演示文稿美國文學(xué)殖民地時(shí)期文學(xué)當(dāng)前第1頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)（優(yōu)選）美國文學(xué)殖民地時(shí)期文學(xué)當(dāng)前第2頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)TableofContentsTableofContentsIntroductionBriefOutlineofAmericanLiteratureChapterIColonialPeriod

當(dāng)前第3頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)IntroductionAmericanLiterature

AmericanliteratureistheliteratureproducedinAmericanEnglishbyAmericancitizens.Canonofliteratureconcurrenceofciritcspersistentinfluencefrequentreferencetoanauthororworkwildspreadassignmentideology,politicalinterestandvalueofeliteclass當(dāng)前第4頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)HistoricalOverviewColonialPeriod(1607-1765)殖民時(shí)期Enlightenment&theWarofIndependence(1765-1800)啟蒙時(shí)期RomanticPeriod（1800-1865）浪漫主義時(shí)期RealisticPeriod(1865-1918)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義時(shí)期Modernism(1918-1945)現(xiàn)代主義時(shí)期ContemporaryLiterature(1945-)當(dāng)代文學(xué)當(dāng)前第5頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)ColonialPeriod(1607-1775)ChapterOne當(dāng)前第6頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)主要內(nèi)容:Generalbackground,majorwritersandtheirworks重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn):AmericanPuritanismanditsinfluenceonAmericanLiterature當(dāng)前第7頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)I.HistoricalIntroduction1earlyhistory:1)AmericawasfirstdiscoveredbyColumbusattheendofthe15thcentury.2)In1607,CaptainJohnSmithledsomeEnglishmenacrosstheocean(Jamestown,Virginia)3)In1620,102passengerssailedontheshipMayfloweracrosstheseaandsettledonthenewcontinent“NewEngland”.(Plymouth,Massachusetts)2.people:Indianswerenativeinhabitants.NowAmericansaremainlyimmigrantsmostlyfromEurope,esp.fromEngland.當(dāng)前第8頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)TheColonizationTheGreatDiscoveryoftheNewLandin1492byColumbusHenryVII,KingofEngland,establishedin1497aclaimtothecontinentaldomain.QueenElizabethcametothethroneofEnglandin1558,begantotakeaseriousinterestintherealestateintheNewWorld.當(dāng)前第9頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)Underherencouragement,manymerchantsandsailorshadbeguntheirexploringjourneysintotheNewLand.Amongthem,therewasapersonnamedCaptainJohnSmith.thefoundingofJamestowninVirginiain1607.當(dāng)前第10頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)當(dāng)前第11頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)3.

WhatisthePuritan?(p7-9)PuritanisEnglishprotestant.TheyregardedthereformationoftheChurchunderElizabethasincomplete,andcalledforitsfurther“purification”fromwhattheyconsideredtobeunscriptural

andcorruptformsandceremoniesretainedfromtheunreformedchurch.3.

WhatisthePuritanism?(p7-9)PuritanismisareligiousandpoliticalmovementthatdevelopedinEnglandaboutthemiddleofthe16thcenturyandlaterspreadinfluenceintotheNewEnglandinAmerica.當(dāng)前第12頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)

The17thcenturyAmericanPuritansincludedtwoparts:

onepartofthemwerethecreatorsofthePlymouth(普利茅斯)colony,called“Separatists”.

TheotherpartwastheEnglishmenintheMassachusettsBayColony.ThoughtheycamelaterthanthoseofPlymouthcolony,theywerericherandbetter-educated.當(dāng)前第13頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)TheirBeliefsTheyregardedthemselvesaschosenpeopleofGod.Theyembracedhardships,industryandfrugality.Theyfavoredadisciplined,hard,somber,asceticandharshlife.Theyopposedartsandpleasure.Theysuspectjoyandlaughterassymptomsofsin.當(dāng)前第14頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)

MainDoctrinesofAmericanPuritanismthedoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandatonement.StrongSenseofMission:PuritansdreamedoflivingunderaperfectorderandworkedwithahopetobuildaGardenofEdeninAmerica.Thisshowsthattheyareindeedidealists.Puritanismencouragedpeopletostruggleintheircareer.Ifone’sbusinesswasbooming,itprovedthathehadgainedgod’sprovidence.Puritansstressedhardwork,thrift,pietyandsobriety.Inpeople’sdailylife,religiousactivitieswereamatteroffirstimportance.Theirlivesweredisciplinedandhard.當(dāng)前第15頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)WhydidPuritanscometoAmerica?

(1)

toreformtheChurchofEngland

(2)tohaveanentirelynewchurch

(3)toescapereligiouspersecution

*God’schosenpeople

*ToseekanewGardenofEden

*Tobuild“CityofGodonearth”當(dāng)前第16頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)II.EarlyAmericanWritersandPoets1.South,Jamestown,Virginia:CaptainJohnSmith---firstAmericanwriter;8worksContributions:hisdescriptionofAmericawerefilledwiththemes,myths,images,scenes,charactersandeventsthatwereafoundationforthenation’sliterature.HeluredthePilgrimsintofleeinghereandcreatingaNewland.2.North,NewEngland,PuritanWritersWilliamBradford:firstgovernorofPlymouth,TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation,simplicity,earnestness,directreporting,readable,moving.JohnWinthrop:firstgovernorofBoston,TheHistoryofNewEngland,

3.TwoPoets:AnneBradstreet,EdwardTaylor當(dāng)前第17頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)JohnSmith(1580-1631)IntroductiontotheauthorHewasanEnglish

soldier,sailor,andauthorHeisrememberedforhisroleinestablishingthefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericaatJamestown,Virginia.HewasaleaderoftheVirginia佛吉尼亞州

Colony(basedatJamestown)betweenSeptember1608andAugust1609,andledanexplorationalongtheriversofVirginiaandtheChesapeakeBay.切薩皮克灣[ChesapeakeBay]

美國東部大西洋沿岸的海灣。南段在弗吉尼亞，北段在馬里蘭，長311千米，寬5～40千米面積約8,365平方千米。有多條河流注入，其中包括薩斯奎漢納河、帕塔克森特河、波托馬克河和詹姆斯河。詹姆斯敦是海灣區(qū)的第一個(gè)歐洲人居住區(qū)，建于1607年。一年后，J.史密斯船長探測并繪制了海灣及其各河口的地圖。切薩皮克灣的水域有豐富的海洋生物，但到20世紀(jì)70年代，周圍地區(qū)的開發(fā)使得海灣的污染嚴(yán)重，捕魚量急遽下降。為了彌補(bǔ)損失政府已采取了各種措施。當(dāng)前第18頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)2.HisliteraryachievementsHeisthefirstAmericanWriter.Hisfirstliteraryworkcomesfrompartofaletterwiththetitle“ATrueRelationofSuchOccurrencesandAccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiaSincetheFirstPlantingofThatColony”(1608).AMapofVirginia:withaDescriptionoftheCountry(1621)GeneralHistoryofVirginia(1624)波卡洪塔斯[Pocahontas]

波瓦坦族印第安婦女，在弗吉尼亞州的詹姆斯敦善待殖民者，從而維護(hù)了英國殖民者與美洲土著之間的和平。為有權(quán)勢的波瓦坦人酋長之女。她插手營救了被俘的殖民地創(chuàng)建者J.史密斯。其后她改信了基督教，并與殖民地開拓者J.羅爾夫結(jié)婚，進(jìn)一步確保了雙方的和平。她后來到英國旅行，獲國王接見，但在英國死于天花。當(dāng)前第19頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)WilliamBradford(1590-1657)Bradford'sstatueinPlymouthRockStatePark,Plymouth,Massachusetts當(dāng)前第20頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)WilliamBradford(1590-1657)IntroductiontotheauthorWilliamBradfordwasaleaderoftheSeparatistsettlersofthePlymouthColonyinMassachusetts.HewaselectedthirtytimestobetheGovernorafterJohnCarverdied.Hewasthesecondsignerandprimaryarchitect(建筑師，設(shè)計(jì)師，締造者)oftheMayflowerCompactinProvincetownHarbor.,thefirstgovernorofPlymouth2.Hisrepresentativework:TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation(1856).當(dāng)前第21頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)JohnWinthrop(1587-1649)IntroductiontotheauthorHewasthefirstgovernorofBoston.HehadbeenalawyerandlordofamanorinEngland.HewaselectedgovernoroftheMassachusettsBayGroupbeforesailingandtheforemost(首要的，最佳的)leaderthroughouttheremaining19years.2.Hismajorworks:Partsofhisjournalwerefirstpublishedin1790.ThecompleteworkwascalledTheHistoryofNew

Englandwhichwaspublishedin1826.Hisworkisnotableforitssimplicityandhonesty,yetitisvaluablehistoricalmaterialsaboutthatperiod當(dāng)前第22頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)AnneBradstreet(1612-1672)1)AnneBradstreet’sWorks

“SomeversesontheBurningofOurHouse”

“TheFleshandtheSpirit”

TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmerica2)AnneBradstreet’sLife

*ShewasbornandeducatedinEngland.

*Attheageof18,shecametoAmericain1630withherfatherandhusband.

*Shehad8children.

*Shebecameknownasthe“TenthMuse”whoappearedinAmerica.thefirstcollectionpublishedbyEnglishcolonistslivinginAmerica當(dāng)前第23頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\5點(diǎn)EdwardTaylorIntroductionHewasborninEnglandandattendedHarvardUniversity.Hewasthebestofthepuritanpoetsinthecolonialperiod.HisworkfollowedthestyleandformsoftheleadingEnglishpoetsofthemid-seventeenthcentury,andalthoughTaylorwasnotthebestofthese,heshowedanauthentic(a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的)poeticability.Mostofhisworkstreatedreligiousthemes,withmanypoemsbaseddirectlyonthepsalms.Hiswork:PreparatoryMeditation當(dāng)前第24頁\共有27頁\編于星期五\