2023年考研考博-考博英語-中國政法大學考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析第1卷一.綜合題(共15題)1.單選題Martinfromtimetotimeofferedremarks______theeffectthathewasawonderfulscientistandthathehadagoodcommandofpsychology.問題1選項A.toB.inC.withD.for2.單選題Afakecanbedefinedasanartworkintendedtodeceive.Themotivesofitscreatoraredecisive,andthemeritoftheobjectitselfisaseparateissue.ThequestionmarkinthetitleofMarkJones’sFake?TheArtofDeceptionrevealsthestudy’sbroaderconcerns.Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal?Andthetextbeginsbynothingavarietyofpossibilitiessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Theseincludeworksbyanartist’sfollowersinthestyleofthemaster,deliberatearchaism,copyingforpedagogicalpurposes,andtheproductionofcommercialfacsimiles.ThegreaterpartofFake?isdevotedtoachronologicalsurveysuggestingthatfakingfeedsonthemanydifferentmotivespeoplehaveforcollectingart,andthat,onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes.InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.InmedievalEurope,becauseartwascelebratedmoreforitsdevotionalusesthanforitsprovenanceortheingenuityofitscreators,thefakingofartwasvirtuallynonexistent.ThemodernageoffakingbeganintheItalianRenaissance,withtwolinkeddevelopments:apassionateidentificationwiththeworldofantiquityandagrowingsenseofindividualartisticidentity.ApatronoftheyoungMichelangeloprevailedupontheartisttomakehisSculptureSleepingCupidlookasthoughithadbeenburiedintheearthsothat“itwillbetakenforantique,andyouwillsellitmuchbetter.”Withinafewyears,however,beginningwithhisfirstmasterpiece,theBacchus,Michelangelohadshownhiscontemporariesthatgreatartcanassimilateandtranscendwhatcamebefore,resultinginawhollyoriginalwork.Soonhisgeniusmadehimtheobjectofimitators.Fake?Alsoremindsusthatincertainculturesauthenticityisaforeignconcept.ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.Asanillustration,thestudycomparestwoversionsofachiwaramaskmadebytheBambarapeopleofMali.Onehaspegsallowingittobeattachedtoacapforitsintendedceremonialpurpose.Thesecond,otherwiseidentical,lacksthepegsandisareplicamadeforsale.Africancarvingisnotoriouslydifficulttodate,buteveniftheritualmaskisrecent,madeperhapstoreplaceadamagedpredecessor,andthereplicamucholder,onlytheritualmaskshouldbeseenasauthentic,foritistiedtotheform’soriginalfunction.That,atleast,istheconsensusoftheso-calledexperts.OnewonderswhethertheBambaranartistswouldagree.56.Thepassagecanbestbedescribedasdoingwhichoneofthefollowing?57.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor’smainpoint?58.TheauthorprovidesatleastoneexampleofeachofthefollowingEXCEPT______.59.Theauthorimplieswhichoneofthefollowingabouttheartisticmeritsoffakes?60.Bythestandarddescribedinthelastparagraphofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredauthentic?問題1選項A.Reconcilingvariedpointsofview.B.Chroniclingtheevolutionofaphenomenon.C.Exploringacomplexquestion.D.Advocatinganewapproach.問題2選項A.Whetheraworkofartisfakeornotislessimportantthanwhetherithasartisticmerit.B.Itispossibletoshowthataworkofartisfake,buttheauthenticityofaworknotbeprovedconclusively.C.Avarietyofcircumstancesmakeitdifficulttodeterminewhetheraworkofartcanappropriatelybecalledafake.D.Thefakingofarthasoccurredthroughouthistoryandinvirtuallyeveryculture.問題3選項A.categoriesofartthatareneitherwhollyfakenorwhollyoriginalB.contemporaryartistswhoseworkshaveinspiredfakesC.qualitiesthatartcollectorshaveprizedintheiracquisitionsD.culturesinwhichthefakingofartflourished問題4選項A.Afakemayormaynothaveartisticmeritinitsownright,regardlessofthecircumstancesofitsproduction.B.Whetherafakehasartisticmeritdependsonwhetheritscreatorisaccomplishedasanartist.C.Theartisticmeritoffakedependsonthemeritoftheoriginalworkthatinspiredthefake.D.Afakecanbesaidtohaveartisticmeritonlyiftheattempteddeceptionissuccessful.問題5選項A.AnancientRomancopyofanancientGreeksculpture.B.Amodernreconstructionofamedievalaltarpiecedesignedtoserveitstraditionalroleinaserviceofworship.C.Aprintofapaintingsignedbytheartistwhopaintedtheoriginal.D.ApaintingbegunbyRenaissancemasterandfinishedbyhisassistantsafterhisdeath.3.單選題Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesafriendlypeople.Theirfriendships,however,tendtobeshorterandmorecasualthanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.ItisnotuncommonforAmericanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlifetime,andconsiderother“friends”tobejustsocialacquaintances.ThisattitudeprobablyhassomethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotliketobedependentonotherpeople.Theytendto“compartmentalize”friendships,having“friendsatwork”,“friendsonthesoftballteam”,“familyfriends”,etc.BecausetheUnitedStatesisahighlyactivesociety,fullofmovementandchange,peoplealwaysseemtobeonthego.Inthishighlychargedatmosphere,Americanscansometimesseembrusqueorimpatient.Theywanttogettoknowyouasquicklyaspossibleandthenmoveontosomethingelse.Sometimes,earlyon,theywillaskyouquestionsthatyoumayfeelareverypersonal.Noinsultisintended;thequestionsusuallygrowoutoftheirgenuineinterestorcuriosity,andtheirimpatiencetogettotheheartofthematter.Andthesamegoesforyou.IfyoudonotunderstandcertainAmericanbehaviororyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthem,donothesitatetoaskthemquestionsaboutthemselves.Americansareusuallyeagertoexplainallabouttheircountryoranything“American”inwhichyoumaybeinterested.Somuchsoinfatthatyoumaybecometiredoflistening.Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseAmericanstendtobeuncomfortablewithsilenceduringaconversation.Theywouldrathertalkabouttheweatherorthelatestsportsscores,forexample,thandealwithsilence.Ontheotherhand,don’texpectAmericanstobeknowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairs,unlessthosesubjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisnotsurroundedbymanyothernations,someAmericanstendtoignoretherestoftheworld.41.Thegeneraltopicofthepassageis______.42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?43.Thephrase“highlycharged”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans______.44.Itcaninferredfromthepassagethat______.45.Accordingtothepassage,Americanstendtoignoretherestoftheworldbecause______.問題1選項A.AmericancultureB.AmericansocietyC.Americans’personalityD.Americans’activities問題2選項A.Americansknowalotaboutinternationalaffairs.B.FriendshipsamongAmericanstendtobecasual.C.Americansdonotliketodependonotherpeople.D.Americansalwaysseemtobeonthego.問題3選項A.extremelyfreeB.highlyresponsibleC.fullofmobilityandchangeD.verycheerful問題4選項A.AmericanswanttoparticipateinallkindsofactivitiesB.Americans,characterisaffectedbytheirsocialandgeographicalenvironmentC.AmericansdonotknowhowtodealwithsilenceD.curiosityischaracteristicofAmericans問題5選項A.theyarenotinterestedinothercountriesB.theyaretooproudofthemselvesC.theircountrydoesnothavemanyneighboringnationsD.theyaretoobusytolearnaboutothercountries4.單選題Here’sascenarioyoumightrecognizeifyou’reawomandatingasocialmediabutterfly:You’resittingonthecouchtogethersilentlywatchingTV.WhenyoutakeamomenttopeekatyourTwitterfeed,youseeyoursignificantotherhasbeensharingastreamofpersonalthoughtsaboutHouseofCardswiththeTwitterverse—eventhoughhehasn’tutteredawordtoyou.It’snosurprisethatmantendtobemoretight-lippedthanwomenabouttheirthoughtsandfeelings,butsocialmediaiscreatingahavenforsomementoexpressthemselvesonlineinwaystheydon’tinperson—andneverwouldhavebefore.Fromarelationshipperspective,thatcanbeagoodandbadthing.Womencannowturntosocialmediatogetmoreinsightintowhattheirpartnersthink,butwhere’stheintimacyinthatwhenthosefeelingsarealsobeingbroadcasttohundredsofFacebookfriendsandthousandsofTwitterfollowers.RecentdatafromPewResearchCentersuggeststhatsocialmediaismakingitswayintorelationshipmorethanever,with74%ofcouplessurveyedsayingtheInternethasimpactedtheirrelationshipinagoodway.Womenaremorelikelythanmentousesocialmedia,with71%ofwomenparticipatingcomparedwith62%ofmen,accordingtothelatestreportfromWomen’sMediaCenter.However,whatpsychologistsandresearchersfindespeciallyinterestingisthat,whilewomenareequallywillingtosharethethoughtstheyspewoutintothedigitaletherwithsomeonefacetoface,menaremuchlesslikelytodothesame.EvaBuechel,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofMiamiwhohasstudiedwhypeoplesharecontentonline,hasfoundthatmenandwomenwhoexperiencesocialanxiety,andthereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupport,areequallylikelytomaintainablogorsocialmediaaccount.However,“whilesociallyapprehensivefemalesshareequallyacross”.OtherresearchfromNorthwesternUniversityshowsthatmenareincreasinglymorelikelytosharetheircreativework,likewriting,music,orart,online.Nearlytwo-thirdsofmenina2008studysaidtheyposttheirworkonline,comparedwithonlyhalfofthewomenwhoreportedposting.56.Fromthewordsused,itcanbeknownthatthetoneofthefirstparagraph______.57.Whydoesamanprefertoexpressonlineratherthaninpersonaccordingtothepassage?58.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutwomenisNOTtrue?59.Accordingtothepassage,menandwomenremaintheirsocialmediaaccountforthefollowingreasonexcept______.60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutmen’susingsocialmedia?問題1選項A.criticalB.ironicC.ridiculeD.enthusiastic問題2選項A.Socialmediaisthoughttobemorepowerful.B.Socialmediaisbelievedtobesafeandpeaceful.C.Helikeshisopiniontobeexposedtomoreaudience.D.Heisusuallyshyinfrontofanindividualwhiletalking.問題3選項A.Theygotnegativelyimpactedbysocialmedia.B.Theyusesocialmediamoreoftenthanmendo.C.Theyknowtheirspousesmuchbetterfromsocialmedia.D.Theyarewillingtousebothsocialmediaandfacetofacetalk.問題4選項A.makingcomplaintsB.gettingsupportsC.makingfriendsD.experiencingsocialanxiety問題5選項A.Menseldomsharetheiremotionallifeonit.B.Mentrytogetsupporttohisworkonline.C.Menarecreativeinwriting,artandthinking.D.Mentendtomaketheircreativeworkknown.5.單選題______wehaveallthematerialsready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.問題1選項A.GrantedthatB.IfonlyC.BynowD.Nowthat6.單選題

______theprecisequalitiesoftheheroinliteraryworksmayvaryovertime,theelementaryfunctionsoftheheroseemstoremainconstant.問題1選項A.WhateverB.EventhoughC.InspiteofD.Regardless7.單選題Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged__21__overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’s,especiallyincreasedattentionhasbeendevotedto__22__thereadingprocess.__23__specialistsagreethatreading__24__acomplexorganizationofhighermental__25__,theydisagree__26__theexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexperts,whoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds,__27__readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand__28__.Theseauthorities__29__thatmeaning,beingconcernedwiththinking,mustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.Othersmaintainthatreadingis__30__relatedtothinking,andthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout__31__theirmeaningisnottrulyreading.Thereader,__32__someisnotjustapersonwithatheoreticalabilitytoreadbutonewho__33__reads.Manyadults,althoughtheyhavetheabilitytoread,haveneverreadabookinits__34__.Bysomeexpertstheywouldnotbe__35__asreaders.Clearly,thephilosophy,objectives,methodsandmaterialsofreadingwilldependonthedefinitiononeuses.Bythemost__36__andsatisfactorydefinition,readingistheabilityto__37__thesound-symbolcodeofthelanguage,tointerpretmeaningforvarious__38__,atvariousrates,andatvariouslevelsofdifficulty,andtodo__39_widelyandenthusiastically.__40__,readingistheinterpretationofideasthroughtheuseofsymbolsrepresentingsoundsandideas.問題1選項A.substantivelyB.substantiallyC.substitutivelyD.subjectively問題2選項A.defineanddescribeB.definitionanddescriptionC.defininganddescribingD.havedefinedanddescribed問題3選項A.AlthoughB.IfC.UnlessD.Until問題4選項A.involvestoB.involvesC.isinvolvedD.involvesof問題5選項A.opinionsB.effectsC.mannersD.functions問題6選項A.ofB.aboutC.forD.into問題7選項A.viewB.lookC.reassureD.agree問題8選項A.byB.toC.offD.for問題9選項A.contentB.contendC.contemptD.contact問題10選項A.inexplicablyB.inexpressiblyC.inextricablyD.inexpediently問題11選項A.interpretingB.sayingC.explainingD.reading問題12選項A.likeB.forexampleC.accordingtoD.asto問題13選項A.sometimesB.mightC.practicalD.actually問題14選項A.entireB.entiretyC.entirelyD.entity問題15選項A.classedB.grantedC.classifiedD.graded問題16選項A.inclusiveB.inclinableC.conclusiveD.complicated問題17選項A.breakupB.elaborateC.defineD.unlock問題18選項A.purposesB.degreesC.stagesD.steps問題19選項A.suchB.soasC.soD.suchas問題20選項A.BythewayB.InshortC.SofarD.Ontheotherhand8.單選題Itiseasytounderstandthatthethickertheseamis,______togetthecoaloutoftheground.問題1選項A.itischeaperB.thecheaperC.itismorecheapD.thecheaperitis9.單選題“Morehaste,lessspeed”issayingtwooppositethings.問題1選項A.aneppeB.aquestC.aparadoxD.aclue10.單選題Hisover-enthusiasticsupportforthefootballteamdrovehiswifecrazyandirritatedhisfriends.問題1選項A.financialB.fantasticC.fanaticalD.fabulous11.單選題IntheOsagetribeofOklahoma,beadedbelts______whoheldahighsocialstatus.問題1選項A.onlybywomenwerefashionedB.bywomenwerefashionedonlyC.werefashionedonlybywomenD.werebywomenfashionedonly12.單選題ThedecisionoftheSupremeCourt,wasthatthegovernmenthaduseditspowertooliberallyundertheSmithAct.問題1選項A.broadlyB.expensivelyC.deceptivelyD.freely13.問答題Directions:Inthispartthereisapagefromthelocaltelephonedirectorygivinginformationaboutvariousservices.Readthefollowingsituationsanddecidewhichnumberyouwouldtelephone.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.INSTANTCALLGUIDEDirectoryAssistanceForunknown,newandalterednumbers……………019Local……………...019International…………………055FaultsandServiceDifficultiesLocal……………088International…………………044BusinessCustomerFaults…………………...008OperatorConnectedCallsFromaprivatephone…………..076Fromapayphone…………………042Chargeenquiries………………….066InternationalTelegrams……………………...093Wakeup/remindercalls……………………...012Telephonebillenquiries………………...……17489Example:Youwanttohaveamorningcall.Answer:01266.Youwanttosendaninternationaltelegram.________________________________________________________________________67.Youaretryingtocalllocallybutthetelephoneisnotworkingproperly.________________________________________________________________________68.Youwanttoknowhowmuchitwillcosttotelephoneyourhomecountry.________________________________________________________________________69.Youhavetotelephoneyourlocalkindergartenbutyoudonotknowthenumber.________________________________________________________________________70.Yourinternationalphonecallwascutoffwhileyouwerespeaking.________________________________________________________________________14.單選題Thedebateovertheenvironmentalcrisisisnotnew:anxietyaboutindustry’simpactontheenvironmenthasexistedforoveracentury.Whatisnewistheextremepolarizationofviews.Mountingevidenceofhumanity’scapacitytodamagetheenvironmentirreversiblycoupledwithsuspicionsthatgovernment,industry,andevensciencemightbeimpotenttopreventenvironmentaldestructionhaveprovokedaccusatorypolemicsonthepartofenvironmentalists.Inturn,thesepolemicshaveelicitedacorrespondingbacklashfromindustry.Thesadeffectofthispolarizationisthatitisnowevenmoredifficultforindustrythanitwasahundredyearsagotorespondappropriatelytoimpactanalysesthatdemandaction.Unliketoday’sadversaries,earlierecologicalreformerssharedwithadvocatesofindustrialgrowthaconfidenceintimelycorrectiveaction.GeorgeP.Marsh’spioneeringconservationtractManandNature(1864)elicitedwideacclaimwithoutembittereddenials.ManandNaturecastigatedEarth’sdespoilersforheedlessgreed,declaringthathumanity“hasbroughtthefaceoftheEarthtodesolationalmostascompleteasthatoftheMoon.”ButnoentrepreneurorindustrialistsoughttorefuteMarsh’saccusationstodefendtheguttingofforestsortheslaughterofwildlifeaseconomicallyessentialortodismisshisecologicalwarningsashysterical.Tothecontrary,theygenerallyagreedwithhim.Why?Marshandhisfollowerstookenvironmentalimprovementandeconomicprogressasgivens;theydisputednotthedesirabilityofconqueringnaturebutthebunglingwayinwhichtheconquestwascarriedout.Blamewasnotpersonalized.Marshdenouncedgeneralgreedratherthanparticularentrepreneurs,andthemediadidnothoundmalefactors.Further,correctivemeasuresseemedtoentailnosacrificetodemandnodraconianremedies.Self-interestunderwrotemostprescribedreforms.Marsh’semphasisonfuturestewardshipwasthenawidelyacceptedideal(ifnotpractice).HisecologicaladmonitionswereinkeepingwiththeEnlightenmentpremisethathumanity’smissionwastosubdueandtransformnature.Notuntilthe1960sdidagloomierperspectivegainpopularground.FredericClements’equilibriummodelofecologydevelopedinthe1930sseemedconsistentwithmountingenvironmentaldisasters.Inthisview,naturewasmostfruitfulwhenleastaltered.Leftundisturbed,floraandfaunagraduallyattainedmaximumdiversityandstability.Despoliationthwartedtheculminationorshortenedthedurationofthisbeneficentclimax:technologydidnotimprovenaturebutdestroyedit.Theequilibriummodelbecameanecologicalmystique:environmentalinterferencewasnowtaboo,wildernessadored.Natureasunfinishedfabricperfectedbyhumaningenuitygavewaytotheimagenaturedebasedandendangeredbytechnology.IncontrasttotheEnlightenmentvisionofnature,accordingtowhichrationalmanagersconstructanevermoreimprovedenvironment,twentieth-centuryreformers’visionofnaturecallsforareductionofhumaninterferenceinordertorestoreenvironmentalstability.61.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelystatesthemainideaofthepassage?62.Theauthorreferstotheequilibriummodelofecologyasan“ecologicalmystique”(line1,lastparagraph)mostlikelyinordertodowhichoneofthefollowing?63.WhichoneofthefollowingpracticesismostclearlyanapplicationofFredericClements’equilibriummodelofecology?64.ThepassagesuggeststheGeorgeP.Marshandtoday’secologicalreformerswouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichoneofthefollowingstatements?65.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithwhichoneofthefollowing?問題1選項A.Mountingevidenceofhumanity’scapacitytodamagetheenvironmentshouldmotivateactiontopreventfurtherdamage.B.TheecologicalmystiqueidentifiedwithFredericClementshasbecomeareligiousconvictionamongecologicalreformers.C.Theviewsofecologistsandindustrialgrowthadvocatesconcerningtheenvironmenthaveonlyrecentlybecomepolarized.D.GeorgeP.Marsh’sideasaboutconservationandstewardshiphaveheavilyinfluencedthepresentdebateovertheenvironment.問題2選項A.Expressappreciationforhowplantsandanimalsattainmaximumdiversityandstabilitywhenleftalone.B.Pointoutthattheequilibriummodelofecologyhasrecentlybeensupportedbyempiricalscientificresearch.C.Underscorethefervorwithwhichtwentieth-centuryreformersadheretotheequilibriummodel.D.Indicatethattheideasoftwentieth-centuryecologicalreformersareoftensotheoreticalastobedifficulttounderstand.問題3選項A.Introducingaspeciesintoanenvironmenttowhichitisnotnativetohelpcontrolthespreadofanotherspeciesthatnolongerhasanynaturalpredators.B.Settingareasoflandasidetobemaintainedaswildernessfromwhichtheuseorextractionofnaturalresourcesisprohibited.C.Usingscientificmethodstoincreasesthestabilityofplantsandanimalsinareaswherespeciesareindangerofbecomingextinct.D.Developingincentivesforindustriestotakecorrectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.問題4選項A.Regulatingindustriesinordertoprotecttheenvironmentdoesnotconflictwiththeself-interestofthoseindustries.B.Solvingtheenvironmentalcrisisdoesnotrequiredrasticandcostlyremedies.C.Environmentalimprovementandeconomicprogressareequallyimportantgoals.D.HumandespoliationoftheEarthhascausedwidespreadenvironmentaldamage.問題5選項A.Outliningthebackgroundanddevelopmentofconflictingviewpointsinacurrentdebate.B.Explaininghowconflictingviewpointsinacurrentdebateareequallyvalid.C.Determiningwhichoftwoconflictingviewpointsinacurrentdebateismorepersuasive.D.Providingexamplesofpossiblesolutionstoacurrentcrisis.15.單選題______equallybetweenschoolandtelevisionstudios,shewasbusylearninglineswhileherfriendsarehookingonlines.問題1選項A.WithtimetobesplitB.HertimebeingsplitC.WithhertimebeingsplitD.Timewassplit第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】考查介詞辨析。A項to“對，向”，B項in“在……里”；C項with“和”，D項for“為了，因為”。totheeffectthat表示“大意是，意思是”；句意：馬丁不時的談論，大意是說他是個出色的科學家，精通心理學。故正確答案為A。2.【答案】第1題:C第2題:C第3題:B第4題:A第5題:B【解析】56.【試題答案】C【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“這篇文章可以最好的描述為在做下列哪一種事情？”。通讀全文可知，都在從各個角度講述贗品其實是另外一件藝術品這樣一個復雜的問題，作者認為雖然創(chuàng)造者的動機是欺騙性的，但是這件藝術品本身的特質是另外一回事；而且在文中作者舉了相關的例子加以說明，例如第二段第二句InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.（在羅馬帝國時期，人們對收藏早期希臘藝術品有著廣泛的興趣，因此也熱衷于偽造藝術品。毫無疑問，現(xiàn)在作為“羅馬復制品”展出的許多雕塑最初被冒充為希臘雕塑）提到，羅馬的藝術品很多是希臘當時的仿造品，但是現(xiàn)在仍然被視為珍寶。通過分析，C項“探索一個復雜的問題”符合題意。A項“調和不同的觀點”，文中沒有提到不同的觀點；B項“記錄某一現(xiàn)象的演變”，文中也沒有記錄贗品現(xiàn)象的演變；D項“提倡新方法”不符合文章大意。因此該題選C。57.【試題答案】C【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“下列哪個選項最好地表達了作者的主要觀點？”。根據文章的第一段Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal？Andthetextbeginsbynothingavarietyofpossibilitiessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Theseincludeworksbyanartist’sfollowersinthestyleofthemaster,deliberatearchaism,copyingforpedagogicalpurposes,andtheproductionofcommercialfacsimiles.（事實上，它可能同樣被命名為“原創(chuàng)？”；而且這篇文章一開始就沒有任何可能性介于這兩個極端之間；其中包括大師風格的追隨者的作品、有意的古語、為教學目的的復制以及商業(yè)復制品的生產）可知，一件藝術品在各種情況下都沒有可能性確定是贗品，所以C項“在各種各樣的情況下，很難確定一件藝術品是否可以被恰當地稱為贗品”符合題意。A項“一件藝術品是否贗品并不重要，重要的是它是否有藝術價值”，根據最后一段第二句ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.（當收藏家認為一件物品的真?zhèn)稳Q于它的功能時，很多非洲藝術品都是如此）可知，一件藝術品的重要之處還在于它的功能，A項片面，所以不選；B項“有可能證明一件藝術品是贗品，但無法最終證明一件藝術品的真?zhèn)巍保闹刑岬經]有任何可能證明一件藝術品是贗品，B項錯誤；D項“藝術造假在歷史上和幾乎每一種文化中都屢見不鮮”，選項本身沒有錯誤，但是這不是文章主要的內容，文章主要是討論贗品和藝術品的之間的區(qū)別和關系。因此該題選C。58.【試題答案】B【試題解析】細節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“除了哪一項之外，作者至少為下列每一項提供了一個例子？”。A項“既非完全贗品也非完全原創(chuàng)的藝術類別”，根據文章第一段ThequestionmarkinthetitleofMarkJones’sFake？TheActofDeceptionrevealsthestudy’sbroaderconcerns.Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal？（馬克?瓊斯的《贗品：欺騙的藝術》一書，標題中的問號揭示了該研究更廣泛的擔憂。事實上，它可能同樣被命名為“原創(chuàng)?”）可知，A項有所提及；B項“當代藝術家的作品激發(fā)了贗品的創(chuàng)作靈感”，文中沒有相關提及的例子；根據第二段第一句fakingfeedsonthemanydifferentmotivespeoplehaveforcollectingart,andthat,onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes.（造假會助長人們收藏藝術品的多種不同動機，而且，總體而言，藝術收藏繁榮的時候，造假也就繁榮起來）可知，C項“這些品質是藝術收藏家在他們的藏品中所珍視的”和D項“偽造藝術盛行的文化”都有提及，只有B選項沒有提到。因此該題選B。59.【試題答案】A【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“作者暗示了下列哪一項是關于贗品的藝術價值？”。根據第二段第一句onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes（總體而言，藝術收藏繁榮的時候，造假也就繁榮起來）可知，贗品有沒有藝術價值，取決于藝術收藏是否盛行，所以A項“一件贗品本身可能有也可能沒有藝術價值，與它的生產環(huán)境無關”符合題意。B項“一個贗品是否有藝術價值，取決于它的創(chuàng)作者是否作為一個藝術家完成”，根據第二段InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.（在羅馬帝國時期，人們對收藏早期希臘藝術品有著廣泛的興趣，因此也熱衷于偽造藝術品；毫無疑問，現(xiàn)在作為“羅馬復制品”展出的許多雕塑最初被冒充為希臘雕塑）可知，一個贗品是否有價值和它的創(chuàng)作者是不是藝術家無關，B項錯誤；C項“贗品的藝術價值取決于激發(fā)贗品靈感的原作的價值”，最后一段第二句提到ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.（當收藏家認為一件物品的真?zhèn)稳Q于它的功能時，很多非洲藝術品都是如此），由此可知贗品的藝術價值也可以取決于它的功能；D項“一件贗品只有在欺騙成功的情況下才可以說是有藝術價值的”，內容與文章不符。因此該題選A。60.【試題答案】B【試題解析】細節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“根據文章最后一段所描述的標準，下列哪項會被認為是可信的？”。文章中最后一段第二句指出ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.（當收藏家認為一件物品的真?zhèn)稳Q于它的功能時，很多非洲藝術品都是如此），由此可知只有當收藏家是基于它的功能而把它視為藝術的時候，它才是真的；所以B項“現(xiàn)代重建的中世紀祭壇作品，為在禮拜儀式中發(fā)揮其傳統(tǒng)作用而設計的”符合題意。A項“古希臘雕塑的古羅馬復制品”不是最后一段的內容；C項“由原畫作者簽名的一幅畫的復制品”和D項“一幅由文藝復興時期的大師開始，在他死后由他的助手完成的畫”在文中沒有相關的出處。因此該題選B。3.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:C第4題:B第5題:C【解析】41.【試題答案】C【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“這篇文章的主題是什么？”。根據文章首段Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesafriendlypeople.Theirfriendships,however,tendtobeshorterandmorecasualthanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.ItisnotuncommonforAmericanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlifetime,andconsiderother“‘‘friends”tobejustsocialacquaintances.ThisattitudeprobablyhassomethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotliketobedependentonotherpeople.（美國人通常認為自己是一個友好的民族