中的大多數(shù)受訪者會(huì)如何根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞respondents,thesurvey回到原文定位，

文中提到：“約81%的受訪者表示，他們?cè)敢庠谖磥?lái)10年繳納額外的稅款，以

避免任何削減國(guó)家公園的開(kāi)支?！?Some81%ofrespondentssaidtheywouldbe

willingtopayadditionaltaxesforthenext10yearstoavoidanycutstothenational

parks.)所以調(diào)查中的大多數(shù)受訪者會(huì)愿意額外繳納稅款，即同意為國(guó)家公園支付

額外的費(fèi)用。

29.Thenationalparksarevaluableinthatthey

A.leadthewayintourism.B.havehistoricalsignificance.

C.sponsorresearchonclimateD.provideanincomeforthelocals.

[29]B.havehistoricalsignificance.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問(wèn)國(guó)家公園很有

價(jià)值因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)趺礃樱鶕?jù)關(guān)鍵詞thenationalparks,valuable回到原文中定位，

文中提到，這些公園還有助于讓美國(guó)的歷史充滿活力，與全國(guó)數(shù)千個(gè)地方司法

機(jī)構(gòu)合作，保護(hù)包括埃利斯島和葛底斯堡在內(nèi)的歷史遺跡，并讓這些地方的故

事變得生動(dòng)起來(lái)?！?TheparksalsohelpkeepAmerica'spastalive,workingwith

thousandsoflocaljurisdictionsaroundthecountrytoprotecthistoricalsites一

includingEllisIslandandGettysburg-andtobringthestoriesoftheseplacestolife.)

所以國(guó)家公園很有價(jià)值因?yàn)樗鼈冇兄谧屆绹?guó)的歷史充滿活力，保護(hù)歷史遺跡，

即有歷史意義。

第8頁(yè)共21頁(yè)

30.ltcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatthenationalparksystemA.isableto

copewithstaffshortage.B.isabletomeetvisitor'sdemands.

C.isinneedofanewpricepolicy.

D.isinneedofafundingincrease.

【30】D.isinneedofafundingincrease.解析:該題為細(xì)節(jié)題,問(wèn)國(guó)家公園

體系如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thenationalparksystem回到原文中定位，文中提到：“國(guó)

會(huì)每年只給國(guó)家公園系統(tǒng)撥款30億美元——這一數(shù)額自2001年以來(lái)一直沒(méi)有

變化(以通貨膨脹調(diào)整后的美元計(jì)算)，除了2009年作為奧巴馬刺激計(jì)劃一部分

的一次增加。與此同時(shí)，自1980年以來(lái)，每年的游客數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)了50%以上,現(xiàn)

在每年達(dá)到3.3億人次?！?Congressallocatesonly$3billionayeartothenational

parksystem—anamountthathasbeenflatsince2001(ininflation-adjusteddollars)

withtheexceptionofaonetimeboostin2009aspartoftheObamastimuluspackage.

Meanwhile,thenumberofannualvisitorshasincreasedbymorethan50%since1980,

andnowstandsat330millionvisitorsperyear.)可以得知，國(guó)家公園體系得到的撥

款每年基本上保持不變，然而參觀公園的游客再增長(zhǎng)，所以國(guó)家公園體系需要

撥款資金的增加。

Text3

\31.Sparrow'sstudyshowthatwiththeInternet,thehumanbrainwill

A.analyzeinformationindetail

B.collectinformationefficiently

C.switchitsfocusofmemoryD.extenditsmemoryduration

[31]C.switchitsfocusofmemory解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題,問(wèn)Sparrow的研

究表明在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代，人類(lèi)大腦會(huì)怎樣。通過(guò)Spanow定位，最終鎖定第一段

最后一句,即對(duì)研究結(jié)論的表“humanmemoryisnotdeterioratingbut"adaptingto

newcommunicationstechnology,"人類(lèi)的記憶并沒(méi)有退化，而是“適應(yīng)新的通信

第9頁(yè)共21頁(yè)

技術(shù)二CD選項(xiàng)都提到了memory,C是轉(zhuǎn)換大腦記憶焦點(diǎn)，D是延長(zhǎng)大腦記憶時(shí)

間。文章中的“適應(yīng)新的通信技術(shù)”對(duì)應(yīng)C選項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)換焦點(diǎn)。，因此答案是Co

\32.Theprocessof"cognitiveoffloading"___A.helpsusidentifyfalse

informationB.keepsourmemoryfromfailingC.enablesustoclassifytrivialfactsD.

lessensourmemoryburdens

【32】D.lessensourmemoryburdens解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題,通過(guò)cognitive

offloading定位。文章描述“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在成為我們記憶的外部硬盤(pán)，這一過(guò)程被

稱為“cognitiveoffloading”。傳統(tǒng)上，這一角色是由數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、圖書(shū)館和其他人類(lèi)

完成的。例如，你的父親可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)記得生日，因?yàn)槟愕哪赣H會(huì)記得?！奔?/p>

cognitiveoffloading可以幫助儲(chǔ)存部分記憶，即對(duì)應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)“減輕我們的記憶負(fù)

擔(dān)二

\33.WhichofthefollowingwouldSpaiTowssupportabouttheInternet?A.It

mayreformourlearningapproachB.Itmayimpactoursocietynegatively

C.ItmayenhanceouradaptabilitytotechnologyD.Itmayinterferewithour

conceptualthinking

【33】A.Itmayreformourlearningapproach解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題z通過(guò)

Sparrows進(jìn)行定位，本句話表明了Sparrows的觀點(diǎn)：“thetrendwillchangeour

approachtolearningfromafocusonindividualfactsandmemorizationtoan

emphasisonmoreconceptualthinking^,“也許，她建議,這一趨勢(shì)將改變我們的學(xué)

習(xí)方式，從關(guān)注個(gè)人事實(shí)和記憶轉(zhuǎn)變，變?yōu)殛P(guān)注更多的概念思維”。A選項(xiàng)Itmay

reformourleai-ningapproach（它可能會(huì)改變我們的學(xué)習(xí)方式）是對(duì)文章的同義改

寫(xiě)。

\34.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thathowtheInternetaffectsourbrains_

A.requiresfurtheracademicresearch

B.ismoststudiedinolderadults

第10頁(yè)共21頁(yè)

C.isreflectedinourreadingspeed

D.dependsonourweb-surfinghabits

【34】A.requiresfurtheracademicresearch解析：該題為推斷題。段首句明

確表示“還有其他專(zhuān)家表示，現(xiàn)在了解互聯(lián)網(wǎng)如何影響我們的大腦還為時(shí)過(guò)

早?！薄選項(xiàng)“需要進(jìn)一步的學(xué)術(shù)研究”是對(duì)文章的同義改寫(xiě)。

\35.NeitherSparrowsnorStormwouldagreethat_

A.ourrelianceontheInternetwillbecostly

B.theInternetisweakeningourmemory

C.memoryexerciseisamustforourbrains

D.ourabilitytofucusdeclineswithage

【35】B.theInternetisweakeningourmemory解析：該題為觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比，問(wèn)

Sparrows和Storm都不會(huì)同意什么。Sparrows認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以改變我們的學(xué)習(xí)

方式，Storm在文章最后一段表明觀點(diǎn)。"Theremaybecostsassociatedwithour

increasedrelianceontheInternet,butI'dhavetoimaginethatoverallthebenefitsare

goingtooutweighthosecosts,”“我們對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的依賴增加可能會(huì)帶來(lái)一些成本,

但我不得不想象，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，收益將超過(guò)這些成本。"因?yàn)镾torm也支持互聯(lián)

網(wǎng)。即兩人都沒(méi)有認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有害,對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)theInternetisweakeningour

memory,即都不會(huì)認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在削弱我們的記憶。

Text4

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,childrengrowingintoadolescencetendto.

A.developoppositepersonalitytraits.

B.seetheworldinanunreasonableway.C.havefondmemoriesoftheirpast.

D.showaffectionfortheirparents.

【36】A.developoppositepersonalitytraits.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問(wèn)進(jìn)入青

春期的孩子往往會(huì)如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞childrenadolescence回到原文中定位，文

第11頁(yè)共21頁(yè)

中提到：“在青春期，無(wú)助和依賴成年人的孩子成為獨(dú)立的人，他們可以照顧自

己，互相幫助。與此同時(shí)，曾經(jīng)快樂(lè)順從的孩子變成了叛逆的冒險(xiǎn)家，往往到

了自我毀滅的地步。(Inadolescence,helplessanddependentchildrenwhohave

reliedongrown-upsforjustabouteverythingbecomeindependentpeoplewhocan

takecareofthemselvesandhelpeachother.Atthesametime,oncecheerfuland

compliantchildrenbecomerebelliousteenagerisk-takers,oftentothepointof

self-destruction.)所以進(jìn)入青春期的孩子往往發(fā)展出相反的人格特征。

37.ItcanbelearnedformParagraph2thatCrone'sstudyA.exploresteenagers5

socialresponsibilities.B.examinesteenagers9emotionalproblems.C.providesanew

insightintoadolescence.D.highlightsnegativeadolescentbehavior.

[37]C.providesanewinsightintoadolescence.解析該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問(wèn)Crone

的研究如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Crone'sstudy回到原文中定位，文中提到：“這項(xiàng)研究

是對(duì)青春期思考的新浪潮的一部分。很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間以來(lái)，科學(xué)家和政策制定者

都認(rèn)為青少年是一個(gè)需要解決的問(wèn)題。這項(xiàng)新研究強(qiáng)調(diào)，青春期是一個(gè)充滿機(jī)

遇和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的時(shí)期?！?Thestudyispartofanewwaveofthinkingaboutadolescence.

Foralongtime,scientistsandpolicymakersconcentratedontheideathatteenagers

wereaproblemthatneededtobesolved.Thenewworkemphasizesthatadolescence

isatimeofopportunityaswellasrisk.)所以Crone的研究和以往對(duì)于青春期的思考

不一樣，即為青春期提供了一個(gè)新的見(jiàn)解。

38.WhatdoesCrone'sstudyfindaboutprosocialbehavior?A.Itresultsfromthe

wishtocooperate.

B.Itiscultivatedthrougheducation.

C.Itissubjecttofamilyinfluence.

D.Ittendstopeakinadolescence.

第12頁(yè)共21頁(yè)

【38】D.Ittendstopeakinadolescence.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題,問(wèn)關(guān)于親社會(huì)

的行為,Crone的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Crone'sstudy,prosocialbehavior

回到原文中定位，文中提到：“有趣的是，這項(xiàng)新研究表明，親社會(huì)行為也存在

同樣的模式。青少年比年幼的兒童或成年人更有可能報(bào)告他們做過(guò)無(wú)私地幫助

月月友等事'情。"(thenewstudyshowsthat,interestingly,thesamepatternholdsfor

prosocialbehavior.Teenagersweremorelikelythanyoungerchildrenoradults

toreportthattheydidthingslikeunselfishlyhelpafriend.)所以相比幼童和成人,青

少年更容易做出親社會(huì)的行為，即親社會(huì)的行為往往在青春期達(dá)到頂峰。

39.ItcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatteenagersA.overstress

theirinfluenceonothers.

B.carealotaboutsocialrecognition.

C.becomeanxiousabouttheirfuture.

D.endeavortoliveajoyfullife.

[39]B.carealotaboutsocialrecognition.解析：該題為推理題，問(wèn)青少年如

何，文中提到：“青少年對(duì)社會(huì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)特別敏感贏得比賽，給新朋友留下深刻

印象,讓那個(gè)男孩注意到你。”(Teenagersareparticularlysensitivetosocial

rewards一winningthegame,impressinganewfriend,gettingthatboytonoticeyou.)

這些都是說(shuō)青少年在乎社會(huì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，即社會(huì)認(rèn)可。

40.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whyteenagersareself-contradictory.

B.Whyteenagersaresensitive.

C.Howteenagersdevelopprosociality.D.Howteenagersbecomeindependent.

[40]A.Whyteenagersareself-contradictory.解析：該題為主旨題,第一段

開(kāi)頭提到青少年是矛盾的，中間部分通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)主要討論青少年自相矛

盾的表現(xiàn)，最后部分探討了青少年自相矛盾產(chǎn)生的原因。所以這篇文章主要討

論了青少年為什么是自相矛盾的。

第13頁(yè)共21頁(yè)

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumn

toitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesin

therightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Newbuildingregulationsaimedatimprovingenergyefficiencyaresetto

increasethepriceofnewhomes,aswellasthoseofextensionsandloftconversions

onexistingones.

Therules,whichcameintoeffectonWednesdayinEngland,arepartof

governmentplanstoreducetheUK'scarbonemissionstonetzeroby2050.Theyset

newstandardsforventilation,energyefficiencyandheating,andstatethatnew

residentialbuildingsmusthavechargingpointsforelectricvehicles.

Themovesarethemostsignificantchangetobuildingregulationsinyears,and

industryexpertssaytheywillinevitablyleadtohigherpricesatatimewhena

shortageofmaterialsandhighlabourcostsisalreadydrivingupbills.

BrianBerry,chiefexecutiveoftheFederationofMasterBuilders,atradegroup

forsmallandmedium-sizedbuilders,saysthemeasureswillrequirenewmaterials,

testingmethods,productsandsystemstobeinstalled."Allthiscomesatanincreased

costduringatimewhenpricesarealreadyskyhigh.Inevitably,consumerswillhave

topaymore,^^hesays.

GarethBelsham,ofsurveyorsNaismiths,sayspeoplewhoareupgrading,or

extendingtheirhome,willbedirectlyaffected.

“Thebiggestchangesrelatetoheatingandinsulation,,9hesays,"Therearenew

rulesconcerningtheamountofglazingusedinextensions,andanynewwindowsor

doorsmustbehighlyinsulated.^^

Thechangescouldmeananextra￡3,000addedtothebillofanaveragehome

extension,accordingtoJonathanRolandeoftheNationalAssociationofProperty

Buyers,agroupofprofessionalsaimedatraisingconstructionstandards.

第14頁(yè)共21頁(yè)

Homeownersextendingmayseetheamountofspacetheyhavedecrease,as

wallswillhavetobethickerinordertocomplywithrequirementsforbetter

insulation.

AndrewMellor,ofPRParchitects,saysexternalwallswillneedtobeabout7cm

thickerthanpreviously.

Windowsanddoorswillhavetoadheretohigherstandards,whiletherearenew

limitsontheamountofglazingyoucanhavetoreduceunwantedheatfromthesun.

ThomasGoodman,ofMyJobQuote,asitewhichsourcesquotes,saysthiswill

bringinnewrestrictionsforextensions.

“Glazingonwindows,doorsandrooflightsmustcovernomorethan25%ofthe

floorareatopreventheatloss,“hesays.

Aspropertiesbecomemoreairtight,therearealsomeasurestoensureproper

airflow,suchashavingsmallopenings(tricklevents)onwindowsthatallow

ventilationwhenawindowisclosed.

Forpeopleextendingtheirhomes,theymayberequiredtoinstallanew,or

replacement,heatingsystemdependingonthesizeofthebuild,saysBelsham.These

willhavetouselowertemperaturewatertodeliverthesameheat,whichwillrequire

increasedinsulationofpipes.

“We'llseemoreinsulation,betterlightingdesignandrestrictionsontheamount

ofglassusedinsomeareas.Butwithmorethermal-efficienthomescancometherisk

ofoverheatingduetosolargain,andsoventilationisalsocovered/9saysRolande.

“Asaresult,double-glazedwindowswillrequiretrickleventstoletheatescapeand

alsotoprovidefreshairforhealthreasonsand,ofcourse,toreducetheriskof

condensationbuildupinanever-moreairtightproperty.^^

AstherulescameintoeffectlastWednesday,propertydeveloperswererushing

tofileplansjustbeforethedeadline,accordingtoBelsham.Anyplanssubmitted

beforethatdateareconsideredtobeunderthepreviousrules,andcangoaheadas

longasworkstartsbefore15Junenextyear.

第15頁(yè)共21頁(yè)

Anaverageextensionwillprobablyseearound￡3,000additionalcostthanksto

thenewregs

Builderswhichhavecostedprojects,buthavenotfiledthepaperwork,mayneed

togobackandsubmitfreshestimates,saysMarcusJeffordofBuildAviator,which

pricesprojects.

Asthechangesareaimedtomakehomesmoreenergyefficient,theywill

eventuallydrivedownheatingbills.Butintheshort-termhomeownersarelikelyto

facehighercostsforwork.

Materialspricesarealreadyup25%inthelasttwoyears,accordingtofigures

fromtheConstructionProductsAssociation.

Howmuchoverallpriceswillincreaseasaresultoftherulechangesisnotclear.

“Whileadmirableintheirintentions,theywilladdtothecostofhousebuildingata

timewhenmanyalreadyfeelthattheyarepricedoutofhomeownership,says

Rolande.t4Anaverageextensionwillprobablyseearound￡3,000additionalcost

thankstothenewregs.”

JohnKelly,aconstructionlawyeratFreethslawfirm,believespriceswill

eventuallycomedown.Butnotintheimmediatefuture."Asthemarketplaceadapts

tothenewrequirements,andthetechnologiesthatsupportthem,thescalingupof

thesetechnologieswilleventuallybringcostsdown,butintheshortterm,wewillall

havetopaythepriceofthenecessarytransition,hesays.

However,thelong-termeffectsofthechangeswillbemorecomfortableand

energy-efficienthomes,addsMellor."Homeownerswillprobablyrecoupthatcost

overtimeinenergybillsavings.Itwillobviouslybeveryvolatileatthemoment,but

theywillhavethatbenefitover

第16頁(yè)共21頁(yè)

|A|Theriseofhomepncesisatemporarymatter

41BrainBerry[B|Builderspossiblyneedtosubmitnewestimatesoftheirprojects

42.GarethBelshd

|C)Therewillbespecificlimitsonhomeextensionstopreventheatloss.

m

43MarcusJefford|D]Thenewruleswilltakehomepricestoanevenhigherlevel

44JohnKellyIE)Manypeoplefeelthathomepncesarealreadybeyondwhattheyc?nafford

|F|Thenewruleswillaffectpeoplewhosehomeextensionsincludenewwindowsord

45AndrewMellor

oors.

IG]Therulechangeswillbenefithomeownerseventually.

[41]D

Thenewruleswilltakehomepricestoanevenhigherlevel.

根據(jù)題干BrianBerry進(jìn)行定位，原文提到“Allthiscomesatanincreasedcost

duringatimewhenpricesarealreadyskyhigh."，即在價(jià)格已經(jīng)高得離譜的時(shí)候,

所有這些都會(huì)增加成本。對(duì)于消費(fèi)者而言，新政策的發(fā)布會(huì)讓原本就很高的房

價(jià)繼續(xù)攀高。D項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫(xiě)，故D項(xiàng)正確。

[42]F

Thenewruleswillaffectpeoplewhosehomeextensionsincludenewwindows

ordoors.

根據(jù)題干GarethBelsham進(jìn)行定位，原文提到“peoplewhoareupgrading,or

extendingtheirhome,willbedirectlyaffected”,即考慮升級(jí)或者擴(kuò)建房屋的人們會(huì)

受到影響。F項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫(xiě)，故F項(xiàng)正確。

【43】B

Builderspossiblyneedtosubmitnewestimatesoftheirprojects.

根據(jù)題干MarcusJefford定位定位，原文提到“Builderswhichhavecosted

projects,buthavenotfiledthepaperwork,mayneedtogobackandsubmitfresh

estimates”，即已經(jīng)估算項(xiàng)目成本但尚未提交文件的建筑商可能需要回去提交新

的估算。B項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫(xiě)，故B項(xiàng)正確。

第17頁(yè)共21頁(yè)

[44]A

Theriseofhomepricesisatemporarymatter.

根據(jù)JohnKelly進(jìn)行定位,原文提到“JohnKelly,aconstructionlawyerat

Freethslawfirm,believespriceswilleventuallycomedown.Butnotintheimmediate

future-,即房?jī)r(jià)最終一定會(huì)下降，但并不是在短期之內(nèi)。所以,房?jī)r(jià)的下跌只

是一個(gè)時(shí)間問(wèn)題。A項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫(xiě)，故A項(xiàng)正確。

[45]G

Therulechangeswillbenefithomeownerseventually.

根據(jù)AndrewMellor進(jìn)行定位,原文提到“"Homeownerswillprobablyrecoup

thatcostovertimeinenergybillsavings.Itwillobviouslybeveryvolatileatthe

moment,buttheywillhavethatbenefitovertime.",即隨著時(shí)間的推移，房主很可

能會(huì)通過(guò)節(jié)省能源賬單來(lái)收回這筆費(fèi)用。目前情況顯然會(huì)很不穩(wěn)定，但隨著時(shí)

間的推移，他們會(huì)從中受益。G項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫(xiě)，故G項(xiàng)正確。

SectionIIITranslation

[46]

Inthelate18thcentury,WilliamWordsworthbecamefamousforhispoems

aboutnature.AndhewasoneofthefoundersofamovementcalledRomanticism,

whichcelebratedthewondersofthenaturalworld.

Poetryispowerful.Itsenergyandrhythmcancaptureareader,transportthemto

anotherworldandmakethenseethingsdifferently.Throughcarefullyselectedwords

andphrases,poemscanbedramatic,funny,beautiful,movingandinspiring.

Nooneknowsforsurewhenpoetrybegan