學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精專題五閱讀補(bǔ)全（七選五）Passage1(2018課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項.選項中有兩項為多余選項。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign—somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou’lllovetolivein。Doyouwantaroomthat’sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?1,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel。

Overtheyears，therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint。2，theycangetalittlecomplex。Butgoodnewsisthatthere’rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome：thesmallones，themediumones,andthelargeones.

3.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows，mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms。Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.

Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves。4。Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones，andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.

Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings，andfloors。Whetheryou’relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime，effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.5.

A。WhileallofthemareusefulB。Whateveryou’relookingforC。Ifyou’reexperimentingwithacolorD.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe’remostfamiliarwithE.It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG。Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways答案[語篇解讀］本文為說明文，介紹了在家居裝修時如何選擇顏色。只需作出三個決定即可：抱枕、鏡子等小物件的顏色選擇;沙發(fā)、餐桌等中等物件的顏色選擇;墻面、天花板、地板等大物件的顏色選擇。1.B本句為細(xì)節(jié)句。上文指出,你是想要一個充滿生機(jī)的房間呢？還是專業(yè)的房間？或者你只是在尋找漫長的一天過后供你休息的場所呢?本句應(yīng)該對上文的問題作出回應(yīng)，B項符合語境,句意為“無論你在找什么樣的房間,要想讓房間給你想要的感覺,顏色至關(guān)重要”。B項中的lookingfor為原詞再現(xiàn)。2。A本句為細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出,在過去的這些年,有很多不同的技巧幫助設(shè)計者達(dá)到這重要的一點。本句應(yīng)該對這些技巧作出回應(yīng)，A項符合語境，句意為“雖然所有的技巧都有用處,但是它們有點兒復(fù)雜”.A項中的allofthem代指上句中的differenttechniques。3.D本句為主題句。上段末尾指出了需要作出的三個決定(thesmallones，themediumones,andthelargeones)。根據(jù)最后兩段首句（Mediumcolorchoices..。和Thelargecolordecisions。。.)可知,這兩段分別介紹了后兩個決定,結(jié)合段落內(nèi)容可知本段介紹第一個決定,故D項（Smallcolorchoices...)符合段落主題。4.G本句為過渡句。本段介紹了對家具這樣的中等物件作出顏色選擇。空格前的句子列舉了中等物件的例子，空格后的由and連接的兩個分句從兩方面與小物件的顏色選擇進(jìn)行了比較,故G項符合語境。twomajorways與下句內(nèi)容一致。5。F本句為細(xì)節(jié)句。上文指出，在對大物件的顏色作出選擇時,付出的時間、精力和相關(guān)的費(fèi)用都意義重大，F(xiàn)項為該話題的延續(xù)，符合語境，意為“因為你想要第一次就選好，所以這肯定是劃算的"。Passage2（2018課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項.選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!Withsuchbusylives，itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout。1Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit。

●Yourproductivityisimproved。Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday。2

●Yourmetabolism（新陳代謝)getsaheadstart。3Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep。

●4Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.

●5Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood？Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices。

Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings。Setyouralarmclockanhourearlyandpushyourselftoworkout!Youwillfeelenergizedalldaylong.A。Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C。Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood。D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning。E。Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4—10hoursafterexercise。F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday。G。Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!答案［語篇解讀］本文為說明文。早上鍛煉不僅有利于身體健康,而且還可以提高效率、促進(jìn)新陳代謝、提高睡眠質(zhì)量并幫你保持良好的飲食習(xí)慣。1。G本句為過渡句?？崭袂暗木渥又赋鲈诜泵Φ纳钪泻茈y找到時間鍛煉，空格后的句子則指出了早上鍛煉具有許多益處，G項意為“如果你計劃定期鍛煉或者現(xiàn)在正在鍛煉,那么注意聽!”，能很好地連接上下文,故G項正確。2.E本句為細(xì)節(jié)句。本段指出早上鍛煉有助于提高效率，讓你更加清醒地處理這一天的事情,E項意為“鍛煉后的4到10個小時內(nèi),你可以保持清醒的頭腦”。awake與E項中的keepyourheadclear意思一致.3。F本句為細(xì)節(jié)句。F項中的“continuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday(整整一天持續(xù)燃燒卡路里)"與設(shè)空處后句中的“willbegettingthecalorieburningbenefitsforthewholeday(整整一天都會受益于卡路里的燃燒）”意義一致,故F項正確.4。B本句為主旨句。本段指出,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)早起鍛煉的人比晚上鍛煉的人睡眠更好,故B項符合本段主旨,意為“你的睡眠質(zhì)量會有所提高”.5.A本句為主旨句。閱讀本段可知，早上鍛煉，你會更有可能全天堅持健康飲食,因為你不想因為吃垃圾食品而毀掉鍛煉的積極效果。A項符合本段主旨，意為“你會堅持你的飲食習(xí)慣”。stickto為原詞再現(xiàn)。Passage3（2018課標(biāo)全國Ⅲ)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Beforetherewasthewrittenword，therewasthelanguageofdance。Danceexpressesloveandhate,joyandsorrow，lifeanddeath，andeverythingelseinbetween.1WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea。Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime。

“Iadoredancing,"saysLesterBridges，theownerofadancestudioinIowa?！癐can'timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife.”Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages。“Teachingdanceiswonderful。2It’sgreattowatchthem。Formanyofthem，it’sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife.”

3“Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple，”saysBridges.“They'relearningtodotraditionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.4”

So，dowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter,calmer,healthier?AndreaHilliersays,“Dance,likethepatternofabeatingheart,islife。Evenafteralltheseyears，Iwanttogetbetterandbetter.5Ifindithardtostop!DancingremindsmeI'malive?！?/p>

A。Sowhydowedance?B.DanceintheU.S.iseverywhere.C。Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,cometoAmerica。D。Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung。E。IkeeppracticingevenwhenI’mextremelytired。F。Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely。G。Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing。答案［語篇解讀］本文是一篇記敘文。在文中作者首先描述了跳舞在美國的受歡迎程度，接著描述了自己一生為跳舞瘋狂的生活。1。B本句為主旨句?？崭裎挥诙问住？崭窈竺枋鎏柙诿绹牧餍谐潭?從佛羅里達(dá)州到阿拉斯加州，從北到南到大海上。在婚禮上、在生日派對上、在辦公室派對上人們都在跳舞。由此可知到處都能看到美國人在跳舞，與B項吻合，所以答案為B項。2。D本句為過渡句。空格前作者用直接引語的方式描述了“教舞蹈簡直太美妙了"。空格后句子中出現(xiàn)的代詞them指代的就是Bridges所教的學(xué)生。D項中的students和them相對應(yīng),所以答案為D項.即我的那些年齡大的學(xué)生說舞蹈讓他們感覺自己年輕.3。A本句為主旨句?？崭裎挥诙问?。后面以一對年輕夫妻為例說明了跳舞給他們帶來的好處.由此推斷出本段是描述跳舞會給一個人的情緒帶來巨大的影響，這就是人們喜歡跳舞的原因.這與A項(那么,我們?yōu)槭裁匆枘?）相符。4。F本句為細(xì)節(jié)句?？崭袂懊枋鲞@對夫妻剛來到舞蹈班時情緒低落，當(dāng)他們離開的時候臉上露出了微笑。這都是舞蹈給他們的情緒帶來的變化。這與F項（舞蹈好像徹底改變了他們的情緒。）相符.5.E本句為過渡句?？崭袂懊枋鲞@么多年來Hillier想跳得越來越好?？崭窈竺枋鯤illier發(fā)現(xiàn)自己就是停不下來，跳舞讓Hillier知道自己還活著。作為前后過渡的空格處應(yīng)該與Hillier一直不停地跳舞相關(guān),這與E項（即使當(dāng)我非常累的時候我還在練習(xí)跳舞。）相符。Passage4(2017課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping，Iwouldhavelaughedheartily。Campers,inmyeyes，werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites，ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme。1

Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer。2Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom。ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning。

Iwas,nevertheless，talkedintogoingonanotherfun—filledholidayinthewilderness.3Instead，wehadapop—upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature—lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.

4Wehavedonealotofitsince。Recently,weboughtatwenty—eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt—inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom，amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator。Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.

5Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater，everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature。Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle。

A.Thistimetherewasnotent。B。Thingsaregoingtobeimproved。C。Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone。D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E。ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F。Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G。Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall。答案［語篇解讀]本文為記敘文。三年前，如果有人說我會將大部分周末用來野營，我會開懷大笑。但也就是從那時起,我開始野營并深深迷戀上它。相信有一天,你也會回到大自然中去。1.D上文指出,三年前，我不相信自己會用大部分周末去野營,參加野營的人會經(jīng)歷種種困難,我和他們不是一類人.下文講到了自己迷戀上野營的過程，故此處有引起下文的作用。D項符合語境,與前面的內(nèi)容有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。句意：但是,從那時起我注定會學(xué)到很多關(guān)于野營的東西。2.C空后主要介紹了首次野營中遇到的困難與艱苦,故C項符合本段內(nèi)容。rough(令人不快的；艱難的）是關(guān)鍵詞。3。A由空后的內(nèi)容及前面的another可知,A項可將前后句有效銜接起來.4。F本句位于段首，起到了承上啟下的作用。上段提到了第二次較為舒適的野營，下文指出自此之后進(jìn)行了多次野營，且裝備更加完善。F項意為“這次行程之后,我們一家人對野營產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣",下文中的we指代myfamily,該句有效地連接了上下文。5。E本句位于最后一段，起到了總結(jié)全文的作用,且與文章開頭提到的三年前不喜歡野營相呼應(yīng)。E項符合語境，意為“我不得不說我絕對已經(jīng)喜歡上了野營"。重點詞匯①heartilyadv.開懷地②pop-upadj.有彈出功能的③campern。野營車④trailern.拖車；(拖車式)活動房屋長難句IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily。三年前如果有人說我會用大部分周末來野營,我會開懷大笑。本句為復(fù)合句，且采用了虛擬語氣。因為是對過去的虛擬，故本句中條件狀語從句為過去完成時態(tài)，主句采用了“wouldhavedone”結(jié)構(gòu).that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。Passage5(2017課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou'retryingtogetworkdone。1,thereareseveralwaystohandlethings。Let’stakealookatthemnow。

2.Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskifthetwoofyoucantalkatadifferenttime.

Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou，havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou’llfindthemthen。3。Itcanhelptoeliminate(消除）futureinterruptions。

Whenyouneedtotalktosomeone，don’tdoitinyourownoffice.4,it’smucheasiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare.

Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.5。Ifsomeoneknocksandit’snotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou'rebusysotheycangetthehint（暗示）thatwhenthedoorisclosed，you’renottobedisturbed.

A。Ifyou’rebusy,don’tfeelbadaboutsayingnoB。WhenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatworkC.SetboundariesforyourselfasfarasyourtimegoesD.Ifyou’reintheotherperson'sofficeorinapublicareaE。It'simportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyou'llbeavailableF.ItmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshortwhentheyinterruptyouG.Leaveitopenwhenyou’reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou’renot答案[語篇解讀]工作時最糟糕的事情之一就是受到干擾。本文介紹了在工作中避免被干擾的幾種方法。1.B空格處為從句，空格后的句子為主句,只有B項和D項符合要求。主句指出“有幾種可以解決問題的方法”,B項意為“當(dāng)你想在工作中避免受到干擾時”，符合語境要求.D項意為“如果你在別人的辦公室或者公共場所”,與主句所述內(nèi)容不一致。2。A下文表達(dá)的是“向他人道歉，并向他解釋你有很多事情要做，然后問一問你們兩個人能否在別的時間再談"，由此可知A項“如果你很忙，不要因為拒絕別人而感到愧疚”符合語境。3。E上文指出，別人想干擾你時，要設(shè)定好時間,讓別人知道什么時候再來找你或你什么時候去找他們。下文指出，這樣有助于消除后續(xù)的干擾。結(jié)合上下文可知，E項“讓他們知道你什么時候有空很重要”符合語境.4。D上文指出,你需要和他人談?wù)剷r,不要在自己的辦公室做這件事.下文對此進(jìn)行解釋說明:“在別人辦公室或者公共場所,更容易找借口回去工作”.D項符合語境.5.Gdoor為關(guān)鍵詞。上文指出,如果辦公室有一扇門的話，要充分利用.G項意為“有空交談時就開著門,反之則關(guān)上門”，下文對此做法進(jìn)行了解釋說明。故G項符合語境。重點詞匯①interruptionn。打擾；插嘴②excusev.為……找理由長難句Ifsomeoneknocksandit’snotanimportantmatter，excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou’rebusysotheycangetthehintthatwhenthedoorisclosed,you’renottobedisturbed。如果有人敲門并且不是重要的事情,那你就可以為自己找個理由,讓這個人知道你很忙，這樣他們就可以得到這樣的暗示：門關(guān)著時,你不想受到干擾。該句為復(fù)合句，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,so（that)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。hint后為that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，從句中還含有when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。Passage6（2017課標(biāo)全國Ⅲ)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinresettingyourbodyclock。1Here’showtomakeone.

●2Inordertomakeachange，youneedtodecidewhyit’simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday？Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.

●Rethinkmornings。Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup，considerre—arrangingyourmorningactivities。Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes，andbags。3That’saquarter-hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer。

●Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends。Ifyou’retiredoutbyFridaynight，sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful。Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek，arecentstudyfound。4

●Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou’vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.5Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.

A。Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation。C。Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking，keepitup.F。Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.G。Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.答案［語篇解讀］本文為說明文。很多人認(rèn)為早上不能按時起床是設(shè)定的鬧鈴的問題.實際上,按時起床關(guān)鍵在于重新設(shè)定自己的生物鐘.文章介紹了如何制訂一個更好的睡眠計劃。1.C上句提到了“事實上,重設(shè)生物鐘是早上輕松醒來的關(guān)鍵”,本句對此作出回應(yīng),且應(yīng)該指出下句中“makeone”中one所指代的內(nèi)容，C項符合語境需要,意為“更好的睡眠計劃可以對此有所幫助"。2.B根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知,本段主要介紹了對睡眠計劃作出調(diào)整的一些動機(jī),如早起和家人一起吃早飯、鍛煉身體、為新的一天做更好的準(zhǔn)備等,故B項符合本段主旨,意為“找到合適的動機(jī)”。3.G下句提到“如果你買一臺可以定時的咖啡機(jī)的話，就可以多睡15分鐘”，coffee以及aquarter-hour為關(guān)鍵詞。G項符合語境,意為“重新考慮你在咖啡店排隊買咖啡要花費(fèi)的15分鐘時間”,與下句相呼應(yīng).4。F根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知,即便在周末也要堅持自己的計劃，一旦周末違反計劃，會影響接下來的一周.本句是對上文的總結(jié)，F(xiàn)項符合語境，意為“無論哪一天都要堅持已設(shè)定的睡眠和醒來時間”.5。E上文指出一周后要對自己的記錄作出評估，本句應(yīng)該是某種評估結(jié)果，再結(jié)合下句可知E項符合上下文語境,意為“如果你采取的措施奏效,就要堅持下去”。重點詞匯①puttheblameon。.。把責(zé)任歸咎于……②keeptrackof了解……的動態(tài)③compensatev.補(bǔ)償長難句Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerre—arrangingyourmorningactivities。既然你知道自己要醒來的原因，那么考慮重新安排一下你早上的活動吧。nowthat意為“既然”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，主句為祈使句。在原因狀語從句中why引導(dǎo)賓語從句.Passage7根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項.選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoDoMan-on—the-StreetInterviewsTheman-on—the-streetinterviewisaninterviewinwhichareporterhitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthespot.1Butwiththesetips，yourfirstman—on-the—streetinterviewexperiencecanbeeasy。

·Whenyourbossorprofessorsendsyououttodoman-on—the-streetinterviewsforastory，thinkaboutthetopicanddevelopalistofabouttengeneralquestionsrelatingtoit.Forexample,ifyourtopicisaboutenvironmentalproblemsinAmerica，youmightask，“WhydoyouthinkenvironmentalprotectionisimportantinAmerica？”2

·Hitthestreetswithconfidence。3Say，“Excuseme，IworkforXYZNews,andIwaswonderingifyoucouldshareyouropinionaboutthistopic.”Thisisaquickwaytogetpeopletowarmuptoyou.

·Moveontothenextpersonifsomeonetellsyousheisnotinterestedintalkingoncamera。Don’tgetdiscouraged?！?Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldn’tbelongerthantenminutes.Assoonasyougettheansweryouneed,moveontothenextperson。Makesurethatasyougofrominterviewtointerview,youaregettingavarietyofanswers.Ifeveryoneisgivingyouthesameanswer，youwon’tbeabletouseit。Asafenumberofinterviewstoconductisaboutsixtoten.5

·Ifyournewsstationorschoolrequiresintervieweestosignreleaseformstoappearontheair,don’tleaveworkwithoutthem.A。Limityourtime。B.Asyouapproachpeople,bepolite。C。Ifyoudon’townacamera，youcanbuyone.D。Fornewreporters，thiscanseemlikeachallengingtask。E.Togetgoodandusefulresults，askthemthesamequestion.F.Thatnumberofinterviewsshouldgiveyoualltheanswersyouneed.G。Withaquestionlikethis,youwillgetmorethana“Yes”or“No”reply.答案［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文。文章就“如何做好街頭采訪”給出了一些建議。1.D該空的前句引入“街頭采訪”這一話題，此空表示“對于新記者來說,這似乎是一個具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)"，引出下文的建議.2。G此段落的建議是“事先準(zhǔn)備好問題”,并舉例進(jìn)行了說明。G項中的this指代上句舉出的問題,很好地契合了上文.3。B此段的建議主要圍繞采訪時的態(tài)度展開。從空后的“Excuseme”可知，接近被采訪者時要有禮貌。故B項符合題意。4。A此空下句說“每次采訪的時間不要超過10分鐘”,所以此處選A.5.F此空上文提到“采訪時需要得到不同的答案，進(jìn)行大約六到十次采訪更穩(wěn)妥些"，而F項“這一采訪數(shù)量應(yīng)該能給你你想要的答案”正好能與上文密切連接。重點詞匯①relateto與……有關(guān)②environmentalprotection環(huán)境保護(hù)③avarietyof各種各樣的④hitv.打擊;碰撞；此處意為“拍攝"⑤warmup熟悉長難句Theman-on-the-streetinterviewisaninterviewinwhichareporterhitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthespot。街頭采訪指的是一個記者帶著攝像師在街上現(xiàn)場采訪他人的采訪。這是一個復(fù)合句，其中inwhich引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，修飾interview。Passage8根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Everyanimalsleeps，butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.1

Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories。2Weknowthat，whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing（加強(qiáng)）connectionsbetweenbraincells，butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear。

Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons（神經(jīng)元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight，makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday。3

Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright。4Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep，showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping。

IfTononi’stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy，whenwemissanight’ssleep,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize。5“Youkeepwhatmatters，"Tononisays.

A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B。It’sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories。C。Similarly，whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping，theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E。That’swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi，whodevelopedtheidea。G.Tononi’steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses，inthebrainsof12mice。答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文。研究表明，睡眠期間腦細(xì)胞之間的關(guān)聯(lián)會減弱,從而使大腦為新的記憶騰出空間，但是對于重要的記憶，大腦則會對其加以保護(hù)。1。C上句指出，當(dāng)不允許實驗室的老鼠睡覺時，它們在一個月之內(nèi)就死去了.本句是上句的延伸，由動物轉(zhuǎn)移到了人類。C項符合語境,意為“同樣，人幾天不睡覺的話也會生病”。2。E上句指出睡眠有助于加強(qiáng)新的記憶,下文對此進(jìn)行了解釋。本句應(yīng)該是對這個觀點的回應(yīng),E項“那也就是為什么學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)之后如果有機(jī)會睡覺的話,他們就會考得更好”符合語境。3。F下段首句指出“現(xiàn)在我們有最直接的證據(jù)證明他是正確的”,由此可知本句應(yīng)指出某人的觀點.結(jié)合本段提出的“睡覺期間神經(jīng)元之間的關(guān)聯(lián)減弱，從而為第二天要形成的新記憶騰出空間”，可以判斷F項符合語境.4。G下句的synapses以及themice為關(guān)鍵線索。下文指出了老鼠在睡完一覺后和睡覺前“synapses”的不同,所以本句應(yīng)該指出本次試驗的內(nèi)容，故G項符合語境。5.B上句指出,研究團(tuán)隊發(fā)現(xiàn)某些神經(jīng)突觸似乎得到了保護(hù),并未發(fā)生變化，這正是對某些重要記憶的保護(hù),故B項正確.重點詞匯①foggyadj.模糊的；有霧的②makeroomfor為……騰出空間③matterv.重要;要緊；有關(guān)系長難句Weknowthat,whileawake，freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcingconnectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear。我們知道，在醒著的時候，通過加強(qiáng)大腦細(xì)胞之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，新的記憶被記住，但在我們睡覺時發(fā)生的記憶過程還不清楚。本句為并列復(fù)合句.連詞but連接了兩個并列分句,在前一分句中,謂語動詞know后為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,whileawake作狀語;在后一分句中，that為關(guān)系代詞,代指先行詞thememoryprocesses，whilewesleep為時間狀語從句。Passage9(2016課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Secretcodes（密碼)keepmessagesprivate.Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer。Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears。1Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.

Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.2Forexample，thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme。"

3Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,forexample.Let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder，from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme"wouldread“135520135?！?/p>

Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences。Toreadthemessageofarealcode，youmusthaveacodebook.4Forexample,“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me”.Themessage“Bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme."5However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently。

A。Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes，peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E。Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout。F。Withacodebook，youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords。G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.答案［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文.介紹了密碼的用途、歷史以及三種密碼方式.1。D上句提到：人們使用密碼已經(jīng)幾千年了.下句提到：密碼的破解從未太落后于密碼的設(shè)定。由此可知D項符合語境,意為“只要有密碼,人們就會盡力去破解它們?！?。E上句提到：有三種主要的密碼設(shè)定方式。下句提到：例如，“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels"的首字母就拼出了“Meetme"這一隱藏起來的信息。由此可知本句應(yīng)該為一種密碼的設(shè)定方式,根據(jù)下句舉到的例子，可知E項正確,意為“你可以用每個單詞的首字母拼寫出一條信息，以此來隱藏它?！?。G上段指出有三種主要的密碼設(shè)定方式，上段已經(jīng)提到了一種,本段應(yīng)該指出另外一種.下文舉例說明了用數(shù)字來代替字母的密碼方式,由此可知G項能起到統(tǒng)領(lǐng)本段的作用，意為“另外一種隱藏信息的方式就是用符號來代替字母表中特定的字母?！?.F上句指出：要解讀某個真實密碼的信息,你必須要有密碼本。本句是對上句的解釋說明，結(jié)合下文舉到的例子,可推斷出本句主要解釋如何利用密碼本來破解隱藏起來的信息。F項符合語境，意為“擁有了密碼本，你也許就能寫出代表其他單詞的單詞.”5。A上文指出了利用密碼本來破解密碼的方式。A項是總結(jié)上文內(nèi)容得出的結(jié)論,意為“沒有密碼本就很難破解密碼”，而且根據(jù)下句“。。.itisalsohardto...”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)也可得知A項符合語境。長難句Banks，companies，andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness，especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer。銀行、公司和政府機(jī)構(gòu)在辦公時都使用密碼,尤其是在信息是由電腦發(fā)出的時候.本句為主從復(fù)合句。本句中use。.。in.。。為常用結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“在某方面使用……”，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句.Passage10（2016課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項.選項中有兩項為多余選項。Agardenthat'sjustrightforyouHaveyouevervisitedagardenthatseemedjustrightforyou，wheretheatmosphereofthegardenappearedtototalmorethanthesum（總和）ofitsparts？1。Butitdoesn'thappenbyaccident。Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.

●2

Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers，patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers（肥料)。3.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden。Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.

●Recall（回憶）yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma’srosegardenandDad'svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat'snotwhat’simportant.4—howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel。Ifyou’dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden，startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth。5。Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun。

A.KnowwhyyougardenB.FindagoodplaceforyourowngardenC.It’sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersD.It’sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersE。StillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplantsF。Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden，tooG。Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave答案[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文.介紹了如何種植和經(jīng)營好自己的花園和菜園。1.F上句提到了氛圍,F項中thatkindofmagicalquality指代上句中的內(nèi)容,故選F項。2.A本段列舉了一些人的觀點之后,提到otherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden,由此可以推斷出本段的主旨就是：你要知道自己為什么要種植花木.3.E根據(jù)本段中的Somepeoplemaythinkthat。..Othersareconcernedabout...可推斷出此處應(yīng)該是：Stillothersmay。。.。4.C上句提到：但是那并不重要.本句應(yīng)為：重要的是我們自己種植花木的經(jīng)歷。matters=isimportant，故選C項。5。G上句提到:通過花費(fèi)時間回想你青年時期的園子開始吧。本句應(yīng)為：為記憶中的每一個園子，寫下你最深刻的記憶。引出下文:然后走出去，制訂一個計劃把你小時候的記憶轉(zhuǎn)化為你成年后的園子.重點詞匯①atmospheren。氛圍，氣氛②withrespectto就……而言,關(guān)于③approachv。接近,靠近,著手處理④bondn。關(guān)系，紐帶長難句Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess。它開始于深刻剖析自己，明白就自然界而言你是誰以及你是如何處理種植花木的過程的。第一個with后兩個并列的動名詞作賓語。在understanding后有who和how引導(dǎo)的兩個賓語從句。Passage11(2016課標(biāo)全國Ⅲ）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項.選項中有兩項為多余選項。Everyoneknowsthatfishisgoodforhealth.1Butitseemsthatmanypeopledon'tcookfishathome.Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperpersonperyear，butweeattwiceasmuchfishinrestaurantsasathome。Buying,storing，andcookingfishisn’tdifficult.2Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway。

3Freshfishshouldsmellsweet：youshouldfeelthatyou’restandingattheocean’sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn’tfresh。4Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you'dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon’tcookitimmediately，butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo。Frozenfishisn’tastastyasthefreshone.

Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish。5First,cleanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices(調(diào)料）。Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutesifitweighsaboutonepound.（Alargeronewilltakemoretime.）Then,it'sreadytoserve。

A.Donotbuyit.B.Theeasiestistosteamit。C.Thisishowyoucandoit.D。Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge。E.Thefishwillgobadwithinhours.F.Whenbuyingfish,youshouldfirstsmellit.G。Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文，介紹了買魚和烹飪魚的小竅門。1。G上句提到吃魚對人的健康有益,本句是對上句的解釋說明,G項符合語境，意為“人們認(rèn)為魚的脂肪有助于預(yù)防心臟病。"2。D上句指出:購買、儲存和烹飪魚并不是難事。本句承接上句，D項符合語境,意為“它只需要一點兒知識”。3.F下文指出了新鮮的魚和不新鮮的魚都有什么氣味,由此可判斷F項為主題句,意為“買魚時應(yīng)該先聞聞味道”。4.A上句指出有腥味或者味兒很大的魚不新鮮,本句承接上句,指出不要購買這樣的魚,故A項正確.5。B上文指出做魚的方法有很多種，根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的steam可知此處講述了清蒸的方法,故B項正確，意為“最簡單的方法就是清蒸”。重點詞匯①fishyadj.有魚腥味的②storev.儲存,儲藏③seasonv.給……調(diào)味長難句Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome，you’dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon'tcookitimmediately，butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.你買完魚到家后，如果不立即烹飪的話，最好把它儲存在冰箱里,但是鮮魚應(yīng)該在冰箱中只存放一兩天。本句為復(fù)合句,when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。Passage12(2016四川）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Bothmenandwomenarelivinglongerthesedaysinindustrializedcountries.1Ingeneral，theycanexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen.Onereasonforthisisbiological。

Oneimportantbiologicalfactorthathelpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen。2Betweentheagesofabout12and50，womenproducehormonesthatareinvolvedinfertility（生育能力）。Thesehormonesalsohaveapositiveeffectontheheartandthebloodflow.Infact,womenarelesslikelytohavehighbloodpressureortodiefromheartattacks.

3Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections。Thismeansthatwomengenerallyge