Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout$1millionayear,“serveduswell,”Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.”Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus(異口同聲)ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolsdropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,”saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.DavidLaird,oftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatinngso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheir“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,”saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekexemption(豁免)fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid,“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat’sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.”Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhas esopopularwith efamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.That’sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn’tntodropmeritaid“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,”saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny’sviceforenrollment.EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment(捐贈(zèng)),meanwhile,istakinganotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemfor efamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmerit“Yeah,we’reyingthemeritgame,”acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoint,too,hesays.“Thefactofthematteris,it’snotjustaboutthe epeople.It’stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho’sbeingpricedoutofthemarket.”*Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedMerit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandicmeritscholarships.Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents’grades,GPAandoverallperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtobe mendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationAthleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel(突出)insportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents. mendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee(裁判).Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance.icmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagiven icarea.Thisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforicmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio(選輯)ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceor themWithmoreandmore estudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaidB)revisingtheirfinancialaidC)increasingtheamountoffinancialaidD)changingtheiradmissionWhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsIttriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidItadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidItphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsItcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedyThechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto improveteachingqualityB)boosttheirC)attractgoodstudentsD)increasetheirMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes itdoesn’tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsitgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicit’sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsit’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordtheInrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddue moreernmentfundingtocollegesB)fiercecompetitionamongC)theincreasingnumberoftopstudentsD)schools’improvedfinancialWhatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidTheywouldliketoseeitTheyregarditasanecessaryTheythinkitdoesmoreharmthanTheyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classWhydoesn’tAlleghenyCollegentodropmeritaidRaisingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classWith es,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedManystudents efamilieshavecometorelyon eshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedAnnualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipients Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneeda mendationfromacoachorarefereewho theirexceptionalathleticperformance.Applicantsforicmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheir aparticularicfieldPartⅢListeningComprehension(35Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichthebestansweris.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Getsomesmallchange.B)FindashopC)Cashacheckatabank.D)FindaparkingA)Shopwithhisson.B)BuyingagiftforaC)Promotinganewproduct.D)BargainingwithaA)Takingphotographs.B)EnhancingC)Mendingcameras.D)PaintingA)HemovedtoBaltimorewhenhewasHecanprovidelittleusefulHewillshowthewomanaroundHewillasksomeoneelsetohelptheA)Heisratherdisappointed.B)HeishighlyC)Hecan’tfaceuptothesituationD)HeknowshisownA)Shemusthavepaida B)SheisknowntohaveaterrificHergymexercisehasyieldedgoodHerefforttokeepfitisreallyA)FemalestudentsareunfitforstudyingHecanserveasthewoman’sPhysicsisanimportantcourseatTheprofessor’ssuggestionisA)Indifferent.B)Doubtful.C)Pleased.D)Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Heprefersthesmallereveningclasses.B)HehassignedupforadayC)Hehastoworkduringtheday.D)HefindstheeveningcourseA)Learnacomputerlanguage.B)LearndataC)Buysomecomputersoftware.D)BuyafewA)Thursdayevening,from7:00to9:45.B)FromSeptember1toNewYear’sC)EveryMonday,lastingfor12weeks.D)Threehoursaweek,45hoursinA)Whattobringforregistration.B)WheretoattendtheC)HowhecangettoFrostHall.D)Whetherhecanuseacheck.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Atrainingcoach.B)AtradingC)Aprofessionalmanager.D)AfinancialA)Hecansaveonlivingexpenses.B)HeconsiderscookingC)Hecanenjoyhealthierfood.D)Hethinkstake-awayis A)Itissomething B)ItisfrustratingC)Ittakespatienceto D)ItcanbeagoodSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Therewerenonetswithoutmoons.B)TherewasnoairorwateronC)Lifewasnotpossibleinouterspace.D)ThemysteryoflifecouldnotbeA)Ithasanumberofactivevolcanoes.B)IthasanatmosphereliketheC)Ithasalargeoceanunderitssurface.D)Ithasdeepcaves A)Lightisnotanessentialelementtoit.B)LifecanforminveryhotC)Everyformoflifeundergoesevolution.D)OxygenisnotneededforsomelifePassageQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)WhethertheyshouldtakethechildWhatDr.Mayer’sinstructionsexactlyWhoshouldtakecareofthechildatWhenthechildwouldcompleyA)SheencouragesthemtoaskquestionswheninShemakesthemwritedownallherShehasthemactoutwhattheyaretodoatSheasksthemtorepeatwhattheyaresupposedtoA)Itlacksthestabilityoftheprintedword.B)Itcontainsmany ticalC)Itisheavilydependentonthecontext.D)ItfacilitatesPassageQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Jobsecurity.B)GoodlabourC)Challengingwork.D)AttractivewagesandA)ManytediousjobscontinuetobedoneMoreandmoreunskilledworkerswillloseComputerswillchangethenatureofmanyBoringjobswillgraduallybemadeA)OfferthemchancesofImprovetheirworkingEncouragethemtocompetewitheachGivethemresponsibilitiesaspartofaA)TheywillnotbringrealbenefitstotheTheyconcernasmallnumberofpeopleTheyarearbitrarilysetbytheTheyarebeyondthecontrolofordinarySectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Inthehumanities,authorswritetoinformyouinmanyways.Thesemethodscanbe intothreetypesofinformationalwriting:factual,descriptive,andFactualwritingprovides(37) informationonanauthor,composer,or oronatypeofmusic,liture,orart.Examplesoffactualwritingincludenotesonabookjacketor coverandlongerpieces,suchasanarticledescribingastyleofmusicwhichyoumightreadinamusic(39) course.Thiskindofwritingprovidesa(40) foryourstudyofthehumanities.Asitsname(41) ,descriptivewritingsimplydescribes,orprovidesan(42) apieceofmusic,art,orliture.Forexample,descriptivewritingmightlistthecolorsanusedinapaintingorthe(43) acomposerincludedinamusicalcomposition,soastomakepicturesorsoundsinthereader’smindbycallingupspecificdetailsofthework.(44) Processwritingexinsaseriesofactionsthatbringaboutaresult.(45) .Thiskindofwritingisoftenfoundinart,whereunderstandinghowanarthascreatedacertaineffectisimportant.(46) PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingInfamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpactonachild’slanguagedevelopmentthanmothers,anewstudysuggests.Researchers4792familiesform11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,interviewingeachtoestablish e,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.Overall,itwasagroupofwell-classfamilies,withmarriedparentsbothlivinginthehome.Whenthechildrenwere2,researcherstapedthemathomein-ysessionswithbothparents,48alloftheirspeech.ThestudywillappearintheNovemberissueofTheJournalofAppliedDevelopmentalPsychology.Thescientistsmeasuredthe49numberofutnce(話語)oftheparents,thenumberdifferentwordstheyused,thecomplexityoftheirsentencesandother50oftheirspeech.Onaverage,fathersspokelessthanmothersdid,buttheydidnotdifferinthelengthofutncesproportionofquestionsFinally,theresearchers51thechildren’sspeechatage3,usingastandardizedlanguagetest.Theonlypredictorsofhighscoresonthetestwerethemother’slevelofeducation,the52ofchildcareandthenumberofdifferentwordsthefatherused.Theresearchersare53whythefather’sspeech,andnotthemother’s,hadan“It’swell54thatthemother’slanguagedoeshaveanimpact,”saidNadyaPancsofar,theleadauthorofthestudy.Itcouldbethatthehigh-functioningmothersinthestudyhad55hadastronginfluenceontheirchildren’sspeechdevelopment,Ms.Pancsofarsaid,“oritmaybethatmothersare56inawaywedidn’tmeasureinthestudy.”already yzedC)aspectsD)charactersE)contributingF)G)establishedH)qualityI)quotedJ)recordingK)recruitedL)M)unconsciousN)unsureO)SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingThroughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedontheialcandidatesandhowthey’llchangeAmerica.Rightlyso,butselfishly,I’mmorefascinatedbyMiceObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountry,butformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman.AsthepotentialFirstLady,shewouldhavetheworld’sattention.AndthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseandalwiththetypeofAfrican-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.Usually,thelivesofblackwomengolargelyunexamined.Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe’reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan’tkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomenstillcan’tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,overedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholic(酗酒的)mothers.Theseimageshavehelpeddefinethewayallwomenareviewed,includingMiceObama.Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,hermosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimpletobeherself.Itwon’tbeeasy.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesregularAfrican-Americanwomen,littleisknownaboutwhoweare,whatwethinkandwhatwefaceonaregularbasis.Forbetterorworse,Micewillrepresentusall.Justasshewillhavehercritics,shewillalsohavemillionsoffanswhousuallyhavelittleinterestintheFirstLady.ManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey’dliketoseeMicebringtotheWhiteHouse—mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupporthermanandraiseastrongblackfamily.Micewillhavetoworktopleaseeveryone—animpossibletask.ButformanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikeme,justalittleofherpoise(沉著),confidenceandinligencewillgoalongwayinchanginganimagethat’sbeenaroundforfartoolong.WhydoesMiceObamaholdastrongfascinationfortheSheservesasarolemodelforAfricanShepossessesmanyadmirable ingaFirstShewillpresenttotheworldanewimageofAfrican-AmericanShewillpaycloserattentiontotheinterestsofAfrican-AmericanWhatisthecommonstereotypeofAfrican-AmericanwomenaccordingtotheTheyarevictims .B)Theyareofan C)Theyusequitealotofbodylanguage.D)TheyliveoncharityandsocialWhatdomanyAfrican-AmericanswriteaboutintheirWhether ecanliveuptothehighexpectationsofherHow eshouldbehaveasapublicHowproudtheyaretohaveablackwomanintheWhiteWhat eshoulddoaswifeandmotherintheWhiteWhatdoestheauthorsayabout eObamaasaFirstHowevermanyfansshehas,sheshouldremainSheshouldn’tdisappointtheAfrican-AmericanHoweverhardshetries,shecan’texpecttopleaseShewillgiveprioritytoAfrican-Americanwomen’sWhatdomanyAfrican-AmericanwomenhopeMiceObamawillHelpchangetheprevailingviewaboutblackHelpherhusbandinthetaskofchangingOutshinepreviousFirstFullydisyherfinePassageQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingWhennextyear’scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof2009,they’llbejoinedbyanewface;AndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost(教務(wù)長)ofYale,who’ll eOxford’svice-chancellor—apositionequivalenttouniversityinHamiltonisn’ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.SchoolsinFrance,Egypt,Singapore,etc,havealsorecentlymadetop-levelhiresfromabroad.Highereducationhas eabigandcompetitivebusinessnowadays,andlikesomanybusinesses,it’sgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-level neltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon’ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanew,itwantedaleaderfamiliarwiththestateernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity’sbudget.“Wedidn’tdoanyglobalconsideration,saysPatriciaHayes,theboard’schair.TheboardultimaypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist(活動(dòng)家)whoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitys:fund-raising.Fund-raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentonernmentfunding. ernmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumber.Thedeclineinernmentsupporthasmadefunding-raisinganincreasingnecessaryabilityamongadministratorsandhashiringcommitteeshungryforInthepastfewyears,prominentschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition.”O(jiān)fcourse,fund-raisingisn’ttheonlyskilloutsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindofpromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.Foreignerscanofferafreshonestablishedpractices.WhatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedintheInstitutionsworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheAlotofpoliticalactivistsarebeingrecruitedasAmericanuniversitiesareenrollingmoreinternationalUniversitysarepayingmoreattentiontofunding-WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-levelThepoliticalcorrectness.B)TheirabilitytoraiseC)Theirfameinacademiccircles.D)TheiradministrativeWhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromtheThetuitionstheychargehavebeenrisingTheiroperationisunderstricternmentTheyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyMostoftheirrevenuescomefromtheCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchiefly shewasknowntobegoodatraisingshecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithsheknewhowtoattractstudentsshehadboostedYale’sacademicInwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversityTheycanenhancetheuniversity’sTheywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalTheywillviewalotofthingsfromanewTheycansetupnewacademicPartⅤCloze(15Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Olderpeoplemustbegivenmorechancestolearniftheyaretocontributetosocietyratherthanbeafinancialburden,accordingtoanewstudyonpopulationpublishedrecently.Thecurrentpeopleapproachwhich67onyoungerpeopleandonskillsforemploymentisnot68tomeetthechallengesofdemographic(人口結(jié)構(gòu)的changeitsays.Only1%oftheeducationbudgetis69spentontheoldestthirdofthepopulation.The70includethefactthatmostpeoplecanexpecttospendathirdoftheirlivesin71,thattherearenowmorepeopleover59thanunder16andthat11.3millionpeopleare72statepension“73needstocontinuethroughoutlife.Ourhistoricconcentrationofattentionresources74youngpeoplecannotmeetthenew75,”saysthereport’sauthor,ProfessorStephenThemajor76ofoureducationbudgetisspentonpeoplebelowtheageof25.77peoplearechangingtheirjobs,78,partnersandlifestylesmoreoftenthan79,theyneedopportunitiestolearnateveryage80,somepeoplearestartingnewcareersintheir50sandlater.Peopleneedopportunitiestomakea“midlifereview”to81tothelaterstageoflife,andtonforthetransition(過渡)82retirement,whichmaynowhappen83atanypointfrom50toover90,saysMcNair.Andthereshouldbemoremoney84tosupportpeopleinestablishinga85ofidentityandfindingconstructive86forthe“thirdage”,the20ormoreyearstheywillspendinhealthyretiredA)operatesB)focusesC)countsD)A)superiorB)regularC)essentialD)A)currentlyB)barelyC)anxiouslyD)A)regulationsB)obstaclesC)challengesD)A)enjoymentB)retirementC)stabilityD)A)overB)afterC)acrossD)A)IndentifyingB)LearningC)InstructingD)A)atB)byC)inD)A)desiresB)reaC)needsD)A)measureB)ratioC)areaD)A)WhenB)UntilC)WhetherD)A)neighborsB)moodsC)homesD)A)ageB)everC)previouslyD)A)ForexampleB)BycontrastC)InparticularD)OnA)transformB)yieldC)adjustD)A)withinB)fromC)beyondD)A)unfairlyB)unpredictablyC)instantlyD)A)reliableB)considerableC)availableD)A)senseB)conscienceC)projectD)A)ranksB)assetsC)idealsD)PartVITranslation(5Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishthegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.Youwouldnothavefailedifyou Despitethehardshipheencountered,Marknever Scientistsagreethatitwillbealongtime Productionhastobeincreasedconsiderablyto Themoreexerciseyou 2009年12月大四級(jí)考試答案詳PartⅠ，一感到難以把握，考生可以從作文提綱入手進(jìn)行分析以獲取對(duì)“綠色校園”這一概念的2，可以看出此處的“綠色校園”指的決不僅僅是青青的草地和高解概念的基礎(chǔ)上，考生還應(yīng)對(duì)“綠色校園”的重要性進(jìn)行剖析，這時(shí)，考生可以從多個(gè)角CreatingaGreenRecently,withtheideaofmakingandmaintaining“agreenearth”beingthefocusofthesociety,“greencampus”has eamoreandmorepopularconceptinuniversitiesorcolleges,which,undoubtedly,willbringusanever-lastingbenefittobothourcampusandoursociety.Theconceptof“greencampus”doesnotonlymeanagreenenvironmentbutalsoreferstoanenvironmentalsenseinpeople’smind.Campusysacrucialroleineducatingtheyounggenerationandtheconsciousnessof“greencampus”willdefiniyproduceaprofoundeffectonstudents’variousenvironmentalprotectionactivitiesaftertheirgraduation.What’smore,theyounggenerationisundertheburdenofsevereenvironmentalpollutionandtherearemanyproblemswaitingforthemtosolve.Tomake“greencampus”cometrue,firstly,itisnecessarytoworkouteffectiveprinciplesforthedevelopmentofsustainableandrecyclablecampus.Secondly,itcallsforpeople’sawarenessoftheseriouspollutionaroundusandactualactiontoreducethewaste.Lastbutnotleast,itisnecessarytostrengthenthetiesbetweencampusandsociety,soastoensurethat“greencampus”canworksmoothlywiththeco-effortofthewholesociety.更為重要的是，年輕一代著嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染，有太多問題們?nèi)ソ鉀Q?！旧鷦?dòng)的用詞】maintain保持;concept概念;profound長遠(yuǎn)的;sustainable可持續(xù)的;recyclable可循環(huán)的?！矩S富的短語】bringbenefitto帶來利益;yacrucialrolein發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用;undertheburdenof在……重負(fù)下;cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn);callfor要求。剛剛閉幕的世界氣候大會(huì)使環(huán)保減排這個(gè)成為焦點(diǎn)在全世界都提倡可持續(xù)發(fā)必須考慮的。另外開篇時(shí)，切忌拖泥帶水，應(yīng)直截了當(dāng)，使閱卷老師對(duì)文章一目了然。正確拼寫詞性及詞義錯(cuò)誤的拼寫focusn.effectn.effectionenvironmentn.envirment/invironmentburdenn.負(fù)擔(dān)burdonsolvev.解決sloveseriousa.seroustruea.真的turesocietyn.soceitytheoryn.理論theryrealize→beawareofWe’dbetterbeawareoftheseriousnessofpollutionaroundus.我們最好周圍污染keeppreserveItisnecessarytoeducatethestudentstobeconsciousoftheimportancetopreservetheenvironment.有必要教育學(xué)生保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性。leadconductThiswillhelpconducttheactivitiesofthecollegestudents.Theideaof“agreencampusisbeyondagreenenvironment.“綠色校園”絕不僅僅Theconstructionof“agreencampus”willgreatlystimulatestudentstotakepartinvariousenvironmentalprotectionactivities.Tobring“agreencampus”toitsfully,effectivemeasuresshouldbetaken.為全面Campusconstructionisofvitalimportancenotonlytothephysicaldevelopmentofstudentsbuttotheirmentalhealthaswell.校園建設(shè)不僅對(duì)學(xué)生的身體發(fā)展很重要，而且對(duì)他Thereislittledoubtthatfurtherconsiderationmustbepaidtoourgreencampus.毫無疑問，對(duì)于綠色校園應(yīng)該給與的思考。devastationn.毀 disastrousa.損失慘重doomv.厄運(yùn)， existencen.存在，生活healthfula.健康 messya.骯臟的，凌亂participationn.，參 preservev.保存，保preventivea.預(yù)防性 purifyv.澄清，凈stimulationn.激勵(lì)，鼓舞 arouseconsciousness喚起意識(shí)本次作文中獲取高分除了審題恰當(dāng)獨(dú)到還要有扎實(shí)的語言基礎(chǔ)如本文綠色校園”可以采用多種表達(dá)：greencampus和environmental-friendlycampus;“綠色校園的構(gòu)建”可以create，buildup，establish和construct等，以體現(xiàn)考生對(duì)詞匯多樣性的積累。要意義地立足總結(jié)規(guī)律切實(shí)提高自己語言能力始終是四級(jí)作文備考的根本PartⅡReadingComprehension(Skimmingandaidn.①幫助，②助手v.幫助，【用】financialaid經(jīng)濟(jì);meritaid/Merit-based獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金;need-basedaid助學(xué)金或經(jīng)濟(jì)資助;foreignaid外援對(duì)外;hearingaid助;aidsandappliances用具，設(shè)備【搭】inaidto用來幫助起……作用;leadone’said(to)給予幫助;inaidof作為……之【拓】aidancen.協(xié)助，幫助;aidanta.幫助的;aideda.輔助的projectv.n.【用ProjectHope希望工程;projectmanager項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理;projectn項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃;project項(xiàng)目預(yù)算，工程預(yù)算【拓】projectionn.突出，發(fā)射;projectinga.selectivea. v.a.精選的;selectionn.packagen.包裹;套裝軟件，程序包a.【用】packagedesign包裝設(shè)計(jì);packageagreement一攬子安排，一攬子方案;package作統(tǒng)一規(guī)定和安排的旅游);packageprogram組裝程序【拓】packn.v.包裝，壓緊;packageda.袋裝的;packagern.打包機(jī)rankinga.頭等的;n.【用】rankinglist;rankingmethod等級(jí)法，排序【拓】rankn.等級(jí);隊(duì)列;v.grantv.;n.【用】grantofapatent授予專利權(quán)【搭】take…forgranted認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然;Granted/Grantingthat即使……(也)【拓】grantsn.金，津貼(grant的復(fù)數(shù))enrolv.【搭】enrolin選課，參加【拓】enrollmentn.登記，入伍;enrolleen.eliminatev.【用】eliminateillicy掃盲;eliminatepoverty消除貧困;eliminatenoiseeliminate是指把已進(jìn)入者從中排除;excludev.指把想進(jìn)入者拒qualifyv.使具有資格，證明……合格【用】qualifyingexamination資格考試，初試;qualifyingcompetition預(yù)選賽，資格賽【搭】qualifyas取得……資格，作為……合適;qualifyfor有……的資格，合格【拓】qualifieda.有資格的，合格的excelv.n.計(jì)算機(jī)]【搭】toexcelin/at在某方面)勝過(或超過)別人;toexcelinmusicexcellenta.極好的，卓越的;excellencen.submitv.使服從，提交【用】submitoneselftodiscipline遵守紀(jì)律;submitregistration提交登記表，提交【搭】submitto服從;submit…to將……呈交給【拓】submissionn.【原題譯文】隨著越來越多的低收入學(xué)生追求高等教育，一些學(xué)院【快速解題本題的題干是moreandmore estudents和pursuinghigher【篇章分析】原文第二段“Butwith estudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownasmeritaid,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.”原文中with estudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulation和題干中withmoreandmore estudentspursuinghighereducation意思一致;原文中re-examining和B選項(xiàng)中revise意思相同。所以答案為B。D【快速解題】本題的題干是大學(xué)名稱AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville和do，由【篇章分析】原文第三段“GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,