HowtoGetthePooroffOurConscience——JohnKennethGalbraithPeril:danger,hazard,危險inperilPerilous:dangerous,hazardous,危險的，冒險的Plutarch:aGreekhistorian,biographer,andessayist.Ailment:asmallillness,小病，微恙Affluence:wealth,prosper,富裕，豐富

affluentPreoccupation:absorption,allattention

全神貫注，當(dāng)務(wù)之急，關(guān)注的事Anintellectpreoccupation:forcenturiesthosewithhighintellecthavebeensearchingforexplanationstojustifythecoexistenceoftherichandthepoor.

有思想有學(xué)問的人幾百年來孜孜不倦思考探索的問題Propose:打算，計劃，建議，求婚Meek:patientandmild,submissiveTheWealthofNations《國富論》：

writtenbyAdamSmith,afamousScottishmoralphilosopherandeconomist.Thebookisgenerallyrecognizedasthefoundationworkofclassicaleconomics.Inthebook,AdamSmithputforwardthetheoryofthedivisionoflabor.Approve:confirm,agree批準(zhǔn)，贊成Disapprove:disagreeAugment:enlargeorincrease.Diminish:decreaseinsize,extent,orrange.Para:Virtueis,indeedmustbe,self-centered.:Byrightaction,wemeanitmusthelppromotepersonalinterest.Essential:completelynecessary.必要的，必不可少的。（n.）somethingthatisneededinaparticularsituationorinordertodoaparticularthing.(pl.)要素，要點，本質(zhì)。Fecund:[‘fik?nd],(adj.)abletoproducealotofchildren,crops,etc.fertile,prolific.肥沃的，多產(chǎn)的Fecundity:[f?'k?nditi]

(n.)多產(chǎn),富饒,繁殖力

grievous:veryseriousandoftencausinggreatpainorsuffering.令人悲痛的,悲傷的,極嚴(yán)重的;

grieve:~(for/oversb/sth)tofeelverysad,especiallybecausesbhasdied:使悲痛，使傷心

Subsistence:thestateofhavingjustenoughmoneyorfoodtostayalive:Manyfamiliesarelivingbelowthelevelofsubsistence.生存，生計Amelioration:improvementorbetterment,改善，改良Para:However,Malthuswashimselfnotwithoutacertainfeelingofresponsibility:….afullyeffectivemethodofbirthcontrol.Malthusurgedthatthemarriageceremonyshouldcontainawarningtopeoplenottohaveexcessivesexualintercourseandtoomanychildren.By“irresponsible”,Malthusmeantthatsexualintercourseshouldnotbeconductedoutoflust,Withoutthinkingofconsequences.Malthushopedthatinthisway,birthcontrolcouldbeaccomplished.Buttheauthorsaidthatthewarninghadnotbeenaccepted.TheauthoragreedthatMalthusmeantwellbutironicallyimpliedthatitwasna?vetoexpectthathumanswouldbeconvincedbytheMalthusianargument.Override,(v.)touseyourauthoritytorejectsb‘sdecision,order,etc.不顧，不理睬，否決；壓倒，優(yōu)先于

overriding,[onlybeforenoun]moreimportantthananythingelseinaparticularsituation:theoverridingfactor/consideration/concern◆Theiroverridingaimwastokeepcostslow.◆Timewasofoverridingimportance.最主要的Extrude,(v.)toforceorpushsth.outofsth.;tobeforcedorpushedinthisway擠出,壓出,逐出美國這朵玫瑰花以其華貴與芳香讓觀眾傾倒，贊不絕口。而她之所以能被培植出來，就是因為在早期其周圍的花蕾給掐掉了。在經(jīng)濟生活中情況亦是如此。這是自然規(guī)律和上帝意志在起作用。Para:Itdeclinedinpopularity,andreferencestoitacquiredacondemnatorytone.peoplebegantorejectSocialDarwinismbecauseitseemedtoglorifybrutalforceandopposetreasuredvaluesofsympathy,love,andfriendship.Therefore,whenitwasmentioned,itwasusuallythetargetofcriticism.Amorphous:(adjective)[usuallybeforenoun](written)havingnodefiniteshape,formorstructure

虛無的，無定形的Substantialmeasureofresponsibility:在很大程度上負有責(zé)任

unemploymentinsurance:失業(yè)保險

theunemployableandthehandicapped:無法就業(yè)和殘疾人

directrelief:直接救濟

MedicareandMedicaid:醫(yī)療照顧和醫(yī)療補助Suspend:(v.)1，tohangsthfromsthelse:Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.懸掛

2，toofficiallystopsthforatime中止

3，toofficiallypreventsbfromdoingtheirjob,goingtoschool,etc.foratime:◆Shewassuspendedfromschoolforaweek.使停職;使暫停參加活動;使休學(xué)

unrewarding:沒有補償?shù)?無報酬的Procure:toobtainsth,especiallywithdifficulty獲得

procurement獲得Allegation:apublicstatementthatismadewithoutgivingproof,accusingsbofdoingsththatiswrongorillegal:Severalnewspapersmadeallegationsofcorruptioninthecity‘spolicedepartment.

指控，斷言，主張Theessenceofthefirstdesign:ItistotakeawaytheresponsibilitytoaidthepoorfromthegovernmentandtoputanendtothesocialwelfarepoliciessincetheNewDeal.Whatistheargumentofthefirstdesign?Theargumentrunslikethis:mostoftheassistancetothepoorhastobeundertakenbythegovernment,butthegovernmentisinessenceincompetentandineffectiveandwillmakeamessofthejob.Therefore,thegovernmentshouldnotbeaskedtoaidthepoor.Bureau:寫字臺,書桌衣櫥;梳妝臺(政府機構(gòu)的)局,司,署,處Bureaucrat:官僚;官僚主義者bureaucracyReplete:filledwith,rifewith,充滿的，充斥的Overwhelmingly,巨大地，壓倒性地，極好地Aberration:越軌，誤差，偏差，失常

amentalaberrationMorale:mentalfeelingorspirit,especiallyfeelingsofconfidenceorhope.士氣，斗志，人心。Seduce:succeedintempting(alessexperiencedperson)intohavingsexualintercourse:誘奸，勾引

peusuadeorattract(aperson)intodoingorthinking.引誘，誘惑，吸引

Inflict:1.give(ablow)orimpose:給予，強加2.cause(damage,suffering,punishment)導(dǎo)致（破壞，痛苦，懲罰等）Adverse；notinfavourof,goagainst,opposing.不利的，逆的，反對的Incentive:motive,stimulus.動機，鼓勵，激勵。Competitionisthestrongestincentivetoindustry.Feckless:無目標(biāo)的，無計劃的，無效的，不負責(zé)的Para:beliefcanbetheservantoftruth—butevenmoreofconvenience.Beliefcanbeusefulinthesearchfortruth.Butmoreoftethannot,itisacceptedbecauseitisconvenientandself-serving.

信念可以是真理的仆人—但更多的情況下，只是一時之需。Presume:suppose,takeforgrantedwithoutproving.假定，以為，推測Maximum,Heplayedhisgiftandtalenttothemaximum(full).Minimum:Governmentistakingmeasurestomakethedamageofeconomicdepressionbereducedtotheminimum.Enduring:lasting,permanent持久的Transparent:(ofglass,plastic,etc.)allowingyoutoseethroughit:Theinsect‘swingsarealmosttransparent.透明的，明顯的，清晰的negativeincometax

n.<美>逆所得稅,最低收入補貼(美國聯(lián)邦政府對低收入者或家庭的一種補助)Impoverish:tomakesbpoor:使貧窮，使赤貧Cherish:(1)tolovesb/sthverymuchandwanttoprotectthemorit:Childrenneedtobecherished.珍愛;珍視，撫育;愛護

(2)tokeepanidea,ahopeorapleasantfeelinginyourmindforalongtime:懷有，抱有（情感，希望）◆Hecherishesthehopethatonedaytheywillmeetagain.Resort:訴諸,憑借,求助[(+to)]

Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptthatheresortedtoforce.(n.)aplacewherealotofpeoplegoonholiday/vacation:度假勝地，名勝等seaside/ski/mountainresorts

（n.）手段，采用的方法

Strikeactionshouldberegardedasalastresort,whenallattemptstonegotiatehavefailed.Ahighlyprobableextinction:referstothepossibleoutbreakofanuclearwar,byplanorbyaccident,whichwilldestroythewholeworld.Resolve:tomakeafirmdecisiontodosth:決心，決定A.F.D.C.:對有未成年子女家庭的補助Foodstamps:食品券Workers’Compensation:工人（失業(yè)）補助金Subsidizedhousing:住房補貼Disabilityinsurance:傷殘保險Triage:(inahospital)theprocessofdecidinghowseriouslyill/sickorinjuredapersonis,sothatthemostseriouscasescanbetreatedfirst.傷員鑒別分類，優(yōu)先分配Compassion:~(forsb)astrongfeelingofsympathyforpeoplewhoaresufferingandadesiretohelpthem:同情，憐憫Tranquil:(adj.)quietandpeaceful:平靜的，安寧的

tranquility:安靜，平靜，社會穩(wěn)定Q:Wha