PAGE4-閱讀理解之推理判斷題解題指導一、推理判斷題常見提問方式1.Thewriter/author/passageimplies/suggests(暗示)that________.2.Itcanbeinferred(推斷）fromthestorythat________.3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.4.Thepassageisintendedto________.5.Thefirstparagraphofthispassageisto________.6.Fromthepassage,wecanlearn/concludethat________.7.Thepassagemaybea/an________.8.Howdoestheauthorseemtofeelaboutthisissue?9.Whichofthefollowingmighthappenlater?10.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?二、選項特點分析推理判斷題目選項的設置有一定的特點和規(guī)律，了解這些，可以幫助提高答題的正確率。1．正確選項的特點：（1）正確選項一般含義比較豐富，具有一定的綜合性和概括性；（2）正確選項的表述一般不會太絕對，而是會用一些相對寬泛的詞匯，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等；（3）正確選項有時候與通過常識判斷得出的結(jié)論相反，要特別注意。2．干擾選項的特點：（1）只是原文的簡單復述，而非推斷出的結(jié)論；（2）看似從原文推斷出來的結(jié)論，然而實際上與原文不符；（3）根據(jù)常識判斷是正確的，然而不是在文章事實或上下文邏輯基礎上推理而得出的觀點；（4）雖然以文章提供的事實或內(nèi)在邏輯為依據(jù)，但推理過頭、概括過度；（5）部分選項的內(nèi)容純屬編造。三、推理判斷題的解題方法解決此類題要注意：一是與原文相同的細節(jié)不能選；二是不能跳出文章做推斷。1.抓住特定關(guān)鍵信息進行推理。做此類試題要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用正向推理或逆向思維，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。【例1】Thereceivercontactsatleastfourofthesatellitesandcalculates(計算)itsposition.Thethirdpartofthesystemisanetworkofgroundstations.Theyareallovertheworld.Theycontrolthesatellitesandmakesuretheyareworkingwell.Theunderlinedword“They”inParagraph3means“_______”.A.Receivers B.GPSdevices C.Satellites D.Groundstations【解析】根據(jù)這段文字，我們可以推斷出They指的是groundstations（地面衛(wèi)星接收站），故選D。【例2】CostAdult:$7.40Children(under15years):half…Johnandhis10-year-oldsonwanttowatchSecretoftheDragon.Howmuchshouldtheypay?A .$7.40. B.$11.10. C.$14.80. D.$23.20.【解析】根據(jù)上面的信息可知，15歲以下的孩子是半價。所以，一個成人和一個10歲的孩子應該花$7.40+$3.70=$11.10，故選B?！纠?】Adownsideofplasticcashisthatitcostsmoremoneytoproduce.Cashandmoney-countingmachineswillalsohavetobeadaptedtoacceptthenewmoney.WhatcanyouinferfromParagraph6?A.Plasticnotesshouldbeprintedincashmachines.B.Therearesomedisadvantagesofusingplasticnotes.C.Everycountrywillhavetoacceptthenewmoney.D.Plasticnotesshouldbeproducedbythecashiers.【解析】第6段有兩句話，主要講了塑料鈔票的缺點，四個選項中，B項正確。2.利用作者的思想感情、文字色彩進行推斷。有些題目要求考生根據(jù)文段的相關(guān)信息對文中人物的性格、心理狀況、心智或品質(zhì)做出判斷，這時一定要扣緊文段的主題或話題，不要受一些細節(jié)事實的干擾。文章中的措辭會體現(xiàn)作者或者其他人物的思想傾向和感情色彩，這往往隱含在字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語之中。因此，在推斷過程中，應特別注意文章用詞。【例1】Manypeoplewelcomethecity’sgrowth.ButanincreasingnumberofDubainativesworryaboutthespeedofchange.AsaDubainativesays,“Wemustalwaysrememberwherewecamefrom.Ourkidsmustknowweworkedvery,veryhardtogetwherewearenow,andthere’salotmoreworktodo.”Inthelastparagraph,whatdoestheunderlinedpartmean?A.WeshouldalwaysvisitDubai. B.Weshouldlearnfromforeigners.C.Wemustalwaysrememberourpast. D.Wemustonlythinkaboutthefuture.【解析】根據(jù)劃線部分中的用詞：mustalways,very,veryhard…等可以斷定，說話人非常重視迪拜的歷史，強調(diào)不要忘本，尤其現(xiàn)在的孩子要知道他們父母奮斗的歷史，故選C。我們也可以從四個選項上排除個別選項。選項A、D，太過絕對，根據(jù)常識，我們可以排除這兩項。那么，我們就可以從B、C兩項中選。這時再讀劃線句子，很好排除選項B?！纠?】SylvanGoldman,anAmericansupermarketowner,inventedtheshoppingtrolley(購物車)inthe1930s.Theword“________”canbestdescribeGoldman.A.funny B.honest C.creative D.friendly【解析】根據(jù)文中信息中的invented這個詞，我們就可以推斷出，Goldman是個有創(chuàng)新精神的人，故選C。3.運用已有的經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷或常識進行推理判斷有些文章具有一定的背景知識。因此解答此類文章的題目，除了把握相關(guān)文段的細節(jié)外，還應注意充分運用自己的常識，結(jié)合題目去分析推理?！纠?】Causeandeffectisonewaytoexplainthingsthathappenaroundus.Manythinghappenbecausesomethingcausedorinfluencedthemtohappen.Whichofthefollowingiscauseandeffect?A.Tonygotupandhadaglassofwater.B.Wecamehomeandfoundhimsleeping.C.Theballwaslostandawindowwasbroken.D.Timwaslateagainandhisteachergotangry.【解析】我們根據(jù)常識即可知因果關(guān)系（causeandeffect），故本題答案選D。【例4】NowsomepeoplemaythinkI’mabadmotherandnotsuchagreatwifeeither.Butasabig-timebargainhunter,Iknowthevalueofadollar.Andthesedays,agooddealissomethingfewofuscanaffordtopassup.bemoredangerousthandrivingafterdrinkingtoomuch.Arecentstudyfoundthatwhendriversweretalkingontheirmobilephones,theirstoppingtimeswere30percentslowerthanwhentheyhaddrunktoomuch–andnearly50percentslowerthanwhentheyweredrivingnormally.Italsofoundthatdriverstalkingonmobilephoneswerelessabletocontroltheircarsthandrunkdrivers.Andtalkingisn’teventhemostseriousproblem,textingis.Unbelievably,anotherrecentstudyreportedthat22%ofadultsadmittedtheyhadsentatextmessagewhiledrivingatleastonceinthepastmonth.Anaveragetextmessagetakes90secondstowriteandsend.Thatmeansforoneandahalfminutesadriverislookingattheirphone’sscreenandnotattheroad.ThearrivalofnewsmartphonessuchastheiPhonewillonlymakemattersworseastheywillallowuserstodomorethingsthaneverbefore.7.Accordingtothepassage,ifadriverneeds10secondstostopwhendrivingnormally,theywillneed______secondstostopwhentalkingonamobilephone.A.12 B.13 C.14 D.158.Accordingtothepassage,inwhatorderdothefollowingactivitiesinfluencedriving?Dangerous→Moredangerous→MostdangerousA.drinking→talkingonphone→textingB.texting→talkingonphone→drinkingC.talkingonphone→texting→drinkingD.drinking→texting→talkingonphonePassage7BornintheUSAin1940,LeereturnedtohisnativeHongKongbeforehisfirstbirthday.Asateenager,thehighlyintelligentboywasacceptedintooneof?HongKong’smostfamousmiddleschoolsbuthepaidlittleattentiontohisstudies.Hewasmoreinterestedinsport,especiallykungfu,andhangingoutwithhisstreet-gangfriends.In1959,Leegotintotroublewiththepoliceforfighting.Hismother,fearinghewouldendupinprison,senthimtotheUS.Twoyearslater,hebeganstudyingatuniversitythere.Whilestillastudent,Leeopenedhisownkungfuschool,teachinganewfightingstylehehaddeveloped.WhatmadeLee’sstyledifferentwasthatitusedpower,strengthandspeed.Italsocombined(融合)Japanese,KoreanandSouthAmericanfightingstyleswithtraditionalslow-movingChinesekungfu.9.WhywasLeesenttoAmerica?A.Hisparentswantedhimtostudyatuniversitythere.B.HewantedtodevelopanewAmericanfightingstyle.C.HisfamilyfearedhewasgettingintotoomuchtroubleinHongKong.D.Hewasdeterminedtobecomeasuccessfulandpopularactorthere.10.HowwasLee’sstyleofkungfudifferentfromthetraditionalChinesestyle?A.Itwasmuchfaster. B.Itwaseasiertolearn.C.Itmadepeoplemorepowerful. D.Itwasmuchmoredangerous.參考答案：1-5BDBBD6-10BDACA推理判斷題篇章訓練ThefourthroundofheavysmogthathitBeijinginfourweekshassentmorepeopletothehospitalwithrespiratory(呼吸的)illnessesandledtocallsforlawstocontrolthepollution.PanShiyi，arealestatedeveloper，saidheisplanningtopropose(提出)aCleanAirActtothelocalgovernment.AsarepresentativeoftheBeijingMunicipalPeople’sCongress，hestartedanonlinesurveyat9：20am.Withinthreehours，morethan25,000webusers，or99percentoftotalrespondents，welcomedhisproposalonSinaWeibo，China’sTwitter.TheyhavegoodreasonstostandalongsidePan.Thelatestroundofhaze(霧霾)reducedvisibilitytounder500metersinmanypartsofthecity.Thesmoghasalsoledtoagreatincreaseinrespiratoryillnesses，particularlyamongchildrenandtheelderly.Anxiousparentsanddoctorsaboutallblamethesmoggyairfortheillnesses.Thoughmostschoolchildrenarehomeforthewinterholidays，thebadaircaneasilymoveindoors.Besides，ordinarymedicalmasksfailtoprovideadequateprotection，sosomepeoplehaveturnedtogasmasksandrespirators(呼吸器).Thecausesofthescarysmogarerathermysterious，thoughexpertsblameexcessiveemissionsandthemountainsaroundBeijingthattrappollutioninwinter，unlessthereisadequatewindtoclearitaway.SomecriticshavepointedfingersatChina’stoptwooilfirms，ChinaNationalPetroleumCorpandChinaPetrochemicalCorporation，sayingthecompanies’outdatedproductiontechnologiesproducelargequantitiesofsubstandard，high-pollutinggasfuel.Meanwhile，concernedBeijingershavemovedtheirbrainstormingsessionstocyberspace.IfPan’sproposalforaCleanAirActisadopted，netizenssaythenewlawshouldincludeitemsprovidingfor“car-freedays”intimesofsmog，higherstandardsforvehiclefuel，stricterrestrictionsonindustrialandexhaustgasemissions，andmoreeffectiveprotectionforthepublic.Beijingisnottheonlycitythathaseverlostthebluesky.FivedaysofthickfogcausedthousandsofdeathsinBritaininDecember1952，urgingthegovernmenttopassthefirstCleanAirActin1956，whichintroducedsmokelesszonesandcleanerfuelstoreducepollution.ThatmayprovidesomeexperienceforBeijingtoreferto.1.WhydidPanShiyistartedanonlinesurvey?A.Toinvestigatethepublic’sopinionsonpollution.B.Totellpeoplethedangerofthesmoggyweather.C.Tocallonmorepeopletosupporthisproposal.D.Tocollectsupportingevidencesforhisproposal.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容可知，潘石屹發(fā)起網(wǎng)上調(diào)查，是因為他計劃向地方政府提交《清潔空氣法