第一節(jié)——時(shí)間對(duì) 3、標(biāo)志詞：usedto，no5、判【2011text3】①Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.②Nolonger.③Whiletraditional“paid”media–suchasevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillyamajorrole,paniestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.【全文中心句在此】④Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“owned”mediabywillinglypromotionittofriends，andamayleverage“owned”it指代前文的amediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWeb⑤Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaid 彩為 同義改Consumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyAccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediaTheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedToyotaMotor’sexperienceiscitedasanexampleWhichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyaboutConsumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyobscssedwithonlineshopatcertainWebsites.【無(wú)中生有，未提及onlineshopinspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttothem.【屬于“owned”mediaeagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts.enthusiastic mendingtheirfavoriteDenthusiastic對(duì)應(yīng) mending對(duì)應(yīng)promotion，product對(duì)應(yīng)WhichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyaboutAlternativestoconventionalpaidbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.DominanceofhijackedPopularityofowned【2008text2段：Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors’namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.【would表示過(guò)去的一個(gè)過(guò)程】段：Nolonger.TheInternetandpressurefromfundingagencieswhoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit–ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsarealityTheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentOECD)hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.ThereportbyJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.段：Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.……段：ThisisnowWhichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheTheInternetisposingathreattoAnewmodeofpublicationis ethenewchannelforPublicationisrenderedeasierbyonline做題思路：先排除AD選項(xiàng)，BC【2005text3】Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”--therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearchersthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line.”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,“It’syourdream,”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”Researchershavecometobelievethat eto表示現(xiàn)在canbemodifiedintheiraresusceptibletoemotionalreflectourinnermostdesiresandarea eofneuralC跟D【2006text3】Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimalsTheysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironmentsmallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappearedlargeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreatslow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones【無(wú)中生有】解題思路：C選項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫：May對(duì)應(yīng)could，face對(duì)應(yīng)happen，Same【2007text2】Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228highestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseis100)as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckcoincidence?//It’snotobvioushow

tovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandClearly,inligence passesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofinligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?ThedefiningtermofinligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtests?【解題思路：判斷全文的感彩為↓Supportive.[B]Skeptical[C]Impartial.[D]【2007text3】DuringthepastgenerationtheAmericanmiddle-classfamily（主語(yǔ)）//thatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairytokeepitselffinanciallysecure(從句)//hadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealities.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosisoradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewInjustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,makers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell. WhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthisTheMiddleClassontheAlertTheMiddleClassontheTheMiddleClassinTheMiddleClassinRuinsPs：比較【2004text2-30】【2009text2】Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaternal(fatherly)wisdom–oratleastconfirmthathe'sthekid'sdad.Allheneedstodoissour$30forpaternitytestingkitPTK)athislocaldrugstore–andanother$120togettheresults.Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirst eavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFog,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.MorethantwodozencompaniessellDNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan$2,500.Inparagraphs1and2,thetextshowsPTK's easyflexibilityinpricing解題思路：定位點(diǎn)很明確為第一段和第二段，BDNAThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents--until,itappears,webegintodream.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto aggravateinourunconsciousminddevelopintohappypersisttillthetimewefallshowupindreamsearlyat【2011text2（二】①Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspapers?②Ayearagotheseemednear.③Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreaders（thathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet）.④NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.⑤America’sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabout感howtosavenewspapers.⑥Shouldthey echaritablecorporations?⑦Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?⑧Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.⑨Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate. 彩Themostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe AmericanAmerican:American:AmericanAmerican

StrugglingforSurvivalGonewiththeWindAThrivingBusinessAHopelessB和【2013text1（二】①Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdam②Theaveragemillhasonlytwoemployeestoday,“amanandadog.③Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”①Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingpointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classestodayislargelybecauseofthebigdropindemandbecauseoftheGreatRecession,butisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologywhicharemorerapidlythaneverrecinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworkers.②But,today,averageisofficiallyWhichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitlefortheNewLawTakesEffect[B]TechnologyGoes[D]RecessionIs①WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?②Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangelongago.③Noweventheproject’sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga 指代上文的triangle”ofdebt,populationdeclineandlower①ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.②Itremainstheworld’slargesttradingblock.③Atitsbest,theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemarketof27richand正面態(tài)countriesitsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoodscapitalandlabourthananycomparabletradingarea.④Itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization,andmakecapitalismbenign. 40.RegardingthefutureoftheEU,theauthorseemstofeel 第二課：理解文中的概念性含 文中不同的概念（單詞）【英語(yǔ)一2011text3】2段①Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketers//promotingtheirownproducts.②Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.③Butinsomecases,onemarketer’sownedmedia eanothermarketer’spaidmedia—forinstance,whenan merceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.④WedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationscetheircontentmerceengineswithinthatAccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature asafebusinessenvironment[B]randomcompetition[C]strongusertraffic[D]flexibilityin【2013text1】①Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,yedbyMerylStreepscoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffect②Priestlyexinshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.①Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratwiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fast21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantfor [A]poorbargainingskill[B]insensitivitytofashion[C]obsessionwithhighfashion【BC[D]lackofimagination【2005text3】Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”--therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearchersthatdreamspartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line.”Andleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbeonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,“It’syourdream,”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM上一段的now后面的觀eyemovement)sleep--whenmostvividdreamsoccur--asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain”)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofinlectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday.”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem【什么鬼？】theauthorintendstoshow itsfunctioninourdreams.【itlimbicsystemthemechanismofREMsleeptherelationofdreamstoitsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex解題思路：例子支持觀點(diǎn)。觀點(diǎn)就在段落二的首句：thisview1nowAccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwith WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople’sFromthetextweknowthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddue perfectedartofproducts【重心落在artautomaticbehaviorcommercialTheauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople’shabits ①Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.②Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacksorwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.①“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”saidDr.Curtis,thedirectoroftheHygieneCenterattheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine.②①ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines. ①“Ourproductssucceedwhenthey epartofdailyorweeklypatterns,”saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thethatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.②“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”（一）2010text1 （二）2011（二）2010text2 （二）2012（三）2013text4 （二）2010 2013（二）2013text4&2014text3TheWordsworth’sview,“habits”isclaimedbybeing A. B. C. D.Brainresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofnewhabitscanbe Theword"ruts"(Line1,Paragraph4)isclosestmeaningto Ryan'scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardizedtesting A,preventsnewhabitsformbeingformed【全文中心思想優(yōu)先選擇】B,nolongeremphasizescommonnessC,maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodelD,complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystemDawnaMarkovawouldmostprobablyagreethat Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine."Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,"WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword"habit"carriesanegativeimplication.SoitseemsparadoxicaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandButbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.24題】【2011text3】①Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketers//promotingtheirownproducts.②Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.③Butinsomecases,onemarketer’sowned eanothermarketer’spaidmedia—forinstance,whenan merceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.④Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationscetheircontentor merceengineswithinthatenvironment.⑤Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinits指代上infancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhosandwillnodoubtgofurther.⑥Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonee,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,同義改寫companiesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.3段①Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswith指代voicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetor

ways.②Suchhijackedearnedmedia的eshostagetoconsumers,stakeholders,oractivistswho allegationsaboutabrandorproduct.③Memberssocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthatheycanhijackmediatoapplybusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia inviteconstantswithpassionateconsumers【引起】[B]canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing[C]mayberesponsibleforfiercercompetition【無(wú)中生有】[D]deserveallthenegativecommentsabout

on①Thesamedramatictechnologicalchanges(主語(yǔ)//thathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore（andmorediverse）communicationschoices（定語(yǔ)從句）//havealsoincreasedtherisk（主語(yǔ)）//thatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquickermorevisibleandmuchmoredamaging2017/10/3【2011text3】4段①Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottputtingthereputationofthetarget atrisk.②Insuchacase,the ’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.③ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsen,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasandthesocial-newssiteDigg.ToyotaMotor’sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof 第三中心思想題★★★★★標(biāo)志：mainlyabout/discuss；thebesttitle;thepurpose 全文中心為三者之間找到的交↓↓【2010text2】①Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhat 等于下文的businesscalledbusinessmethods.②Amazon.Comreceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystem.③MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.④Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftingabox.【細(xì)節(jié)】①Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompleyreadytoscaleback 感彩business-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.②Inamovethathasinlectual-propertylawyersabuzz,theU.S.CourtofAppealsfortheFederalCircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.③InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”,saysDennisD.CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchoolofLaw.④It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents①Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwasFederalCircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithits1998decisionintheso-calledStateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.②Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemergingInternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusiverightstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.③Later,moreestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothepunch.④In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatents,despitethefactthatitquestionedthebasisforgrantingthem.⑤Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfirmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthe①TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskinthemarket.②TheFederalCircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould“reconsider”itsStateStreetBankruling.①TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythe就等于 緊隨其Courtthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.②LastApril,for回想上文的scalethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.③ThejudgesontheFederalCircuitare“reactingtotheanti-patenttrendattheSupremeCourt”,saysHaroldC.Wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthethreattothreattobusiness-methodProtectionforbusiness-methodpatenttrendagainstbusiness-methodtrendagainstbusiness-method解題思路先串線——：patent，感彩總體向下——排除B選項(xiàng)留下AD選項(xiàng)，對(duì)象都是patent，感彩都向下，進(jìn)行比較二段①Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompleyreadytoscaleback三段①Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,串演示【2014text2】①Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession—withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.②Buttherearefewceswhere 彩shavemoregroundsforcomintthan①Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmerica(主語(yǔ))//grewtwiceasfastasinflation.②Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoneytemptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.③Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.④轉(zhuǎn)Manyoftheminstead ethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostly①Therearemanyreasonsforthis.②Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.③isjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubjects,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanpreparationforthebarexam.④Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.⑤Law-schooldebtmeansthatmanycannotaffordtogointoernmentornon-profitwork,andthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.①Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.②Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthaterntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.③Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.④Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.⑤Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.⑥Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.①Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.②ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.③Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.④Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeeoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanservesethically.①Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.②Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.③Americashouldfollow.30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses [A]flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica[C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegaleducation1、名詞====縮小對(duì)象范圍（定范圍（及含有感彩的動(dòng)詞和名詞3、副詞====①WhenLiamMcGeedepartedasofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexwassurprisinglystraightup.②Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunninga”③Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.④Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.①M(fèi)cGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindhewantedtorun.②Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.③AndMcGeeisn’talone.④InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexnationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.⑤Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionnsinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.⑥Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.①Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingmakethejumpwithoutanet.②Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%froma辭agoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.③Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.①Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”①Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.辭MarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.WhichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefortheCEOs:WheretoGo?[B]CEOs:AlltheWayUp?TopManagersJumpwithoutaTheOnlyWayOutforTop段①Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely—thoughbynomeansuniformly—glowinglypositive.②Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityfor段①Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionableaswehavegainedadeeperappreciationof rangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.②Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.段①Butsuchgloominessismisced.②Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshavesuch指代出現(xiàn)過(guò)的內(nèi)容，否定之否定，感彩↑小詞大智慧！enduredformillionsofyears—sowhyshouldn'twe?③Takeabroaderlookatourspecies'ceintheuniverse,andit esclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.④LookupHomosapiensinthe“RedList”ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature(),andyouwillread:“ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.”段①Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?②Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganisationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.③Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhasitsflagshipprojectamechanicalclockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyears段①Perhapswillfullyitmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.②Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.③That'sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.段①Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansayconsiderableassurance.②Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshathehistoryofthenet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.段①Thislongmakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelybeapassi