2018年北京市高級中等學校招生考試英語試卷知識運用（共14分）一、單項填空（共6分，每小題0.5分）從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D個選項中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1.MybrotherandIlikefootball.playittogetheronceaweek.A.I B.They C.We D.You【答案】C【解析】句意：我哥哥和我喜歡足球，我們每周一起玩一次。本題考查人稱代詞。A.我；B.他們；C.我們；D.你們。結(jié)合語境“我哥哥和我喜歡足球，______每周一起玩一次?！??？芍?，應該是“我們”。故選C。2.Happybirthday,Peter!Here’sagiftyou.A.for B.in C.with D.from【答案】A【解析】句意：生日快樂，彼得！這是送給你的禮物?？疾榻樵~用法。A.為了；B.在……里；C.和……；D.來自。結(jié)合語境“生日快樂，彼得！這是送給你的禮物?！?。表示“給……的生日禮物”。用for。故選A。3.—doyouusuallygotoschool,Mary?—Bybike.A.When B.How C.Where D.Why【答案】B【解析】句意：——瑪麗，你通常怎么上學？——騎自行車。考查疑問詞。A.什么時候；B.怎么；C.哪里；D.為什么。結(jié)合語境“瑪麗，你通常怎么上學？騎自行車?！??？芍?，對乘坐某種交通工具提問，用疑問詞how提問。故選B。4.Manypeoplelikepandastheyarecute.A.though B.if C.while D.because【答案】D【解析】句意：很多人喜歡熊貓，因為它們很可愛。考查從屬連詞的辨析。選項A意為：雖然；選項B意為：如果；選項C意為：當……時候；選項D意為：因為。結(jié)合句意：很多人喜歡熊貓，因為它們很可愛。故選D。5.Igonow,orI’llmissmytrain.A.can B.might C.must D.could【答案】C【解析】句意：我必須走了，否則我就趕不上火車了?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞。A.能；B.可能；C.必須；D.能。結(jié)合語境“我______走了，否則我就趕不上火車了?！笨芍瑧撌恰氨仨殹?。故選C。6.Tonyisofthethreeboys,butheisthetallest.A.young B.younger C.youngest D.theyoungest【答案】D【解析】句意：托尼是這三個男孩中最小的，但他是最高的?？疾樽罡呒墶.年輕的；B.更年輕的；C.最年輕的，通常加the；D.最年輕的。結(jié)合語境“托尼是這三個男孩中最小的，但他是最高的?！薄fthethreeboys是三者以上的比較，可知，用最高級theyoungest最年輕的，最小的。故選D。7.Billlikesreading.Hepicturebookswithhisdadeveryevening.A.read B.reads C.isreading D.hasread【答案】B【解析】句意：比爾喜歡讀書。他每天晚上和爸爸一起看圖畫書?？疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時。從everyevening判斷句子時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，排除C/D。主語是單數(shù)。故選B。8.—Paul,whatwereyoudoingatnineLastnight?—Iamovieinthecinemawithmyfriends.A.waswatching B.watch C.havewatched D.willwatch【答案】A【解析】句意：——保羅，你昨晚九點在干什么？——我和我的朋友正在電影院看電影?？疾檫^去進行時。根據(jù)Paul,whatwereyoudoingatnineLastnight？可知是過去進行時，因此答語也用過去進行時。所以B/C/D/都不對。過去進行時的結(jié)構(gòu)為were/was+doing。故選A。9.Davidisatennisplayer,Hetoplaytenniswhenhewassixyearso1d.A.begins B.willbegin C.began D.hasbegun【答案】C【解析】句意：戴維是個網(wǎng)球運動員，六歲時就開始打網(wǎng)球了。從whenhewassixyearso1d判斷句子時態(tài)用一般過去時。故選C。10.—Lucy,isyouruncleateacher?—Yes,heis.Hehistoryfornearly20years.A.teaches B.hastaught C.isteaching D.willteach【答案】B【解析】句意：——露西，你叔叔是老師嗎？——是的，他教了將近20年的歷史了?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時。根據(jù)fornearly20years可知，這是一個表示一段時間的時間狀語，通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時，而且動詞應該用延續(xù)性動詞，現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為have/has+動詞的過去分詞。故選B。11.Anewinternationalairportinthecitynextyear.A.completes B.iscompletedC.willcomplete D.willbecompleted【答案】D【解析】句意：一座新的國際機場明年將要在這所城市完工。一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。completes一般現(xiàn)在時；iscompleted一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)；willcomplete一般將來時；willbecompleted一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句子的主語是“Anewinternationalairport”以及時間狀語“nextyear”所以要用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)來填空，因此可知這句話的意思是“一座新的國際飛機場明年將要在這所城市完工。”故選D。12.—Alice,couldyoutellmeLondon?—Sure.LastSundayA.whenMr.Smithleft B.whenMr.Smithwi11leaveC.whendidMr.Smithleave D.whenwillMr.Smithleave【答案】A【解析】句意：——愛麗絲，你能告訴我史米斯先生什么時候離開倫敦的嗎？——當然可以。上星期天。根據(jù)couldyoutellme_______?可知，本題考查賓語從句，賓語從句中一般為陳述語序，選項C/D是疑問語序，所以排除掉；再根據(jù)LastSunday，可知這里指的是過去的時間，時態(tài)用一般過去時。故選A。二、完形填空（共8分，每小題1分）閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選擇最佳選項。RealSolutions（解決方法）toProblemsThirtyengineerswereworkingasateaminacompany.Theywereyoungandeagertolearn.ThemanagementdecidedtoteachthemaboutfindingrealsolutionstoproblemsOneday,theteamwascalledfora____13____inahall.Theywerequitesurprisedandallreachedthehallholdingvarious____14____.Astheyentered,theyfoundaboxplacedinthecenter,fullofflatballoonsThemanageraskedeveryonetopickaballoonandblowitup.Thentheywereaskedtowritetheirnamesontheirrespective(各自的)balloons____15____sothattheballoonswouldn’tblowout.Alltried,butnoteveryonewas___16___.Fiveballoonsblewoutduetopressure（壓力）.Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoonswere___17___outofthegame.Asaresult,25engineerscametothenextlevel.Alltheballoonscarryingtheirnameswere___18___andthenputintoaroom,hereandthere.Theengineersweretoldtopicktheballoonwithhisorhernameon,Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush.Itwasalmost15minutesbutnoonewasableto___19___therightone.Thesecondlevelofthegamewasover.Thencamethefinallevel.theengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittopersonnamedontheballoon.Withinacoupleofminutes,allballoons___20___thehandsoftherespectiveengineers.Themanagerannouncedthiswastherealsolutiontotheproblem.Manytimesinourlife,sharingandhelpingothersgiveusrealsolutionstoproblems.13.A.game B.show C.concert D.party14.A.purposes B.suggestions C.thoughts D.plans15.A.quietly B.carefully C.secretly D.clearly16.A.honest B.ready C.patient D.successful17.A.checked B.helped C.ruled D.cleaned18.A.collected B.weighed C.tied D.cleaned19.A.mark B.hide C.number D.find20.A.freed B.reached C.lifted D.hit【答案】13.A14.C15.B16.D17.C18.A19.D20.B【語篇解讀】本文主要講述的是關于協(xié)作的事情。游戲一：30名工程師，在氣球上簽名，結(jié)果5人被淘汰。游戲二：然后把成功簽上名的氣球放到一個房間里，先讓25名工程師找?guī)в凶约好值臍馇?，結(jié)果很少成功；游戲三：讓工程師們挑選任何一個氣球，并把它送給簽在氣球上名字的人。結(jié)果幾分鐘內(nèi)，所有氣球都到達了各自的工程師手中。這個故事告訴我們：一件事我們或許做起來很難，但是如果和別人一起做，相互幫助，就會事半功倍?！?3題解析】句意：有一天，三十名工程師被要求在大廳里參加游戲?？疾槊~辨析。A.game游戲；B.show表演；C.concert音樂會；D.party聚會。下文提到Thesecondlevelofthegamewasover游戲結(jié)束，故選A?！?4題解析】句意：他們很驚訝，都走到大廳里，抱著各種各樣的想法。考查名詞辨析。A.purposes目的；B.suggestions建議；C.thoughts想法；D.plans計劃。根據(jù)allreachedthehallholdingvarious帶著各種_______來到這里，前面提到驚奇，所以是每個人有各自的想法。故選C?！?5題解析】句意：然后要求他們在各自的氣球上仔細地寫上自己的名字，這樣氣球就不會爆了。考查形容詞辨析。A.quietly輕輕的；B.carefully仔細的；C.secretly秘密的；D.clearly清楚的。根據(jù)theballoonswouldn’tblowout不能打破氣球，所以是輕輕的。故選A。【16題解析】句意：大家都試過了，但不是每個人都成功了?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。A.honest誠實的；B.ready準備好的；C.patient有耐心的；D.successful成功的。根據(jù)Fiveballoonsblewoutduetopressure氣球壞了5個，可知并不是所有人都成功了。故選D。【17題解析】句意：那些沒有在氣球上簽名的人被排除在比賽之外?？疾閯釉~辨析。A.checked檢查；B.helped幫助；C.ruled規(guī)則；D.cleaned清晰。根據(jù)Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoons失敗的人，所以是出局，ruleout排除；故選C?！?8題解析】句意：所有帶著名字的氣球都被收集起來，然后放在一個房間里，到處都是。考查動詞辨析。A.collected收集；B.weighed稱重；C.tied打結(jié)；D.cleaned打掃。根據(jù)thenputintoaroom,hereandthere將氣球放在房子里，所以是先把所有的氣球收集起來。故選A。【19題解析】句意：已經(jīng)快15分鐘了，但是沒有人能找到帶有自己名字的氣球。考查動詞辨析。A.mark標記；B.hide躲藏；C.number計數(shù)；D.find找到。根據(jù)rightone正確的那個人，由此推測是找到那個人。故選D?！?0題解析】句意：幾分鐘內(nèi)，所有氣球都到達了各自的工程師手中。考查動詞辨析。A.freed釋放；B.reached到達；C.lifted舉起；D.hit打擊。根據(jù)thehandsoftherespectiveengineers氣球上名字對應的人，由此可知是交給那個人。故選B。閱讀理解（共36分）三、閱讀下列短文．根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從文后各所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。（共26分，每小題2分）A21.WhendidRogerhavehisbirthdayparty?A.LastWednesday B.lastthursdayC.LastFriday D.LastSaturday.22.Whowentonaschoolfieldtriplastweek?A.Alan. B.Jessica C.Sara D.Richard.23.MartinwenttoAtlantaA.speakataconference B.organizeapartyC.performinacompetition D.visitauniversity【答案】21.D22.B23.C【語篇解讀】文章分別介紹了四個孩子上周的活動。上周六，羅杰舉行了15歲的生日聚會；杰西卡上個星期參加學校郊游；薩拉上星期三很幸運地去參加了一個慈善會議。馬丁去亞特蘭大參加比賽中的表演。【21題解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Roger：Itwasmy15thbirthdaylastSaturday羅杰：這是我上周六的15歲生日?？芍_杰的生日是上周六。故選D?！?2題解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Jessica：Yes，Myclasswereonaschoolfieldtriplastweek杰西卡：是的，上個星期我的班級去參加學校郊游了，可知杰西卡上個星期參加學校郊游。故選B?！?3題解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Martin：LastThursday,myschoolband（樂隊）wenttoAtlantatoperforminacompetition，馬丁：上周四，我的學校樂隊在亞特蘭大的一次比賽中表演了，可知，馬丁去亞特蘭大在比賽中表演。故選C。BABeautifulMomentWhenIwasinhighschool.Iworkedpart-timehelpingDadsellfruitsandvegetablesatamatket.Oneday，asIwaspreparingthefruits.Alittleboycamebywithhismomandsister.Hewasabouteightyearsold，andthegirl.fiveorsix.Theywerelookingthefruitsinfrontofme.Iheardthekidssaytotheirmom(inFrench),"They’regood!"IknewitwasFrench.BecauseIcanspeakandunderstandit.ThenInoticedhowmomwaspickingthefruits.AtfirstIthoughtshewasreallylookingatthefruitsbecauseshewasfacingthem.ButthenInoticedhowmuchshehadtofeelandsmelleachoneasshepickedthemout.Andoftenaskedhersonifitlookedokay,butlookedwayabovewherehisfacewas.PuttingwhatIsawtogether,Iwassureshewasblind.Bothofthekidscontinuedtohelptheirmompickoutthefruits.Thesonmadesurethefruitswerenotobviouslybad,andthedaughterhandedthemtohermom.Thewomanthenfelteachoneandsmiled,andthedaughterwouldputthemintotheirbasket.Thekidsweresmilingwhilehelpingtheirmompickthefruitsout.Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore.Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp.Mostkidsthatagewouldbepickingoutcandiesortoysinastoreforthemselves,insteadofhelpingtheirmompickoutfruitsasthetwokidsdid.Itwasgreattowitnessthemoment,butnotsogreatbecauseIdidn’ttellthemomhowbeautifulherchildrenwereintheirlanguage.thisiswhatIregrettothisday.24.Thewomenandherkidscametothemarkettobuy.A.fruits B.vegetables C.candies D.toys25.Accordingtowhathesaw,thewriterwassurethemothercouldn’t.A.speak B.see C.smell D.hear26.Thewriterwasmovedbecause.A.themotherwasbravetofaceherproblems.B.thekidswerepoliteandkindtoeachotherC.themotherwascarefulinpickingoutthingsD.thekidsweresowillingtohelptheirmother【答案】24.A25.B26.D【語篇解讀】文章介紹了兩個孩子幫盲人媽媽挑選水果，作者被這溫情一幕打動。【24題解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThenInoticedhowmomwaspickingthefruits．然后我注意到媽媽是如何挑選水果的，可知他們是來買水果的，故選A。【25題解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Iwassureshewasblind．我確定她是盲人，可知作者認為這個媽媽看不到，故選B?！?6題解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp．Mostkidsthatagewouldbepickingoutcandiesortoysinastoreforthemselves，insteadofhelpingtheirmompickoutfruitsasthetwokidsdid．看到這么小的孩子們?nèi)绱藰酚谥?，真是太美了。大多?shù)同齡的孩子會在商店里為自己挑選糖果或玩具，而不是像兩個孩子那樣幫助他們的媽媽挑選水果?？芍髡弑贿@兩個孩子愿意幫助他們的母親而感動，故選D。CSomeprimaryschoolchildrenhavebeenraisedinhomeswithmoregreenspacearound.Theyarelikelytocomewithlargervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterincertainareasofthebrain.Thesedifferencesareassociated(關聯(lián))withbeneficialeffectsoncognitivefunction(認知功能).ThisisthemainconclusionofastudyledbytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth.Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain.Lifelongexposure(接觸)togreenspaceinthelivingplaceswasrecorded—usingtheinformationonthechildren’saddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeofthestudy.Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI).Workingmemoryandinattentiveness(注意力不集中)weregradedwithcomputers.“Thisisthefirststudythatshowstheassociationbetweenlong-termexposuretogreenspaceandbrainstructure.”SaysDr.PayamDadvand,theleadingresearcherofthestudy,“Ourfindingssuggestthatexposuretogreenspaceearlyinlifecouldresultinbeneficialstructuralchangesinthebrain.”Thefindingsshowthatlong-termexposuretogreennessispositivelyassociatedwithwhiteandgreymattervolumesinseveralpartsofthebrain.Someofthemarerelatedtohigherscoresoncognitivetests.Moreover,largervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterinthosepartsmightleadtobetterworkingmemoryandlessinattentiveness.Exposuretonaturehasbeenthoughttobenecessaryforbraindevelopmentinchildren.Anotherstudyof2,593childrenshowsthatchildreninschoolwithmoregreenspacehaveagreaterincreaseinworkingmemoryandagreaterdecreaseininattentiveness.Humansarebelievedtobetiedtonature.Playingingreenerareasofferschildrenopportunitiestosearchandlearn.Accordingly,greenspaceisthoughttopromptimportantexercisesindiscovery,creativityandrisktaking.Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment.Dr.Dadvand’sstudysuggestshowsuchstructuralchangescouldbringaboutthebeneficialeffectsofgreenspacesoncognitivedevelopment,italsoaddstotheproofthatsuggeststhelastingeffectsofearlylifeexposuretogreennessonourhealthandthebenefitsofincreasinggreennessincities.Furtherstudiesareneededtoprovethefindingsinotherpopulations,settingsandclimates.Andresearchersneedtoexaminedifferencesaccordingtothenatureandqualityofgreenspace.27.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout.A.howthestudywasperformed B.whatwasrecordedinthestudyC.howlongthestudylasted D.whotookpartinthestudy28.Theword“prompt”inparagraph6probablymeans““.A.control B.encourage C.balance D.change29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Workingmemoryinfluenceswhiteandgreymatterinthebrain.B.Dr.Dadvandstressedtheimportanceofchangingtheenvironment.C.StudiesprovedtheinfluenceofgreennessonpopulationsoutsofSpain.D.Livingingreenerneighborhoodsbenefitschildreninbraindevelopment.【答案】27.A28.B29.D【語篇解讀】本文主要講述了一項科學實驗的結(jié)果，結(jié)果表明生活在綠色環(huán)境下有利于大腦的發(fā)育，但是這個結(jié)論是否適合于每個地方的人還有待觀察和后續(xù)實驗證明?！?7題解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain可知，此段主要講述的是有關于研究如何進行的事情，故選A?！?8題解析】詞意猜測題。A.control控制；B.encourage鼓勵，促進；C.balance平衡；D.change改變。根據(jù)Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment可知，是極大的促進大腦的發(fā)育，四個選項中意思最為接近的是鼓勵，促進，故選B。【29題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Ourfindingssuggestthatexposuretogreenspaceearlyinlifecouldresultinbeneficialstructuralchangesinthebrain可知，在綠色環(huán)境下生活有利于大腦發(fā)育，故選D。DWeoftenreachapointinourlifewhenweshouldbereadyforchangethatwillhelpusunlockourself-improvementpower.However,there’salwayssomethingstaringatusrightunderournosebutwedon’tseeit.Theonlytimewethinkofunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswheneverythinggetsworst.Whendowerealizethatweneedtochangediets?Whennoneofourshirtsandjeanswouldfitus.Whendowestopeatingcandiesandchocolates?Whenallofourteethhavefallenoff.Whendowerealizethatweneedtostopsmoking?Whenourlungshavegonebad.Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult.Theonlytimemostofuseverlearnaboutunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswhenthewholeworldisfallingapart.Wethinkandfeelthiswaybecauseitisnoteasytochange,butchangebecomesmorepainfulwhenweignore(忽視)it，Changewillhappen,likeitorhateit.Atonepointoranother.weareallgoingtofinallyunlockourself-improvementpowernotbecausetheworldsaysso.Butbecausewerealizeit’sforourowngood.Happypeopledon’tjustacceptchange;theyembrace(擁抱)it.Unlockingourself-improvementpowermeansunlockingourselvesoutoftheboxofthoughtthatisjustthewayweare.Itissuchapoorexcuseforpeoplewhofearchange.Janealwaystellseveryonethatshedoesn’thavethecouragetobearoundgroupsofpeople.Sheheardherfamilytellthesamethingsabouthertootherpeople.Overtheyears,thatiswhatJanehasbelieved.Everytimeagreatcrowdcome,shestepsbackandlocksherselfupinaroom.Janenotonlybelievesinherstory,butlivesit!Self-improvementmaynotbeeverybody’sfavoriteword,butifwelookatthingsinadifferentway,wemighthavegreaterchancesofenjoyingthewholeprocessinsteadofcountingthedaysuntilwearefullyimproved.Threesessionsinaweekatthegymwouldresultinahealthierlife.Readingbookseverydaywouldbuildupknowledge.Andonlywhenweareenjoyingthewholeprocessofunlockingourself-improvementpowerwillwerealizethatwe’rebeginningtotakethingslightandbecomehappy.30.ThewritermentionsthethreequestionsinParagraph2toshowthat.A.welearnourlessonswhenweexperiencepainB.weareresponsiblefortheproblemswemeetC.lifefailsuswhenwegetintothewrongwayD.lifeisalongjourneyfullofupsanddowns31.WhatisthekeytosolvingJane’sproblem?A.Sheneedstorememberwhyshestarted.B.Shehastoknowhowtogetonwithpeople.C.Shehastorealizesheisnotwhatsheisinherstory.D.Sheneedstounderstandtheimportanceofconfidence.32.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.A.theworldtellsushowtoimproveourselvesB.peoplechangewhentheyfinditeasytodothatC.welcomingchangeinlifeisadrivetobecomebetterD.enjoyingtheprocessofself-improvementmakeslifesimpler33.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Isitimportanttotakethingslight?B.Isitnecessarytoembracechallenges?C.Toholdontothelastmomentortogiveup?D.Tofreeourselvesoutoftheboxortostayinit?【答案】30.A31.C32.C33.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，主要介紹在我們的生活中，當我們準備好要改變的時候，我們經(jīng)常會達到一個點，這將幫助我們打開自我提升的力量。打開自我提高能力的唯一時刻是當一切變得最糟糕的時候。只有當我們享受解鎖自我完善能力的整個過程，從固定思維中解脫出來時，我們才會意識到我們開始輕而易舉地獲得快樂?！?0題解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Theonlytimewethinkofunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswheneverythinggetsworst我們認為打開自我提高能力的唯一時刻是當一切變得最糟糕的時候。可知，作者列舉“什么時候我們意識到我們需要改變飲食？當我們的襯衫和牛仔褲都不適合我們的時候，我們什么時候停止吃糖果和巧克力？當我們所有的牙齒都脫落了。我們什么時候意識到我們需要戒煙？”這些的目的是當我們經(jīng)歷痛苦時，我們學到了教訓。故選A?！?1題解析】【32題解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段Happypeopledon’tjustacceptchange;theyembrace（擁抱）it.快樂的人不只是接受變化，他們擁抱變化。及最后一段Andonlywhenweareenjoyingthewholeprocessofunlockingourself-improvementpowerwillwerealizethatwe’rebeginningtotakethingslightandbecomehappy.只有當我們享受開啟自我提升能力的整個過程時，我們才會意識到我們開始隨遇而安并變得快樂。可知，作者可能同意歡迎生活中的變化是一個變得更好的動力。故選C?！?3題解析】標題猜測題。根據(jù)第五段Unlockingourself-improvementpowermeansunlockingourselvesoutoftheboxofthoughtthatisjustthewayweare.Itissuchapoorexcuseforpeoplewhofear四、閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。（共10分，每小題2分）Whenitcomestothelettergradeonyourtestorhomework,youmightnoticethatthereisnoletterE.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhythatisso?IntheA,B,C,DandFgradingsystem,thefirstfourlettersaretypicallyconsideredpassinggrades.AnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor“fail”.Theword“fail”happenstostartwiththeletterF,whichseemstoleaveouttheletterE.Thefactofthematteristhatanylettercanmean“not-passing”or“fail”.SomeschoolshaveUgradefor“unsatisfactory”,orIgradefor“incomplete”.Evenwithallthissaid,weshouldalsopointoutthatEgradeactuallyhasbeenusedprettycommonlythroughoutthehistoryoflettergradesintheUS.ThefirstcollegeintheUStousealettergradingsystemliketheonesweusetodayisMountHolyokeCollege.In1897,theybegantousethefollowinggradingscale:A:95-100%(excellent)B:85-94%(good)C:76-84%(fair)D:75%(barelypassed)E:below75%(failed)WecanseetheinclusionofEinsteadofF.Gradually,thelettergradingsystembecamemorepopularthroughouttheUS.However,manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF.Thereisnoevidence(證據(jù))toreallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.Whydowehavelettergrades?Well,partofthereasonisthattheymadegradingsimplerduringatimeofgreatchangeforschools.Asthe20thcenturybegan,growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolargerschoolclassrooms.Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.Today,moreandmorepeoplearguethatlettergradesdon’tfullyreflect(反映)studentlearning.However,asteacherstrytoimprovegradingmethods,manyparentscontinuetofavorthelettergradestheygotaskids,theyarefamiliar(熟悉)andeasyforparentstounderstand.Sowhiletheymightnotbeperfect,thelettergradesprobablyaren’tgoingawayanytimesoon.34.whatdoesanFstandforintheA、B、C、DandFgradingsystem?35.whenwasthelettergradingsystemfirstusedintheUScollege?36.whatisonepossibleexplanationfordroppingtheEgrade?37.whatdidmostteachersthinkofthelettergradingsysteminthe20thcentury?38.whydomanyparentsstillpreferthelettergradestoday?【答案】34.Itstandsfor“fail”.35.In1897.36.TeacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.37.Theythoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasyfairandclearwaytogradestudents.38.Becausethelettergradesarefamiliarandeasyforparentstounderstand.【語篇解讀】短文講了判定測試或作業(yè)的字母等級方法，詳細的介紹了字母所代表的含義，及其人們對這種評定方法的看法等。【34題解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段句子IntheA,B,C,DandFgradingsystem,thefirstfourlettersaretypicallyconsideredpassinggrades.AnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor“fail”.在A、B、C、D和F評分系統(tǒng)中，前四個字母通常被認為是及格分數(shù)。這個系統(tǒng)中的F僅僅表示"失敗"。可知F表示“失敗”。故答案為AnFinthissystemstandsfor“fail”.【35題解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段句子ThefirstcollegeintheUStousealettergradingsystemliketheonesweusetodayisMountHolyokeCollege.In1897,theybegantousethefollowinggradingscale.美國第一個使用字母評分系統(tǒng)的大學是MountHolyokeCollege.1897年，他們開始使用以下等級量表?？芍?897年。故答案為In1897年?！?6題解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段句子However,reallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.然而，許多學校決定放棄E級，直接進入F。真的沒有證據(jù)支持這一點，但一個可能的解釋是，老師擔心一些學生和家長可能誤認為E為“優(yōu)秀”?？芍蠋煋囊恍W生和家長可能誤認為E為“優(yōu)秀”。故答案為TeacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.【37題解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段句子Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.當時的大多數(shù)老師認為這種新的字母評分系統(tǒng)是一種簡單、公平、清晰的給學生打分的方式。可知當時的大多數(shù)老師認為這種新的字母評分系統(tǒng)是一種簡單、公平、清晰的給學生打分的方式。故答案為Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy，fairandclearwaytogradestudents.【38題解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段句子However,asteacherstrytoimprovegradingmethods,manyparentscontinuetofavorthelettergradestheygotaskids,theyarefamiliar（熟悉）andeasyforparentstounderstand.Sowhiletheymightnotbeperfect,thelettergradesprobablyaren’tgoingawayanytimesoon.然而，當教師試圖改進評分方法時，許多家長仍然喜歡孩子們得到的字母等級，他們對父母來說很熟悉，也很容易理解。因此，盡管他們可能不是完美的，但字母等級不會很快就消失?？芍鼈兪歉改杆煜ず腿菀桌斫獾摹９蚀鸢笧門heyarefamiliarandeasyforparentstounderstand.書面表達（共10分）五、文段表達（10分）39.從下面兩個題目中任選一題，根據(jù)中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50詞的文段寫作，文中已給出內(nèi)容不計入總數(shù)．所給提示詞語僅供選用，請不要寫出你的校名和姓名。題目一：假如你是李華，你們學校要舉辦一場關于京劇的講座，你打算邀請你們班交換生Peter參加，請用英語寫一封電子郵件，告訴他講座時間和地點以及需要做什么準備。提示詞語：lecture(講座),invite,information,question,online提示問題：·Whenandwherewillyouhavethelecture?·WhatdoyouadvisePetertoprepareforit?Dearpeter,Howisitgoing?There’llbealectureonPekingOperainourschool.IfthereisanythingthatIcando,pleaseletmeknow.Yours,LiHua【參考范文】DearPeterHowisitgoing?There’llbealectureonPekingoperainourschool.ThePekingoperawillstartat10:00thisFridaymorningintheschoolhall.Iamwritingtoinviteyoutotakepartinthemeaningfullecture.Inthelecture,wecannotonlygetsomeusefulinformationaboutthePekingopera,butalsogetclosetothetraditionalChineseculture,whichcanbenefitusalot.Therearesome