英語(yǔ)相關(guān)的修辭手法1)Simile：(明喻）Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristic(特性)incommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.Forexample,Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry./Thiselephantislikeasnakeasanybodycansee.2)Metaphor：(暗喻）Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Forexample,theworldisastage./Thediamonddepartmentwastheheartandcenterofthestore.3)Analogy:(類比）Itisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormetaphorwhichusuallyusescomparisonononepointofresemblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance.

4)Personification:(擬人）Itgiveshumanformoffeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributes(賦予)toinanimate(無(wú)生命的)objects,ortoideasandabstractions(抽象).Forexample,thewindwhistledthroughthetrees.

5)Hyperbole:(夸張）Itisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.Forinstance,healmostdiedlaughing.

6)Understatement:(含蓄陳述）Itistheoppositeofhyperbole,oroverstatement.Itachievesitseffectofemphasizingafactbydeliberately(故意地)understatingit,impressingthelistenerorthereadermorebywhatismerelyimpliedorleftunsaidthanbybarestatement.Forinstance,Itisnolaughingmatter.

7)Euphemism:(委婉）Itisthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensive(無(wú)冒犯)expressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant.Forinstance,wereferto"die"as”passaway".

8)Metonymy(轉(zhuǎn)喻）Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthemaneofonethingforthatofanother.Forinstance,thepen(words)ismightierthanthesword(forces).借代（metonymy）是指兩種不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一種事物名稱代替另一種。1、Severalyearslater,wordcamethatNapoleonyhhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem...幾年以后，他們聽說(shuō)拿破侖要親自來(lái)視察他們?！皐ord”在這里代替了“news,information”（消息、信息）2、Alspokewithhiseyes,“yes”.艾爾用眼睛說(shuō)，“是的”?！罢f(shuō)”應(yīng)該是嘴的功能，這里實(shí)際上是用眼神表達(dá)了“說(shuō)話的意思”。

9)Synecdoche(提喻）Itisinvolvesthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart.Forinstance,theysaythere'sbreadandworkforall.Shewasdressedinsilks.

10)Antonomasia(換喻）Ithasalsotodowithsubstitution.Itisnotoftenmentionednow,thoughitisstillinfrequentuse.Forexample,Solomonforawiseman.Danielforawiseandfairjudge.Judasforatraitor.

11)Pun:(雙關(guān)語(yǔ)）Itisaplayonwords,orratheraplayontheformandmeaningofwords.Forinstance,acannon-balltookoffhislegs,sohelaiddownhisarms.(Here"arms"hastwomeanings:aperson'sbody;weaponscarriedbyasoldier.)/Napoleonwasastonished.”Eitheryouaremad,orIam,”hedeclared.“Both，sir!”criedtheSwedeproudly.“Both”一詞一語(yǔ)雙關(guān)，既指拿破侖和這位士兵都是瘋子，又指這位戰(zhàn)士參加過拿破侖指揮的兩次戰(zhàn)役

12)Syllepsis:(一語(yǔ)雙敘）Ithastwoconnotations.

Inthefirstcase,itisafigurebywhichaword,oraparticularformorinflectionofaword,referstotwoormorewordsinthesamesentence,whileproperlyapplyingtooragreeingwithonlyonofthemingrammarorsyntax(句法).Forexample,Headdressedyouandme,anddesiredustofollowhim.(Hereusisusedtorefertoyouandme.)

Inthesecondcase,itawordmayrefertotwoormorewordsinthesamesentence.Forexample,whilehewasfighting,andlosinglimbandmind,anddying,othersstayedbehindtopursueeducationandcareer.(Heretolosingone'slimbsinliteral;toloseone'smindisfigurative,andmeanstogomad.)

13)Zeugma:(軛式搭配）Itisasinglewordwhichismadetomodifyortogoverntwoormorewordsinthesamesentence,witherproperlyapplyinginsensetoonlyoneofthem,orapplyingtothemindifferentsenses.Forexample,Thesunshallnotburnyoubyday,northemoonbynight.(Herenoonisnotstrongenoughtoburn)

14)Irony:(反語(yǔ)）Itisafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.Forinstance,wearelucky,whatyousaidmakesmefeelrealgood.

15)Innuendo:(暗諷）Itisamildformofirony,hintinginaratherroundabout(曲折)wayatsomethingdisparaging(不一致)oruncomplimentary(不贊美)tothepersonorsubjectmentioned.Forexample,theweathermansaiditwouldbeworm.Hemusttakehisreadingsinabathroom.

16)Sarcasm:(諷刺）ItSarcasmisastrongformofirony.Itattacksinatauntingandbittermanner,anditsaimistodisparage,ridiculeandwoundthefeelingsofthesubjectattacked.Forexample,lawsarelikecobwebs,whichmaycatchsmallflies,butletwaspsbreakthrough.

17)Paradox:(似非而是的雋語(yǔ)）Itisafigureofspeechconsistingofastatementorpropositionwhichonthefaceofitseemsself-contradictory,absurdorcontrarytoestablishedfactorpractice,butwhichonfurtherthinkingandstudymayprovetobetrue,well-founded,andeventocontainasuccinctpoint.Forexamplemorehaste,lessspeed.

18)Oxymoron:(矛盾修飾）Itisacompressedparadox,formedbytheconjoining(結(jié)合)oftwocontrasting,contradictoryorincongruous(不協(xié)調(diào))termsasinbitter-sweetmemories,orderlychaos(混亂)andproudhumility(侮辱).

19)Antithesis:(對(duì)照）Itisthedeliberatearrangementofcontrastingwordsorideasinbalancedstructuralformstoachieveemphasis.Forexample,speechissilver;silenceisgolden.

20)Epigram:(警句）Itstatesasimpletruthpithily(有利地)andpungently(強(qiáng)烈地).Itisusuallyterseandarousesinterestandsurprisebyitsdeepinsightintocertainaspectsofhumanbehaviororfeeling.Forinstance,Few,savethepoor,feelforthepoor.

21)Climax:(漸進(jìn)）ItisderivedfromtheGreekwordfor"ladder"andimpliestheprogressionofthoughtatauniformoralmostuniformrateofsignificanceorintensity,likethestepsofaladderascendingevenly.Forexample,Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.

22)Anti-climaxorbathos:(突降）ItistheoppositeofClimax.Itinvolvesstatingone'sthoughtsinadescendingorderofsignificanceorintensity,fromstrongtoweak,fromweightytolightorfrivolous.Forinstance,Butthousandsdie,withoutorthisorthat,die,andendow(賦予)acollege,oracat.

23)Apostrophe：(頓呼）Inthisfigureofspeech,athing,place,ideaorperson(deadorabsent)isaddressedasifpresent,listeningandunderstandingwhatisbeingsaid.Forinstance,England!awake!awake!awake!

24)TransferredEpithet:(轉(zhuǎn)類形容詞）Itisafigureofspeechwhereanepithet(anadjectiveordescriptivephrase)istransferredfromthenounitshouldrightlymodify(修飾)toanothertowhichitdoesnotreallyapplyorbelong.Forinstance,Ispentsleeplessnightsonmyproject.

25)Alliteration:(頭韻）Ithastodowiththesoundratherthanthesenseofwordsforeffect.Itisadevicethatrepeatsthesamesoundatfrequentintervals(間隔)an