GCT英語(yǔ)模擬試題-10PartBThesecondkindoflearningiscalled“operant(動(dòng)作的)conditioning.“Thisoccurswhenanindividuallearnstodothingsthatproducerewardsinhisenvironmentandlearnsnottodothingsthatproducepunishments.Forexample,ifamotheralwaysattendstoherbabywhenhecriesandcuddleshimuntilheisquiet,shemayteachhimthatifhecrieshewillgetattentionfrommother.Thus,thebabywilllearntoincreasehiscryinginordertohavehismothermore.

11.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto_____B_.

(A)teachchildrenhowtolearntoproduceandexperiencecertainemotions

(B)givethecommonreaderageneraldescriptionoftwobasickindsoflearning

(C)giveparentssomeadviceonhowtomodifytheirchildren’semotionsthroughlearning

(D)discusswithpsychologistshowpositiveandnegativefeelingsareproduced

12.Ifachildisbittenorstartledseveraltimesbyadog,hemaylearntoassociatefurry(有皮毛的)animalswithpainorstartleandthusdevelopafearoffurryanimals.Thisisatypicalexampleoflearningthrough___A___.

(A)classicalconditioning

(B)operantconditioning

(C)bothAandB

(D)neitherAnorB

13.Ifyourjokesoftenfindareadyechoinaperson,youwilllearnthrough__B____that

tellingjokestothispersonisfun,andyouwilltrywithgreatereffortstobehumorousinhispresence.

(A)classicalconditioning

(B)operantconditioning

(C)neitherAnorB

(D)someothersortsofconditioning

14.Theword“cuddle“inPara.2mostprobablymeans___B___.

(A)persuade(B)holdcloseandlovely(C)threaten(D)shoutat

15.Howcanamotherhelpthebabytocryless?_____C____

(A)Cuddlethebabyuntilheisquiet.

(B)Leavethebabyalone.

(C)Donotalwaysattendtothebaby.

(D)Teachthebabynottocry.

Questions16-20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Regularchildcareprovidedoutsidehomeorbysomeoneotherthanthemotherdoesnotinitselfunderminehealthyemotionalconnectionsbetweenmothersandtheir15-month-oldinfants,accordingtoalong-termnationalstudy.Thefindingholdsevenifcarebeginsduringthefirst3monthsafterbirthandrunsfor30hoursormoreperweek.

Amonginfantswhoreceiveunkindandunresponsivecarefromtheirmothers,however,themother-childrelationshipmaybedamaged.“Thisresearchhelpsusputapartcomplexitiesregardingchildcarethathavenotpreviouslybeenstudiedindetail,“contendsJayBelsky,apsychologist.

Theinvestigationconsistsof1,153childrenandtheirfamilieslivinginornearBoston.Theyoungsters,nomorethan1montholdwhentheyenteredthestudyin1991,willbetrackeduntiltheageof7.Experimentersadministeredquestionnairestomothersintheirhomesandvideotapedbabycaretakersinteractingwiththekidsatages1,6,and15months.Independentobserversratedthequalityofeachchildcareeffortsandnotedinfantnervousness.Unlikemostpreviousstudies,thisoneallowsresearcherstoobserveeachcaretaker’spersonalityatchildnursing,andkids’emotionalreactionbytheequipment.

16.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthat____C_.

(A)mothercareisthebestaccordingtoanationalstudy

(B)childcareoutsidehomeisthebestinaccordancewiththestudy

(C)regularchildcareoutsidehomemayplayaroleasamother

(D)connectionsbetweenmothersandinfantsaredamagedbyoutsidecare

17.Accordingtothepassage,unresponsivecarefromamothermay__B__.

(A)ruinakid’sgrowth

(B)harmthemother-childtie

(C)injureababy’semotionalreaction

(D)spoilachild’spersonality

18.JayBelskyimpliesthatthestudyofchildcare___B__.

(A)wasnevercarriedoutinthepast

(B)wasnotmuchdoneindetailinthepast

(C)wasgreatlyignoredbypsychologistsandresearchers

(D)wasinteresting,butverydifficulttomakediscovery

19.Themaindifferencebetweentheinvestigationandthepreviousonesisthat__D___.

(A)theresearchersstartedwithonlyonemontholdinfants

(B)theobserverscouldratethequalityofchildcareeffortsandanalyzedthemsoon

(C)theresearcherswereabletogivethequestionnairestomothersintheirhomes

(D)videoequipmentenabledresearcherstoobservewhatwashappeningdirectly

20.WhichofthefollowingisnotTRUEoftheinvestigation?____