學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精2021高考英語通用一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)：考點(diǎn)二十一說理議論類含解析考點(diǎn)二十一說理議論類A限時7分鐘Irecentlycameincontactwithcelebritymagazines.Myfamilyisn'tonetogivemoneyforpicturesofskinny，drunkcelebritieswithparagraphsabouttheirrelationshipsandshoppingcarttimes。Thus,Iwasexcitedtofinallygetachancetoreadaboutotherpeople'sattractiveyettroubledlives.RightawayInoticedhoweachmagazineseemedtobeacopyoftheother.Theyhadheadlinesandpicturesthatwerealmostthesame。Still，thepicturesofperfectlyconstructedfaceswithcutedesigneroutfitsgoingonwiththeirdailylivesmademereadon。Wait，celebritiestakingtheirdogsforawalk?Spendinganafternoonatapark?Allofthesethingsseemedsoordinary—thingsmyownfamilyandIdotogetheroften.Isuddenlyrealizedhowunextraordinarythepeopleinthesemagazineswere.Theyaresimplynormalpeoplewhohappentohaveacooljobandmuchmoney。Forsomereason，picturesofthemdoingthingslikebuyingmilkatthestoreappealtomillionsofreaders。Then,whentheseregularpeoplemessup，theirmistakesarepaintedontohundredsofnewspapersandInternetsites。Whatifeverytimewemadeamistake，itwasmadepublic？Haveyoueverfailedatest?Imagineseeingpicturesofyouonthefrontofanewspaperwithheadlineslike,“RegularSchoolingIsn’tEnough”.You’dbeembarrassed.Now，I’mnotnecessarilytakingthecelebrity’sside.I’mmorerealizingthefactthatthesepeoplewearecrazyaboutarejustordinaryhumanbeingswithmanyphotographsfollowingthemaround.Rolemodels？I’dthinknot.Personally,I’dratherlookuptopeopleinanycommunitywhohaveaccomplishedalotinsteadofanordinarypersonwalkinghisdoginBerverlyHills。篇章導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇議論文。文章講述了作者通過閱讀時尚雜志，發(fā)現(xiàn)名人只不過是受大家關(guān)注的普通人而已,而作者更喜歡的是做了大事的普通人,進(jìn)而呼吁我們應(yīng)該正確看待名人.1．Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor'sfamily?A．Theyadmirecelebritiesverymuch.B．Theyoftenbuycelebritymagazines。C．Theyarenotinterestedincelebrities。D．Theyarecuriousaboutthelifeofcelebrities.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可推知，作者家人對名人的八卦新聞不感興趣，故選C。2．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcelebrities?A．Theyliveahappylife.B．Theyseldomdousualthings。C．Theydeservepeople'sadmiration.D．Theyarejustordinarypeoplelikeus。答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第四、五句可知，作者突然明白，名人都是些普通人，只不過他們從事著看似光鮮、收入豐厚的工作，故選D。3．Whoismostlikelytobetheauthor'srolemodel？A．Celebritieswholiveanordinarylife.B．Commonpeoplewhodogreatthings.C．Extraordinarypeoplewhoaccomplishalot。D．Peoplewhomakegreatcontributionstocommunities.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，作者更喜歡以那些雖生活在社區(qū)里，但能做出不平凡事情的普通人為榜樣，而不是那些雖生活在BerverlyHills而事實(shí)上很平庸的人，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知選B。4．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Todescribetheactuallifeofcelebrities.B．Toaskustoberealisticaboutothers'mistakes。C．Toshowpeople’sdifferentattitudestowardscelebrities。D．Toadviseustohavearightattitudetowardscelebrities.答案：D推理判斷題.根據(jù)本文可知，在作者看來名人只不過是受大家關(guān)注的普通人，我們需要以正確的態(tài)度去看待他們，故選D.B限時8分鐘It’snoteasyfeelinglikeyou’realwaysunderthespotlightbeingjudgedforeachlittlemistakeyoumake.Yourmindisinanendlesscircleplayingwhatyousaidanddidoverandoveragain。Youwishyouhadatimecapsule（時間囊)togobackandmakethingschangeifyoufindmistakes.Youfearwhatotherswillthinkaboutyouandthattheywillrejectanddislikeyou。Youseektobesociallyperfect。Academically,youworklongendlesshoursjusttomakethoseexcellentmarks.Althoughmostwouldsay“it’sgoodtohavehighstandards\”，theyhavenoideaabouttheinternalhellyouputyourselfthroughtoachieveperfection.Ifyoudon'tachievethedesiredgoalyoufeelasthoughyouhavefailed,butyou'refarfromfailing,youjustdon’tseeitthatway.Soinsteadyouaretellingyourselfthatyou’restupidandnotsmart。Thepressureyouplaceonyourselfweighsyoudownandyouwearthe“notgoodenough\"labeleachandeveryday.Younotonlyhavehighstandardsforyourselfbutyoualsohavethemforothers。Ifpeopledon'tperformuptoyourexpectations，thenyouthinkthemincompetent。Thiscausesalotoffrustrationbecauseyoucan'ttrustanyonetogetthingsright。Soinsteadorbeingateamplayeryouflysolo（單飛)andtrytodotwoorthreejobsatonce.Yourunrealisticexpectationscauseyoutocriticizeandjudgeothersandthatleadstoproblemsinotherareasofyourlife.Theattempttobeperfectiscalledperfectionismandit'sdamagingouremotionalandmentalhealth。Westriveforperfectionwithourbody，inourperformance，andinourrelationships。Inasocietythatoverstatesmistakes，isitanywonderthatsomanyyoungpeopleattempttheimpossibletaskofbeingperfect?Weallhaveflaws,fearsandmakemistakes，andthat’sperfectlyOK.It’sourimperfectionsthatmakelifeinterestingandtheyhelpusgrowintoastrongerandmoreadaptableperson.Wedon'thavetobeastrongerandmoreadaptableperson。Wedon’thavetostrivetoachievetheimpossiblegoal.Wearedesignedtobeperfectlyimperfect。篇章導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇議論文.過度追求完美不僅影響身心健康，還會對別人苛求進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生很多問題.我們注定不完美，我們要接受自己的不完美。5．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom？A．Adiary. B．Anovel。C．Amagazine。 D．Aguidebook.答案：C推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文是一篇議論文，主要觀點(diǎn)是：過度追求完美影響身心健康和人際關(guān)系進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致其他問題，因此我們不必追求完美。據(jù)此可推知，本文最可能摘自雜志，故C項(xiàng)正確.6．Whichofthefollowingisaperfectionistmostlikelytoagree?A．Begenerouswithpraise。B．Nobodyisperfect.C．Thereisnobest，onlybetter。D．Acontentedmindisaneverlastingfeast.答案:C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句中的“Theattempttobeperfectiscalledperfectionism”可推知，“沒有最好，只有更好”是典型的完美主義者的觀點(diǎn)，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“不要吝惜贊美”、D項(xiàng)“知足常樂"均不屬于完美主義，故排除。7．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4？A．Thesocietyispartlytoblameforperfectionism。B．Moreandmorepeoplearetoleratingmistakes。C．Manyyoungpeoplefinditimpossibletobeperfect.D．It’sunusualforasocietytoseekperfectionismnowadays.答案：A推理判斷題.根據(jù)第四段尾句“Inasocietythatoverstatesmistakes,isitanywonderthatsomanyyoungpeopleattempttheimpossibletaskofbeingperfect？”可知,在這個過分夸大錯誤的社會里，有那么多的年輕人嘗試變得完美這一不可能完成的任務(wù)是不足為奇的。據(jù)此可推知，社會應(yīng)當(dāng)對完美主義承擔(dān)一定的責(zé)任，故A項(xiàng)正確.8．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofimperfection?A．It'sunbearable.B．It’spartofourlife.C．Itdeservestobeovercome。D．Itdoesharmtoourmentalhealth。答案：B推理判斷題.根據(jù)末段內(nèi)容尤其是最后一句“Wearedesignedtobeperfectlyimperfect.”可推知，作者認(rèn)為不完美是我們?nèi)松囊徊糠?，故B項(xiàng)正確。C限時8分鐘GrowingPainsTheterm“adulting\”startedasasortofjoke—wheneveramillennial(千禧一代）woulddosomethingage－appropriate，thiswasanactof“adulting".Now,though,millennialsobviouslyrequiretraininginbeinganadult。RachelFlehingerhasco－foundedanAdultingSchool，whichincludesonlinecoursesonsimplesewing，conflictresolutionandcooking.Thecauseforsuchclassesisthatmanymillennialshaven’tleftchildhoodhomes—inAmerica34percentofadultsaged18to34stilllivedwiththeirparentsasof2015，upfrom26percentadecadebefore.There’sagooddealoftruthtothis.Ifyou'relivingathome,withMomandDaddoingtheirbesttospoil(溺愛)you,you'relesslikelytoknowhowtodolaundry,cookorbalanceacheckbook.Dependency_breeds_enervation。Butlivingathomedoesn'tnecessarilyleadtodependency.Asof1940,morethan30percentof25－to29－year－oldslivedathomewithparentsorgrandparents.Theywereadulting,evenwhilelivingathome。Parentsexpectedtheirkidstodochores，toprepareforlife.Insteadofblaminglivingathome，then,wehavetoblameourstyleofparenting。Thetruthisthatwe'vesimplybecomelazierasparents.Sowhat'stherealproblem?We'remorelikelytoletourkidscrashonourcouches(長沙發(fā))thantellthemtogetajobandpayrent。Wedon'tpushourkidstobuildfamiliesoftheirown,aslifeexpectancyhasincreased,sohasadolescence.Americansaren’texpectedtostartbuildingalife，particularlymiddle－andupper－classAmericans，untilthey'renearingtheir30s.Thenthequestionishowwecanencourageyoungpeopleto“adult\”innon－circumstance－drivenfashion。篇章導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇說明文。千禧一代的孩子接受著父母的寵愛，他們很多人不能獨(dú)立生活需要接受生活技能培訓(xùn)。事實(shí)上，是父母的養(yǎng)育方式導(dǎo)致孩子不能獨(dú)立。9．Whatdoesthelastsentence“Dependencybreedsenervation\”inthethirdparagraphmean?A．Parentswouldliketodohouseworkbythemselves.B．Presentkidsaretoolazytodohousework。C．Dependencymakeskidsunabletodothings.D．Kidsdependontheirparents。答案：C句意理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，如果你住在家里,爸爸媽媽竭盡全力溺愛你,你就不太可能知道如何洗衣服、做飯或平衡收支。畫線句為進(jìn)一步的總結(jié)，據(jù)此可推知，畫線句意在表達(dá),過度依賴父母會使孩子喪失做事情的能力，故C項(xiàng)正確。10．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Millennialswouldliketobetrainedinbeinganadult。B．Parentsaretoolazytodochores.C．Millennialsdon’tadultbecausetheystillliveintheirchildhoodhomes.D．Inthe1940skidswereadultingevenwhentheywerelivingathome。答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句可知,自20世紀(jì)40年代起，有超過30%的25至29歲的人與父母或祖父母一起住在家里;但即使和家人同住，他們也很成熟。故D項(xiàng)正確。11．Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthemainideaofthepassage?A．“Adulting\"ishard,butonlybecauseparentsaretoolazytoteachtheirkids.B．Millennialsshouldleavehomeearlytoadult.C．Americansaren’texpectedtostartbuildingalifeuntilthey’renearingtheir30s.D．Adultingschoolswithonlinecoursesarepopular。答案：A主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段末句“Thetruthisthatwe'vesimplybecomelazierasparents?！辈⒔Y(jié)合全文其他內(nèi)容可知,本文主要論述了由于父母的過分寵愛和懶得教孩子們生活技能，現(xiàn)在許多千禧一代的孩子不能獨(dú)立，不知道如何洗衣、做飯、管理生活收支等.故A項(xiàng)正確.12．Accordingtothepassage，whatwillbewrittenaboutnext？A．Thegovernmentshouldputofftheageofadulthood。B．Parentsshouldleavekidsinchargeofsociety.C．Parentsshouldputresponsibilityonyoungpeople.D．Pushingkidstoadultispainfulforparents.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文最后一句可知，接下來的問題是，我們?nèi)绾喂膭钅贻p人以非環(huán)境驅(qū)動的方式“成年"。據(jù)此可推知，下文將介紹家長如何鼓勵孩子們承擔(dān)生活的責(zé)任,故C項(xiàng)正確.D限時8分鐘Whenaskedtoidentifythequalitiesthatleadtosuccessinlife,expertsoftenlisttheabilitytoovercomeobstacles.Gettingoverthedifficulties,throughdeterminationandpersistence，isthecharacteristicofthegreatestleaders,themostsuccessfulparentsandthemostprizedemployees。Thosewhomakenoexcuses,whodowhateverittakestogetsomethingdone,aretheoneswhohavethecapacitytoachievegreatness。Ineducation，wefocusalotonmeetingourstudents'needs。It’sourjobtoteachthem。Buttotrulyhelpthembesuccessful,weourselveshavetohavethe“noexcuses”attitude.Theproblemisthatbyallowingourselvesnoexcuses，anddoingwhateverittakestomakestudentssuccessful，weoftenfindourselvesacceptingexcusesfromthem。Studentsdon’tcompleteanassignment,andwegivethemasecondchance.Atestisfailedandweprovideachancetoretakeit，ordotestcorrectionsforextracredit。Butthere’salwaysareasonforachild'sbehavior。It’simportanttounderstandthereason,butit'sequallyimportanttorememberthatareasonisnotanexcuse。There'sagirlinmyclasswithterriblehandwriting?！癕aybeifIhadamotherwhohadtaughtmethat,Iwouldhavebetterhandwriting！”shesays。Shehasbeeninandoutoffostercare（寄養(yǎng)照管)foryears.Shehasanexplanationforherbadhandwriting,butwhendoesitbecomeanexcusethatreducesherabilitytocommunicatefortherestofherlife？Wemustunderstandthekidsandworktofindwaysforthemtosucceed.Simultaneously（同時)，wemustdrawlines,setlimits,showthemthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong。Therealworkisfiguringoutwhenwestoplettingreasonsbeexcuses,andstarttoteachkidsabouttakingresponsibilityforthemselves。Maybethereisfailureonthepathtosuccess。Sometimesachildhastofailinordertodiscoverthelinethathecannotcross。篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文，主要介紹教師在教育學(xué)生的過程中要培養(yǎng)他們“不找借口”的態(tài)度，使他們對自己的言行負(fù)責(zé)。13．TheexampleofthegirlinParagraph4showsthat________。A．childrencan’ttellareasonfromanexcuseB．childrenneedtoimprovetheirabilitytocommunicateC．children’sbehaviorisgreatlyaffectedbytheirparentsD．childrenhavereasonableexplanationsfortheirbehavior答案：A推理判斷題。結(jié)合第三段尾句中的“butit'sequallyimportanttorememberthatareasonisnotanexcuse”可知，原因不等于借口，女孩的例子正是說明了孩子們往往無法辨別借口和原因，故選A。14．Whatisateacher'srealworkintheauthor'sopinion？A．Toshowkidsthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong。B．Tohelpkidsbecomeresponsibleforthemselves。C．Tosetspecificlimitstothebehaviorofkids。D．Tomeettheneedsofdifferentkids.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題.從倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，一個教師真正的工作是弄清楚什么時候不再讓理由變成借口，并開始教孩子們要對他們自己的言行負(fù)責(zé)，故選B。15．Whatdoestheauthortrytoexpressinthelastparagraph?A．Childrenshouldtrytoavoidfailure。B．Failuremaybenefitchildreninthelongrun。C．Childrenshouldbecarefulontheirwaytosuccess。D．Failureiseasytoconquerifchildrenareconfident。答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句“Sometimesachildhastofailinordertodiscoverthelinethathecannotcross.”可以推斷，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，讓孩子經(jīng)歷失敗并不一定是壞事，孩子們能從中受益,故選B。16．Thepassageisprobablywrittenby________。A．a(chǎn)workingparentB．a(chǎn)collegestudentC．a(chǎn)nexperiencedteacherD．a(chǎn)newspaperreporter答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句“Ineducation，wefocusalotonmeetingourstudents'needs。It'sourjobtoteachthem.”以及第四段首句“There’sagirlinmyclasswithterriblehandwriting.”可推知,這篇文章很可能是由一個有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的教師寫的。A限時15分鐘（2019·全國卷Ⅰ）Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小學(xué)),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes，whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground。Thencamemytweensandteens，andmeangirlsandcoolkids。Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes，breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers，amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself。Popularityisawell。exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories：thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays.well。with。othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump.startinterpersonalskillsand，whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere'sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior。Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,DrPrinstein'sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool，are“mostlikelytoengage（從事)indangerousandriskybehavior."Inonestudy,DrPrinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（調(diào)查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell。likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates。Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus。Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”DrPrinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing，kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，DrPrinsteincametoanotherconclusion：Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes，butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too?！癇einglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage，”hesaid.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文.文章從社會心理學(xué)視角討論青少年小學(xué)與中學(xué)階段的成長經(jīng)歷，論述了個體受歡迎程度這一青少年心理健康話題。1．Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool？A．Unkind。 B．Lonely.C．Generous. D．Cool.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“earlyyearsofelementaryschool"可定位到第一段第一句，根據(jù)句意和sharing一詞可推知，作者上小學(xué)的時候是一個慷慨大方的人，故選C項(xiàng)。2．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A．Theclassificationofthepopular。B．Thecharacteristicsofadolescents。C．Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D．Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.答案：A段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知DrPrinstein，一位臨床心理學(xué)教授將受歡迎的人分為兩類，第三句和第四句分別用“Thelikables’.。。"和“Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence。。.”引出后文內(nèi)容，恰恰就是介紹了受歡迎的兩類人：討人喜歡型和追求地位型.同時本段第二句中的關(guān)鍵詞sort。。.into.。。（把……分成……)與A項(xiàng)中的classification相呼應(yīng),所以A項(xiàng)可以概括本段大意。3．WhatdidDrPrinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A．Theyappearedtobeaggressive。B．Theytendedtobemoreadaptable。C．Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus。D．Theyperformedwellacademically.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句中的“l(fā)ikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment”可知，DrPrinstein的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，最討人喜歡的孩子往往適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)。B項(xiàng)中的adaptable與第四段中的adjustment相呼應(yīng).故選B項(xiàng)。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLastB．TheHighertheStatus,theBetterC．BetheBest—YouCanMakeItD．MoreSelf。Control,LessAggressiveness答案:A標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知,本文主要介紹了研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)討人喜歡與積極的人生結(jié)果有關(guān)，因此A項(xiàng)作為標(biāo)題最合適。B限時10分鐘（2020·成都市高中畢業(yè)班摸底測試)Pleasetakeafewsecondsandthinkofyourpersonalbiggestgoal.Imaginetellingsomeoneyoumeettodaywhatyou’regoingtodo.Imaginetheircongratulationsandtheirhighimageofyou。Doesn'titfeelgoodtosayitoutloud？Don’tyoufeelonestepcloseralready？Well,badnews：youshouldhavekeptyourmouthshut,becausethatgoodfeelingwillmakeyoulesslikelytodoit。Anytimeyouhaveagoal,thereissomeworkthatneedstobedonetoachieveit。Ideally,youwouldnotbesatisfieduntilyou'dactuallydonethework.Butwhenyoutellsomeoneyourgoalandheacknowledges(承認(rèn))it，psychologistshavefoundit’scalleda“social_reality\”。Themindiskindoftrickedintoafeelingthatit’salreadydone.Andthen，becauseyou'vefeltthatsatisfaction,you’relessmotivatedtodotheactualandnecessaryhardwork。Thisgoesagainstthetraditionalwisdomthatweshouldtellourfriendsourgoals，right?In1982，PeterGollwitzer,aprofessorofpsychology,wroteawholebookaboutthis.Andin2009,hedidsomenewteststhatwerepublished。Itgoeslikethis：163peopleacrossfourseparatetests-everyonewrotedowntheirpersonalgoal.Thenhalfofthemannouncedtheircommitment(承諾)tothisgoaltotheroom，andhalfdidn’t.Theneveryonewasgiven45minutesofworkthatwoulddirectlyleadthemtowardstheirgoal，buttheyweretoldthattheycouldstopatanytime。Finallythosewhokepttheirmouthsshutworkedtheentire45minutesonaverage，andwhenaskedafterwards，saidtheyfelttheyhadalongwaytogotoachievetheirgoal。Butthosewhohadannounceditquitafteronly33minutesonaverage，andwhenaskedafterwards，saidthattheyfeltmuchclosertoachievingtheirgoal.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文.實(shí)現(xiàn)一個目標(biāo)需要做一些工作。試驗(yàn)表明，在實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)之前就告訴別人你的目標(biāo)并得到別人的認(rèn)可，則有可能使你感到滿意，陷入目標(biāo)已完成的錯覺，從而動力減少，不能很好地去工作；而在實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)之前沒有說出目標(biāo)則會使你工作更努力。5．Whatdothewords“socialreality"inParagraph2mean?A．Completionofthegoal.B．Necessaryhardwork。C．People'sacknowledgement.D．Asenseofsatisfaction.答案：A推理判斷題.根據(jù)畫線詞組后一句“Themindiskindoftrickedintoafeelingthatit’salreadydone.”并結(jié)合畫線詞組所在句可推知，socialreality在此處意為“目標(biāo)的完成”。6．WhatdoesPeterGollwitzertrytotellus？A．Writingdownthegoalisveryhelpful.B．Achievingpersonalgoalneedsmoretime.C．Keepingthegoalsecretmakespeopleworkharder。D．Makingthegoalpublicmakespeoplelesssatisfied.答案:C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“Finallythosewhokepttheirmouthsshut..。toachievingtheirgoal?！笨赏浦?，PeterGollwitzer想告訴我們：沒有說出目標(biāo)讓人們工作更努力。7．HowdidPeterGollwitzerprovehisideaaboutpeople’sgoal?A．Bygivingfigures。B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bymakingasurvey。D．Bymakingcomparisontests.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,PeterGollwitzer把所測試的對象分成兩部分，一半說出自己的目標(biāo)，一半沒有說出目標(biāo)，每個人都給了45分鐘，他們可以隨時停止.試驗(yàn)表明,沒有說出目標(biāo)的人平均工作了45分鐘，而說出目標(biāo)的人平均工作33分鐘。由此可知，PeterGollwitzer是通過進(jìn)行比較測試來證明他的觀點(diǎn)的,故選D.8．Whatwillprobablyhappenifyoutellyourfriendsyourgoal？A．Youwillbemoreconfident。B．Youwillnotgainsatisfaction。C．Youarelesslikelytorealizeit。D．You'llbemuchmoremotivated。答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一句中的“becausethatgoodfeelingwillmakeyoulesslikelytodoit"可推知，如果你把目標(biāo)告訴你的朋友，你實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的可能性會變小，故選C。C限時10分鐘(2019·蘭州一中高三月考）We'veconsideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline:hiringlinestanders,buyingticketsfromscalpers(票販子),orpurchasingline。cuttingprivilegesdirectlyfrom,say,anairlineoranamusementpark。Eachofthesedealsreplacesthemoralsofthequeue（waitingyourturn)withthemoralsofthemarket（payingapriceforfasterservice)．Marketsandqueues—payingandwaiting—aretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings,andeachisappropriatetodifferentactivities.Themoralsofthequeue—“Firstcome,firstserved.”haveanegalitarian(平等主義的)appeal。Theytellustoignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets。Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops。Butthemoralsofthequeuedonotgovernalloccasions。IfIputmyhouseupforsale,Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthatcomesalong,simplybecauseit’sthefirst。Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferentactivities，properlygovernedbydifferentstandards.Sometimesstandardschange，anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply。Thinkoftherecordedmessageyouhear，playedoverandover，asyouwaitonholdwhencallingyourbank:“Yourcallwillbeansweredintheorderinwhichitwasreceived。"Thisisessentialforthemoralsofthequeue。It’sasifthecompanyistryingtoeaseourimpatiencewithfairness。Butdon’ttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously。Today，somepeople’scallsareansweredfasterthanothers.Callcentertechnologyenablescompaniesto“score"incomingcallsandtogivefasterservicetothosethatcomefromrichplaces.Youmightcallthistelephonicqueuejumping.Ofcourse，marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings.Somegoodswedistributebymerit,othersbyneed，stillothersbychance。However，thetendencyofmarketstoreplacequeues,andothernon。marketwaysofallocatinggoodsissocommoninmodernlifethatwescarcelynoticeitanymore.Itisstrikingthatmostofthepaidqueue。jumpingschemeswe'veconsidered—atairportsandamusementparks,incallcenters,doctors’offices，andnationalparks—arerecentdevelopments,scarcelyimaginablethreedecadesago.Thedisappearanceofthequeuesintheseplacesmayseemanunusualconcern，butthesearenottheonlyplacesthatmarketshaveentered。篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文.講述了生活中購物、買票等時的插隊(duì)問題，作者通過舉例子、講道理來解讀道德和市場的平衡問題.要想得到快速的服務(wù)，就要額外付更多的費(fèi)用.作者還對在道德和市場競爭之間產(chǎn)生的矛盾進(jìn)行了探討。9．Accordingtotheauthor，whichofthefollowingseemsgovernedbytheprinciple“Firstcome,firstserved.”？A．Takingbuses。B．Buyinghouses.C．Flyingwithanairline.D．Visitingamusementparks.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段第二句、第三段第一句“Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops.”可知，等公共汽車是受“先到先得到服務(wù)”這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制約的。10．TheexampleoftherecordedmessageinParagraphs4and5illustrates________.A．thenecessityofpatienceinqueuingB．theadvantageofmoderntechnologyC．theuncertaintyofallocationprincipleD．thefairnessoftelephonicservices答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第四段第一句“Sometimesstandardschange，anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply。”說明了適用規(guī)則的不確定性,故選C項(xiàng)。11．Thepassageismeantto________.A．justifypayingforfasterservicesB．discussthemoralsofallocatingthingsC．a(chǎn)nalyzethereasonforstandinginlineD．criticizethebehaviorofqueuejumping答案：B主旨大意題。第二段和第六段的第一句都表明了這篇文章的核心話題就是對有關(guān)分配的道德問題的探討。B項(xiàng)所述符合且準(zhǔn)確地體現(xiàn)了文章的主旨。D限時12分鐘(2019·江蘇高考)Whocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheinternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine？Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges？Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions。However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources。ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology）revolution,representedbytheinternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso“yesterday”thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin“post.industrialsociety”hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector（制造業(yè)）,withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeinternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe“digitaldivide”betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries。Thishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandinternetfacilities。Thequestion，however，iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost。Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells，extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupinternetcentresinruralvillages.Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina“borderlessworld”。Asaresult，inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress,goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld，manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross.borderflowsofcapital，labourandgoods，withpoorresults.Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies，bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel。However，ourfascinationwiththelatest，andourunder。valuationofwhathasalreadybecomecommon,can，andhas，ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections。篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文,文章論述了盲目夸大新科技可能帶來的嚴(yán)重后果。因特網(wǎng)和洗衣機(jī)哪個更有影響力？如果只是個人觀點(diǎn)的話，做出錯誤判斷也無大礙，但是，對新科技影響力的誤判對社會卻會有切切實(shí)實(shí)的影響，因?yàn)檫@會導(dǎo)致稀缺資源的浪費(fèi).12．Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto________.A．a(chǎn)lackofconfidenceintechnologyB．a(chǎn)slowprogressintechnologyC．a(chǎn)conflictofpublicopinionsD．a(chǎn)wasteoflimitedresources答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由第二段第二句可知,這些誤判有真正的影響，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?dǎo)致稀缺資源的誤導(dǎo)使用，故選D項(xiàng)“對新技術(shù)影響力的誤判會導(dǎo)致有限資源的浪費(fèi)".13．TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould________.A．takepeople'sessentialneedsintoaccountB．maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeopleC．ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupportD．providemoreaffordableinternetfacilities答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段可知，作者認(rèn)為與其給發(fā)展中國家的人們捐錢買電腦及網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備,倒不如買能切實(shí)提高人們生活水平的物品，言外之意，捐獻(xiàn)者應(yīng)該把人們的基本需求考慮(take。。.intoaccount)進(jìn)來，故選A項(xiàng)。14．Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations？A．Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.B．Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless。C．Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment。D．Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.答案:B細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由第五段第一句中的“nowweliveina‘borderlessworld'”可知，世界已經(jīng)變得無國界，第五段最后一句的意思是，正是因?yàn)橄嘈庞羞@樣一個世界，所以許多政府終止了一些非常有必要的規(guī)定。故選B。15．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A．Peopleshouldbeencouragedt