大學英語四級模擬試卷PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewson“toomuchcarespoilsachild”,Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A)Itisreallynicetochangethem.B)Theyoughttohavebeenchangedlongago.C)Theyareofwrongcolors.D)Theyarestillquitegood.2.A)Mixed.C)Enthusiastic.B)Fascinated.D)Disinterested.3.A)Waituntiltheweathergetsbetter.C)Walkaroundthecityrightnow.B)Gotovisittheparktomorrow.D)Enjoythesnowsceneinthepark.4.A)He’llstartanewbusinessinproperties.B)Hehasbeenleftpropertythere.C)He’smadeafortunefromhisaunt.D)Hisauntwantshiscompanythere.5.A)Theydidn’tattendtheliteratureclass.B)TheyaskedProf.Lanethesamequestion.C)Theyknewtheassignmentoftheliteratureclass.D)Theyknewtheanswertothequestion.6.A)Hehasalreadydecidedonhisfutureplan.B)Hewouldconsultthewomanifnecessary.C)Hedoesn’twanttoconsultthewomanatall.D)Hedoesn’thaveanyideawhattodointhefuture.7.A)Shewantstogetenoughfoodfortheholidayperiod.B)ThesupermarketisclosingdownaftertheNewYear’sDay.C)Themanisgoingtohelpherwithshopping.D)TomorrowistheonlydaysheisfreebeforetheNewYear’sDay.8.A)ThewomanisgoodatEnglishandcomputing.B)Thewomanisnotcapableofthejobadvertised.C)Themanisrefusingthewoman’sapplication.D)Englishandcomputerskillsareessentialforthejob.Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)Dotheinteriordecoration.C)Buythematerials.B)Makeashoppinglist.D)Makeadesignofthedecoration.10.A)Makeaschedulefortheirdecoration.B)Gettingeverythingneededpurchasedononetrip.C)Betheweekendfightsthroughpurchasing.D)Goshoppingasearlyaspossible.11.A)Havetheinteriordecorationdonebythemselves.B)Goshoppingtogethertomakeitasexpected.C)Buybuildingmaterialsatdifferentdepartments.D)Makeadetailedplanandallocatetheshoppinglist.12.A)Hethinksheistootiredtodoit.B)Hedoesnotcareaboutit.C)Hewantstochangeit.D)Heagreeswithit.Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A)Itisveryhotoutsidetheroom.B)Theairconditionermakestheroomhot.C)Hefedthepigjustnow.D)Hedidmorningexercisejustnow.14.A)It’scoolandwet.C)It’scoolanddryB)It’shotandwet.D)It’shotanddry.15.A)Dothehouseworkforher.B)Giveawintercoattoher.C)Getheracupofhottea.D)Getheraglassoficedtea.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theygavetheirchildrenpost-gamemeals.B)Theyprovideenoughnutritionfortheirchildren.C)Theyusuallyvisittheirchildrenafterthegames.D)Theywereinterestedinthechildren’ssportsactivities.17.A)Toprovideenoughnutrition.B)Tosupplementthebody.C)Tomeettheirgrowingneed.D)Tomakethemgrowfaster.18.A)Itmakesthemlessactive.B)Itmakesthemlesshealthy.C)Itmakesthemfatterandfatter.D)Itmakesthemlazierthanbefore.19.A)Theyshouldgivethemenoughfood.B)Theyshouldgivethemhealthyfood.C)Theyshouldadvisetheirchildrentohavehealthymeals.D)Theyshouldadvisetheirchildrentohavemoremeals.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.20.A)Toexpresstheirreligiousbeliefandactivities.B)Tomemorizetheimportantpeopleintheirlife.C)Todescribetheirdailylifevividly.D)Tosymbolizeobjects,conceptsandsounds.21.A)Itwascomplicatedbecauseofthepicturesmagicpower.B)Itwasaweirdlanguagewhichonlyafewpeopleunderstood.C)ItwasmorerelevanttopicturesthantoEgyptianwords.D)Itwasusedbycertainpeoplewhounderstoodthemagicpower.22.A)TheEgyptianalphabet.C)TheRomanalphabet.B)TheGreekalphabet.D)TheMediterraneanalphabet.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Theymadetoolswithspecialinstruments.C)Theymadetoolsoutofanimalskin.B)Theymadetoolsoutofwoodfirst.D)Theymadetoolsoutofstonesfirst.24.A)Stonechipshavebeenusedforthousandsofyears.B)Siliconchipshavebeenusedforhundredofyears.C)Stonechipshavechangedpeople’slifedramatically.D)Siliconchipshavechangedpeople’slifedramatically.25.A)Anintroductiontotwokindsoftools.B)Theoriginofthesiliconchips.C)Thewayancientpeoplemadetools.D)Thechangesbroughtaboutbytools.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Accomplishedteachersofworldlanguagesarekeenlyawarethatyoungpeoplelearninvariousways.Theyusedtheirknowledgeofchildrenin26andprovidingappropriateinstructiontotheirstudents.Theyrecognizeandmakeprofessionalaccommodationsfor27instudents’agelevels,cognitive,physical,andmotordevelopment,gender,multipleintelligence,andlearningstyles.Attitudealso28instudentsuccess.Studentswithlowself-esteemorlittleconfidenceabouttheirabilitytolearnanotherlanguagemightbenefitfromextraencouragementfromtheteacher.Ofcourse,allstudentscanbenefitfrompositiveteacherfeedback.Teachersmighthavestudents29sothattheycanalsobenefitfromthehelpandpositivereinforcementoftheirpeers.Studentswhoare30andconfidentmightworkwellindependently,usingcomputersoftware,Thosewhoteachyoungchildrenknowtheimportanceofworkingat31levels;studentsmightlearntotelltime32.Asmaturestudents,teachersneedtoprovidemoreabstractandanalyticalchallenges.Teachersshouldbeawarethatpersonalizingthelanguageexperienceishelpfultostudentsbecausemanystudentswilltalk33aboutthemselvesandtheirexperiences.Teachersrecognizethatprovidinglearningexperiencesintheaffectivefieldbyencourageopen-endedpersonalexpressionissvaluablewayof34students’cognitiveability,culturalunderstanding,andlinguistic35.Teachersprovidearangeofmeaningful,interesting,andpersonallyrelevantinstructionforstudentsatalllevelsofdevelopmentforability.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforeaskingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Weallliketofeelneeded.Butnewresearchsuggestshaveasenseofpurposeisgoodforourhealth,too.Inastudyof7,000people,thosewiththestrongestsenseofdirectioninlifewereover70percentlesslikelytosufferastroke.Theresearcher

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forotheraggravatingfactorssuchasbloodpressureandalcoholuseandbelievethe

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comesthroughregulatingtheimmunesystem.Ithasbeenlongthoughtthat

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meaningfulactivityafterretirementisimportantforphysicalandmentalhealth—whichoftendeclines

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soonafterretirement.Whilepastresearchfocusedonthe

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effectsofnegativepsychologicaltraits,suchasdepressionandanxiety,newresearchisinvestigatinghowpositivetraits,suchas

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,protectagainstillness.Intherecentstudy,menandwomenaged50andoverwere

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forfourtofiveyearsandcompletedpsychologicaltestswhileresearchersrecordedstrokes.Theresultsshowthatthehighersomeone’ssenseofpurpose,thelowertheirriskofastroke.Thosewiththegreatestsenseofpurposewere73%percentlesslikelytosufferastrokecomparedtothosewiththelowest.Otherresearchhasshownthatpositivemoodcanlowerlevelsofthestresshormonecortisol(荷爾蒙皮質(zhì)醇),also43

instroke.“Thisissignigicantaswehavea(n)

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populationandithelpsshowwhatbehaviourspreventpeoplefromgettingill,”saysCaryCooper,professorofhealthpsychologyatLancasterUniversity.“Maybe

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isnotgoodforsome.”A)accountedI)implicatedB)ageingJ)optimismC)ambitionK)outstandingD)damagingL)pursuingE)decreasingM)retirementF)dramaticallyN)searchedG)effectO)trackedH)graduallySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.TheEndoftheBook?A)ThecoldsnapinMarchcouldleadtoBritain’sgassuppliesrunningoutnextmonth,forcingthenationtopayhigherpricesforfuelfromelsewhere,asthedemandincreasedquicklyduringthecoldestMarchin50years.ForecastssuggestthatgassuppliesintheUKwillbeexhaustedby8April,requiringBritaintoturntoimportsfromNorwayandRussia.ThewarningcameonthedayScottishandSouthernEnergy,oneoftheUK’sbiggestpowersuppliers,warnedtherecouldbeelectricityblackoutsinthecountrywhiningthreeyears.Alackofgasstoragefacilities,andrapidreductionattheUK’sNorthSeagasfields,hasledtoUKhavingaslittleastwodays’supplyofthefuelinreserve.B)Thoughexpertshavewarnedoftheproblemforyears,andthegovernmenthaschampioneda“dashforgas”thatwouldseeamassiveriseindemandforthefuel,littlehasbeendonetoincreasestoragefacilities.C)IanMarchant,chiefexecutiveofSSE(ScottishandSouthernEnergy),saidthereisa“veryriskofthelightsgoingout”withthenextthreeyears.SSEintendstoshuttingdownpowerplants,enoughtohavesupplied2millionhomes,asthestationsareeitherunecomonicorcomingtotheendoftheirlives.Otherfirmsarealsoplanningtotakepowerstationsoutofservice,includingtheUK’sfleetofageingnuclearreactors,increasingtheriskthatdemandforelectricitywillexceedtheavailablesupply.Marchantsaid:“Itappearsthegovernmentissignificantlyunderestimatingthescaleofthecapacitycrunch(危急情況)facingtheUKinthenextthreeyearsandthereisaveryrealriskofthelightsgoingoutasaresult.”D)HiscommentsfollowwarningsbyAlistairBuchanan,thedepartingchiefofOfgem(OfficeoftheGasandElectricityMarkets),thatpowershortageswillbemanytimesmorelikelyinthenextfiveyears.Governmentestimatessuggestthatenergybillcouldriseby￡100ayearthiswinter.ThewarningsareaparticularblowtoGeorgeOsbome,thechancellor(大臣)，whohaschampionedanew“dashforgas”intheUK,thatwouldseegastakeoverasthedominatfuelintheUK’spowergenerationmarket.MuchofthegeneratingcapacitythatSSEplanstoretireconsistsofgas-firedpowerstations,thoughtherecentbudgethasgiventaxbreaksforshalegas(頁巖氣)extractionintheUKandindicatedwhatcouldbethebiggestexpansionofUKgas-firedpowerinageneration.E)SSEsaidgas-firedpowerwasuneconomicbecauseofthefuel’shighpricecomparedwiththecoal.ThemovebySSEhighlightsthedisputesoverenergypolicyandenergygeneration,followingupheavals（激變）intheinternationalmarketsforfossilfuels.Italsobringintoquestionwhethertargetstocutcarbondioxidecanbemet.F)AndrewPendleton,headofcampaignsatFriendsoftheEarth,saidenergyfirmsweretryingtoholdthegovernmenttoransom(贖金)bythreateningpowercutthatwouldhelpthemextractconcessionstogetfinancialbenefits.TheUKhasonlysixbigenergysupplierstohouseholds,whichcampaignerssayreducescompetitionandraisesprices.G)CoalhasbecomemuchcheaperbecauseoftheuseoffossilfuelintheUSinthepastfiveyears,whereamassiveincreaseinthesupplyofcheapgasisattributedtothecontroversialmethodofblastingdenserocksapartunderhighpressure.ThecoalthatwouldhavebeenburnedintheUSisnowavailableoninternationalmarketsatcut-price,andnowbecome“thepreferredfuel”,accordingtoSSE.H)Thatistheoppositeofwhatthegovernment,andtheEUintendedbytheirenergypoliciesinthepastdecade.Coalwassupposedtobecomemoreexpensivethangas,becauseoftheEU’emissionstradingscheme,whichputsapriceoncarbonemissions.Thathasnothappened,becauseflawswithinthesystemmeansthepriceofcarbonisnearanall-timelow,meaningcoal-firedpowerstationsarenotpenalizedfortheireffectontheclimate.I)Marchanturgedthegovernmenttobringforwardreformsfavoringgas.“governmentcanreducethisriskofpowercutsveryeasily,bytakingswiftactiontoprovidemuchgreaterclarityonitselectricitymarketreforms.”J)Anenergybillisunderdiscussionbyparliamentatthemoment.SSE’swarningsweredismissedbygreencampaignersas“anattempttoforcethegovernment’shand”.Pendletonsaid:“theriskisthatthesecompaniesareholdingustoransom,inordertomaketheenvironmentmorefavorabletotheirformsofgeneration.Thereisalotatstakehere.Basingourenergystrategyongasratherthancleanformsofenergysuchasrenewablemeanswecouldbeheldtoransommoreandmoreinthefutureinthisway.Itcoulddoahugeamountofharm.”K)Thegovernmentrebuffed(拒絕)theclaimsfromSSE.JohnHayes,ministerforenergy,said:“wearealivetothechallengefacingus.ThebillbeforeparliamentwillsettheconditionsoffortheinvestmentneededtokeepBritain’slightsoninthelong-term.Theamountofsparepoweravailabletodayiscurrentlycomfortable.Asoldinfrastructure（基礎設施）closesoverthecomingyearsweexpectthismargintoreducebutwewillmakesureitstaysmanageable.”L)MostoftheUK’snuclearpowerplantsareplannedforclosureby2022,andmanycoal-firedstationsmustbeclosedorrunatreducedcapacitywiththenextfewyearsbecauseofEUrulesonpollution.M)Expertshavewarnedforyearsofalooming“energygap”betweendemandandsupply.Thebuildingofwindfarmsandotherformsofrenewableenergy,whichweresupposedtofillthegap,hasbeenbelowexpectations,inpartduetoplanninglaws.Hayessaid:“wearenotcomplacent(沾沾自喜)aboutthis…Weareconfidentinourapproachandintheresponsivenessofthemarketinprovidingsecurepowersupplies.”JossGarman,politicaldirectorofGreenpeace,said:“Notcontentwiththeprofitstheyaremakingfromsky-highenergybillsthegasindustrynowseemstobetryingtoholdeverybodytoransom-‘giveusevenmoreofyourcashorwe’llturnoutthelights’.”N)Cheapcoalandthecollapseofthecarbonpricehavemadegasburninglessprofitable,butthat’sthereasontobanunabated(為減弱)coalburningandreformthecarbonmarket,nottogivehandoutstothebigsixenergycompanies.“Gas-firedgenerationshouldonlybealast-ditchbackupforrenewableenergysources,andministersshouldprioritiessupportforinterconnectors,storage,andcombinedheatandpowerstationsthatwouldcomplimentrenewablesandguaranteeswehavesecurepower.”46.ManyoftheUK’snuclearpowerplantsandcoal-firedstationsareplannedtobeshutdownduetoEUrulesonpollution.47.TheshutdownofpowerplantsatScottishandSouthernEnergywillcausetheelectricityshortageof2millionhomes.48.TheEUputsapriceoncarbonemissionsinitsemissionstradingscheme.49.AccordingtoSSE,gas-firedpowerwasnoteconomic,becausegaswasmoreexpensivethancoal.50.TheUKhadtoimportfuelfromothercountriesathigherprices,becausethecoldweatherraisedthedemandforit.51.AndrewPendletonthoughttheenergyfirm’spurposeofthreateningpowercutwastogetfinancialbenefits.52.TheparliamentoftheUKisdiscussinganenergybillatthepresenttime.53.Thesuddendecreaseofthecarbonpriceandcheapcoalhascausedgasburningtobelessprofitable.54.The“dashforgas”wouldmakegasbecomethedominantfuelinBritain’spowergenerationmarket.55.Byblastingdenserocksapartunderhighpressure,theUScanhaveanincreasinglylargesupplyofcheapgas.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatmakesagroupintelligent?Youmightthinkagroup’sIQwouldbesimplytheaverageintelligenceofthegroup’smembers,orperhapstheintelligenceoftheteam’ssmartestparticipant.Butresearcherswhostudygroupshavefoundthatthisisn’tso.Rather,agroup’sintelligenceemergesfromtheinteractionsthatgoonwithinthegroup.Ateam’sintelligencecanbemeasured,andlikeanindividual’sIQscore,itcanaccuratelypredicttheteam’sperformanceonawidevarietyoftasks.Andjustasanindividual’sintelligenceisexpandable,agroup’sintelligencecanalsobeincreased.Herearefivesuggestionsonhowtoguidethedevelopmentofsmartteams:Chooseteammemberscarefully,Thesmartestgroupsarecomposedofpeoplewhoaregoodatreadingoneanother’ssocialcues,accordingtoastudyledbyCarnegieMellonUniversityprofessorAnitaWilliamsWoolleyandpublishedinthejournalScience.Talkaboutthe“how”.Manymembersofteamsdon'tliketospendtimetalkingabout“process”,preferringtogetrightdowntowork—butWoolleynotesthatgroupswhotakethetimetodiscusshowtheywillworktogetherareultimatelymoreefficientandeffective.Sharethefloor:Inthemostintelligentteams,foundWoolley,memberstaketurnsspeaking.Participantswhodominatethediscussionorwhohangbackanddon’tsaymuchbringdown,theintelligenceofthegroup.AlexSandyPentland,anMITprofessorwhostudiesgroupdynamics,hasfoundthatinsmartteams,membersconnectdirectlywithoneanother-notjustwiththeteamleader-andthey’reconstantlyengagingin“backchannel”orsideconversationsthatsupplementthemaindiscussion.Boostinformalsocialconnectionsamongmembers.Thesmartestteamsspendalotoftimecommunicatingoutsideofformalmeetings,sayPentland.Hetellsofacallcenterwhereteammembers’coffeebreakswerestaggeredacrosstheworkday.Changingtheschedulesothatallmembershadacoffeebreakatthesametimeledthemtodotheirworkmoreefficientlyandfeelmoresatisfiedwiththeirjobs.Beopentoexternalinfluences.Inthemostsuccessfulgroups,Pentlanddiscoveredteammembersregularlytakeoffontheirowntoexploreanddiscover.Theythembringthatinformationbacktothegroup,stimulatethegroup’sworkwithfreshinsightsfromtheworldoutsidetheconferenceroom..56.Whatdowelearnaboutagroup’sIQ?A)Itequalsthetotalintelligenceofthegroupmembers.B)Itdeterminestheinteractionsamongthegroupmembers.C)Itcanhelpmeasureanindividual’sIQscoreinthegroup.D)Itcanhelppredictthegroup’sperformanceonvarioustasks.57.WhatdoesAnitaWilliamsWoolleysayaboutthemembersofsmartteams?A)Theyarecarefullyinchoosingteammembers.B)Theyknowclearlyaboutoneanother’ssocialstatus.C)Theypayattentiontodiscussingtheteam’sworkprocess.D)Theyaremorelikelytogetworkdoneimmediately.58.AccordingtoAlexSandyPentland,agroup’sintelligence______?A)canbeexpandedbythedominatorofthegroupdiscussionB)canbebroughtdownwiththeabsenceoftheteamleaderC)canbeincreasedbymembers’engagementinsideconversationsD)isrelatedtomember’sdirectcontactwitheachother.59.WhatcanbeinferredfromthecaseofacallcentertoldbyPentland?A)Coffeebreaksshouldbeguaranteedtoteammembersacrosstheworkday.B)Informalsocialcontactsamongmembersestablishmoreefficientwork.C)Teamleaders’informalmeetingswithmembersshouldbecancelled.D)Coffeebreaksmakemembersmoreefficientandsatisfiedwiththeirjobs.60.By“Beopentoexternalinfluences”(Line1,Para.7),theauthorsuggests_____.A)teammembersexploreanddiscoverindependentlyC)teamleadersimprovetheteam’sworkwithfreshideasB)teamabsorbnewinsightsfromtheworldoutsidethemeetingroomD)teamsregularlybrainstormoutsidetheconferenceroomPassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Expertsinthefoodindustryarethinkingalotabouttrashthesedays.Foodwastehasbeenaseriousproblemforrestaurantsandgrocerystores-withmillionsoftonslostalongthewayascropsarehauledhundredsofmiles,storedforweeksinrefrigeratorsandpreparedonbusyrestaurantassemblylines.Restaurants,college,hospitalsandotherinstitutionsarecompensatingfortherisingcostsofwasteinnovelways.“Wehaveallcometoworkwiththisbigelephantinthemiddleofthekitchen,andtheelephantisthis‘It’sokaytowaste’sbeliefsystem,”saidAndrewShackman,presidentofLeanPath,acompanythathelpsrestaurantscutbackfoodwaste.FreshmanstudentsatVirginiaTechweresurprisedthisyearwhentheyenteredtwoofthecampus’sbiggestdininghallstofindtherewerenocafeteriatrays.“Youhavetogobackandgetyourdeal.Youandyourdrink,butit’snotthatdifferent,”saidCaitlinMewborn,afreshman.“It’snotabigdeal.Youtakelessfood,andyoudon’teatmorethanyoushould.”Gettingridoftrayshascutfoodwasteby38percentatthecafeterias,saidDennyCochrane,managerofVirginiaTech’ssustainabilityprogram.Beforetheprogrambegan,studentsoftengrabbedwhateverlookedgoodatthebuffet(自助餐),onlytofindatthetablethattheireyeswerebiggerthantheirstomachs,hesaid.Thatsamephenomenonoftenhappensat