在努力工作了一整天后，我很早上床了。AfterIhadworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.havingdone狀語Ingforasadverbialfromthetext:Havingcollectedandevaluatedtheinformation,IhelpotherscientiststopredictwherelavafromtheVolcanowillflownext.2.Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.3.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice.4.Havingearliercollectedspecialclothesfromtheobservatory,weputthemonbeforewewentanycloser.5.Havingstudiedvolcanoesnowformanyyears,IamStillamazedattheirbeautyaswellastheirpotentialTocausegreatdamage.havingdone狀語Lookingcarefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice.The–ingformusedasanadverbialHaving+pastparticiple(theperfect-ingform)referringtoanactionthattookplacebeforethetimeexpressedbymainverbUsinglanguage:havingdone狀語

動詞-ing（現(xiàn)在分詞）作狀語V-ing作狀語時表示的動作是主語動作的一部分，與謂語表示的動作或狀態(tài)時同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生的，或是先于謂語動詞發(fā)生，它的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。V-ing作狀語常表示時間、條件、原因、方式、伴隨、讓步、結(jié)果，多用逗號跟句子其他成分隔開。Iwasfeelingtired.Iwenttobedearly.Iworkedhardallday.Iwenttobedearly.

Feelingtired,Iwenttobedearly.Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.havingdone狀語作時間狀語

Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.=WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.

作原因狀語Beingtired,Istoppedtotakearest.=BecauseIwastired,Istoppedtotakearest.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.

havingdone狀語作條件狀語Turningtotheleft,youwillfindtheschool.=Ifyouturntheleft,youwillfindtheschool.Ifyouworkhard,you'llsucceed.

=Workinghard,you'llsucceed.

作讓步狀語

KnowingwhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.=ThoughheknowswhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.havingdone狀語作伴隨狀語1.Istoodthere,waitingforher.=Istoodthere,andwaitedforher.2.Thechildrenlaughedandtalkedmerrily,andtheyranoutoftheroom.=Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.havingdone狀語表結(jié)果Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingheralargefortune.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftheralargefortune)全國到處在傳唱這首歌曲，使它成了一首最受歡迎的歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,_____________________________.makingitthemostpopularsonghavingdone狀語如V-ing表動作發(fā)生在謂語之前,則要用V-ing完成式:Having+P.P(過去分詞)..,主語+謂語

Having+been+P.P(過去分詞)…,..1.Aftershehadfinishedherwork,shewenthome.2.Aswehaveinvitedhimheretospeak,we’dbettergotohislecture.3.Aftertheclasshadbeencleaned，itwastidy

Havingfinishedherwork,shewenthome.Havinginvitedhimheretospeak,we’dbettergotohislecture.Havingbeencleaned,theclassroomwastidy.havingdone狀語AttentionPlease1.-ing形式作狀語時,它的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語是一致的。Timepermitting,Iwillpayavisittothewholecity.

(分詞的邏輯主語是time,而句子的主語是I,兩者不構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,所以只能用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),也就是給現(xiàn)在分詞補充一個主語。)havingdone狀語1.Addictinghimselftoplayingviolin,hedidn’tnoticethethiefenterthehouse.2.Addictedtoplayingviolin,hedidn’tnoticethethiefenterthehouse.Givenmoretime,we’lldoitbetter.-ing形式作狀語時,與邏輯主語必須是主動。若構(gòu)成被動，或表示狀態(tài)，則用-ed形式，如exposedto,bathedin,absorbedin,dressedin,lostin,trappedin,accustomedto,

havingdone狀語與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨立主格：

Asalltheticketshavebeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.=Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.

Iftimepermits,wewillgooutforapicnic.=

Timepermitting,we'llgooutforapicnic.havingdone狀語thisbeingmyexperience,Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。=Asthisismyexperience,Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem.=Thisismyexperience,soIstayedatthetopandwatchedthem.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由“名詞/代詞＋形容詞/副詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不定式/介詞短語/名詞/數(shù)詞”(非謂語)構(gòu)成，在句中可做條件狀語、時間狀語、原因狀語、伴隨狀語等。havingdone狀語Ifweatherpermits,we’llgooutforapicnic.Weather_________,we’llgooutforapicnic.Asthereisnobus,Iwalkedhome.There_____nobus,Iwalkedhome.Iwentbackhomewithworkfinished.Work_____,Iwentbackhome.如果給我們更多的時間，我們會做得更好。(表示條件)

There______anotherchance,hewilltryhisbest.

假如再有一次機會，他會盡力而為。Moretime_____,weshouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.

permittingbeingfinishedgivenbeinghavingdone狀語有時也可用with(without)+名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式

Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.1.Withtheteacher_________(assist)us,wecandoiteasily.2.Withwork___________(finish),theywillhavearest.3.Withallthework______(do),theywillhaveaHardtime.(7)作獨立成分：

Judgingfrom

(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanteacher.

從外表看，他一定是個老師。assistingfinishedtodohavingdone狀語

Grammarwork語法專練用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1.Not________(know)hisaddress,Icouldn’tgotoseehimyesterday.2.Lookoutforcarswhen_______(cross)thestreet.3.Not_________________(invite)totheparty,Marywasgreatlyhurt.knowingcrossinghavingbeeninvitedhavingdone狀語4.Hedivedintothewater,______(leave)onlyhisfaceexposed.5._______(take)adeepbreath,theydivedintothewater.6.____________(close)thewindowsandthedoor,