中考英語閱讀理解長難句分析策略及練習(xí)

一、長難句類型：

1.句中出現(xiàn)多個連詞，句法關(guān)系復(fù)雜；

2.非謂語動詞形式較多；

3.含有多個同位語或同位語從句，而且較長；

4.從句較多，句中套句；

5.主干中穿插多個插入語或從句；

6.句中有省略倒裝強調(diào)等

二、分析策略：首先要搞清楚句子的整體結(jié)構(gòu)到底是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句。

方法一：較復(fù)雜簡單句一找主干成分，即找主謂賓

1.ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistopractiseiteveryday.

2.Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturingofcleanandsafeproductstheirmainselling

pointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.

3.Theactiongrouphasalsofoundacceptablepapermadefrommaterialsotherthanwood,suchas

agriculturalwaste.

方法二：并列句一找并列連詞，分成兩個簡單句處理

1.MissGermaine'smotherlookedanxiousthroughtheweddingandMr.Cordell'sparentsare

reportedtobelessthandelighted.

方法三：主從復(fù)合句——找從屬連詞，先理解主句

1.Awoman'sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage,while

itwasn'tunusualtohearamansaythathedidn'tknowhisfriend'smarriagewasinserious

troubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.

2.Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseandpotentialofdietproductsthatwehave

stoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietproductsaredoingtous.

方法四：并列和主從復(fù)合句并存——先找并列連詞，判斷并列成分，再分析主從復(fù)合句

1.Ihaveknownchangesforthebetterandchangesfortheworse,butIhaveneverquestionedthe

factthatwhetherIlikeditornot,changewasunavoidable.

2.Sodon'tbesurprisedifyouneverencountersomeoftheexpressionsthatstillappearinschool

textbooks,andnexttimeyouhearsomebodyusingastrangewordyouhaven'theardbefore,you

cancomfortyourselfthattheremaywellbeanativespeakersomewherewhodoesn'tknowit

either.

方法總結(jié)：看標(biāo)點，找連詞，審謂動，定主干

三、案例分析：

Lonelinesshasbeenlinkedtodepression（抑郁）andotherhealthproblems.Now,astudysays

itcanalsospread.Afriendofalonelypersonwasfifty-twopercentmorelikelytodevelop

feelingsofloneliness.Andafriendofthatfriendwastwenty-fivepercentmorelikelytodothe

same.

Earlierfindingsshowedthathappiness,obesity（肥胖）andtheabilitytostopsmokingcan

alsospreadlikeinfectionswithinsocialgroups.Thefindingsallcomefromamajorhealthstudy

intheAmericantownofFramingham,Massachusetts.

Thestudybeganin1948toinvestigatethecausesofheartdisease.Sincethen,moretests

havebeenadded,includingmeasuresoflonelinessanddepression.

Thenewfindingsinvolvedmorethanfivethousandpeopleinthesecondgenerationofthe

FraminghamHeartStudy.Theresearchersexaminedfriendshiphistoriesandreportsofloneliness.

Theresultsestablishedapatternthatspreadaspeoplereportedfewerclosefriends.

Forexample,lonelinesscanaffectrelationshipsbetweennext-doorneighbors.Theloneliness

spreadsasneighborswhowereclosefriendsnowspendlesstimetogether.Thestudyalsofound

thatlonelinessspreadsmoreeasilyamongwomenthanmen.

Theaveragepersonissaidtoexperiencefeelingsoflonelinessaboutforty-eightdaysayear.

Thestudyfoundthathavingalonelyfriendcanaddaboutseventeendays.Buteveryadditional

friendcandecreaselonelinessbytwoandahalfdays.

Lonelypeoplebecomelessandlesstrustingofothers.Thismakesitmoreandmoredifficult

forthemtomakefriends-andmorelikelythatsocietywillreject（排斥）them.

JohnCacioppoattheUniversityofChicagoledthestudy.Hesaysitisimportanttorecognize

anddealwithloneliness.Hesayspeoplewhohavebeenpushedtotheedgesofsocietyshould

receivehelptorepairtheirsocialnetworks.

1.Asanaverageperson,ifyoumake2morefriends,howmanydaysayearmightyousufferfrom

loneliness?

A.48days.B.43days.C.65days.D.17days.

2.Whatcanweinfer（推斷）fromthepassageaboutlonelypeople?

A.Theycanovercomelonelinessthemselves.

B.Theywilldecreaselonelinessdaybyday.

C.Theyneedhelptogetbacktonormalsociallife.

D.Theycanhelpotherstorepairtheirsocialnetworks.

3.Whafsthebestwaytohelplonelypeopleaccordingtothispassage?

A.Bringthemtogether.B.Makefriendswiththem.

C.Helpthemstopsmoking.D.Helpthemlooseweight.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.LonelinessAndSocialNetWorkB.SocialNetworksAndFriendship

C.LonelinessAndDietD.HelpALonelyPerson

四、練習(xí)

Somepeoplelikethefreedomofdrivingtheirowncar.Butothersfinddrivingtobe

inconvenientorevendangerous.Luckily,thedriverlesscarswe'veseeninmoviesandTVshows

areonthewayhere.

ThefirstdriverlesscartohitthescreenwasHerbie.Herbiecoulddrivebyhimselfandeven

talktohishumanfriends.KITTwasanotherdriverlesscarthatappearedonthe1980sTVshow

KnightRider.KITTcoulddriveitselfandhelpitsriderMichaelKnightcatchcriminals.

Whilethedriverlesscarsoftodaycan'ttalktous,theydohavemanysimilaritiestotheones

we'veseenonscreen.Nearlyeverylargecarcompanyisworkingontheirownautonomous

vehicle（AV）.Tesla,forexample,hasdevelopedadriver-assistancesystemforitscarscalledTesla

Autopilot.

TeslaAutopilotcancompletemanyofthetasksthathumandriversusuallydo.Itcanmake

surethatyourcariscenteredinthecorrectlane（車道）,aswellasparkitselfandstopifitthinks

thatanaccidentmighthappen.

Google'ssistercompanyWaymoseemstobeleadingthewayintheAVarea.Itsself-driving

carsarealreadybeingusedfortaxiservicesintheUScityofPhoenix.Itusescommoncamerasto

determinedistance,whichallowsthecarstogetaroundwithoutriskofcrashing（撞車）.

AlthoughcompaniesaremakinggreatprogressindevelopingAV,thereisstillalotofwork

tobedone.Yearafteryear,companieslikeTesla,GeneralMotors,andToyotapromisethatfully

self-drivingcarswillbecomewidelyavailable.Butnearlyallofthesepromiseshavefallen

through.

Oneoftheproblemsisthatdesigningaself-drivingcarthatissafeandeasytouseismuch

harderthanpeoplerealize.Self-drivingcarshavetoanalyze（分析）millionsofdatapointsinorder

topreventaccidents.Humansareusedtodoingthis—butdesigninganAIthatcanworklike

humanmindtomakeadecisionquicklyisverydifficult.

However,newtechnologieslike5Gandfastercomputerprocessorswillmaketheprocess

faster.Asthesetechnologiesdevelop,fullyself-drivingcarswillcomeclosertoreality.

1.WhatcanTeslaAutopilotdo?

A.Itcantalktohumans.B.Itcanchasecriminals.C.Itcanstopatanytime.D.Itcanfinish

manytasks.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutWaymo'sdriverlesscars?

A.TheyareusedastaxisinPhoenix,US.B.Theyrequirehumanbackupdrivers.

C.Theyusecamerastodiscoverothercars.D.Theycrashintoothercarsfromtimetotime.

3.Whatisthestorymainlyfocusedon?

A.Reasonsforinventingdriverlesscars.B.Thedevelopmentofdriverlesscars.

C.DriverlesstechnologyinTVandmovies.D.TVshowsthatfeatureadvancedtechnology.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?

A.Thereisstillalongwaytogoindevelopingautonomousvehicle.

B.Thefirstdriverlesscarcoulddrivehimselfbutcouldn'ttalktohumans.

C.Waymo5sself-drivingcarsarealreadybeingusedfortaxiservicesintheUS.

D.Almosteverymajorcarcompanyisworkingontheirownautonomousvehicle.

5.ItcanbeinfeiTed（推斷）fromthepassagethat.

A.fullyself-drivingcarswillbeputintouseinthefuture

B.self-drivingcarshavebeenwidelyusedinourdailylife

C.self-drivingcarswillbesoldatmuchhigherpricesthannow

D.fullyself-drivingcarsthataresafeandeasytouseareavailablenow

Arerobotsgoingtotakeovertheworld?Thiswasoneofthebiggestfearspeoplehadabout

thedevelopmentoftechnology.Butsincethen,thosefearshavebeenlargelyreplacedby

COVID-19.Now,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtoregardrobotsasausefulwayforsocial

distancingproblems.

Robotshavebeenusedforyears,eventhoughyoumightnotconnectthesetaskswithrobots

ATMsinbanksarecommonexamplesofeverydayrobots.Therearemanycompaniesusing

robotsevenbeforethepandemic（疫情）.Robotshavealsobeenusedfortasksconsidered

dangerous.

AmongCOVID-19conditionsnewrobotsarebeingtestedinmanyfields.AtMcDonald's

andotherfast-foodrestaurants,robotsarebeingtiedaswaitersandevencooks.Restaurantsare

usingrobotstosendtheirfoodsafelytohomesofoldpeoplebecausethey'reathighriskfrom

COVID-19.Disinfection（消毒）robotshavebeendevelopedtofightagainstCOVID-19in

Qingdao,ShandongProvince.Theycanreplacehumanbeingsincarryingontheresponsibilityof

disinfection.Thesenewlydevelopeddisinfectionrobotshavebeenputintooperationsinthe

quarantinewards（隔離病房）ofsomehospitals.

Theargumentsagainstrobotsincludethelossofhumanjobsandtheideathatmachines

couldcontrolourlives.ButnowthatCOVID-19haschangedtheworld,morepeoplewill