2023年考研考博考博英語東北大學考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案（圖片大小可自由調整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Mostactsof（）involvethinningouttheanimalpopulationincertainareasofthecountry.問題1選項A.malcontentB.panderC.peccadilloD.depredation2.單選題ThePlanningCommissionassertsthattheneededreductioninacutecarehospitalbedscanbestbeaccomplishedbyclosingthesmallerhospitals,mainlyvoluntaryandproprietary.Thisstrategyfollowsfromtheargumentthatclosingentireinstitutionssavesmoremoneythanclosingtheequivalentnumberofbedsscatteredthroughoutthehealthsystem.Theissueisnotthesimple.Largerhospitalsgenerallyaredesignedtoprovidemorecomplexcare.Routinecareatlargehospitalscostsmorethanthesamecaregivenatsmallerhospitals.Therefore,closureofallthesmallhospitalswouldcommitthecitytopayingconsiderablymoreforinpatientcaredeliveredatacutecarehospitalsthanwouldbethecasewithamixtureoflargeandsmallinstitutions.Sincereimbursementratesatthelargehospitalsarenowbasedontotalcosts,payingthelargeinstitutionsalowerrateforroutinecarewouldsimplyraisetheratesforcomplexcarebyacomparableamount.Suchareimbursementrateadjustmentmightmakethechargesforeachindividualcasemoreaccuratelyreflecttheactualcosts,buttherewouldbenoreductioninthetotalcosts.Thereissomeevidencethatgianthospitalsarenotthemostefficient.Serviceorganizations—andmedicalcareremainslargelyaserviceindustry―frequentlyfindthatsavingsofscalehaveanupperlimit.Similarly,thequalityofroutinecareintheverylargesthospitalsappearstobelessthanoptimum.Also,theconcentrationofallhospitalbedsinafewlocationsmayaffecttheaccesstocare.Thussimplyclosingthesmallerhospitalswillnotnecessarilysavemoneyorimprovethequalityofcare.Sincethefactremainsthattherearetoomanyacutecarehospitalbedsinthecity,theproblemistodeviseaproperstrategyforselectingandurgingtheclosureoftheexcessbeds,howevermanyitmayturnouttobe.Theclosingofwholebuildingswithinlargemedicalcentershadmanyofthecostadvantagesofclosingthewholeofsmallinstitutions,becausethefixedcostscanalsobereducedinsuchcases.Unfortunately,manyoftheseparatebuildingsatmedicalcentersarespecialusefacilities,therelocationofwhichisextremelycostly.Still,asearchshouldbemadeforsuchopportunities.Thecurrentlackofadequateambulatorycarefacilitiesraisesanotherpossibility.Somefloorsorotherlargecompactareasofhospitalscouldbetransferredfrominpatienttoambulatoryuses.Reimbursementofambulatoryservicesischaotic,buttheproblemisbeingaddressed.Theoverheadassociatedwiththeentirehospitalshouldnotbechargedevenproratetotheambulatoryfacilities.Evenifitwere,thetotalcostwouldprobablybelessthanthatofbuildingofanewfacility.Manyotherissueswouldalsoneedstudy,especiallythepotentialover-centralizationofambulatoryservices.ThePlanningCommissionlanguageseemstoimplythatonereasonforclosingsmallerhospitalsisthattheyare“mainlyvoluntaryandproprietary”,thus,preservingthepublichospitalsystembymakingtherestofthehospitalsystemabsorbtheneededcuts.Itisimportanttopreservethepublichospitalsystemformanyreasons,buttheissueshouldbefaceddirectlyandnothiddenbehindargumentsabouthospitalsizeifindeedthatwasthemeaning.1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.2.ThePlanningCommissionisaccusedbytheauthorofbeing（）.3.Theauthor’spurposeindiscussingambulatorycareisto（）.4.Withwhichofthefollowingistheauthorleastlikelytoagree?5.Howdoestheauthorfeelthathissuggestionsforclosinginpatientbedscouldimpactontheambulatorycaresystem?問題1選項A.MaintainingAdequateHospitalFacilitiesB.DefendingthePublicHospitalsC.ProtectingtheProprietaryandVoluntaryHospitalsD.EconomicEfficiencyinHospitalBedClosings問題2選項A.unfairB.foolishC.shortsightedD.ignorant問題3選項A.discussalternativestoclosinghospitalbedsB.presentamethodofreducingthefiscaldisadvantagesofclosingonlypartsoflargerhospitalsC.helppreservethepublichospitalsystemD.attacktheinefficientuseofspaceonlargerhospitals問題4選項A.Aproposaltosavecostsinaprisonsystembybuildingonlyverylargeprisoncomplexes.B.Aplantostoptheclosingofanybedswhatsoeverinthecity,untilthecostsofvariousalternativescanbefullyconsidered.C.Aproposalbyanarchitecturefirmthatnewhospitalbuildingshavecentralizedrecordsystem.D.Amayoralcommissionbeingformedtostudytheplightoftheelderly.問題5選項A.Ambulatorycarecostswillprobablybereduced.B.Areductionofhospitalbedswillincreasethedemandforambulatoryservices.C.Smallerhospitalswillhavetocutbackambulatoryservicestostayfiscallyviable.D.Theuseasambulatoryfacilitiesofthespacemadeavailableinlargehospitalsbybedclosingsmightresultinhavingtoomanyambulatoryservicesbasedinlargehospitals.3.單選題PoorWilliamsisinhospitalagain.Theunluckyfellowseems（）toaccidents.問題1選項A.proneB.destinedC.boundD.disposed4.單選題Thestreetperformerwassobadwehadto（）him,butdidwehavetothrowtherottentomatoesathishead?問題1選項A.jeerB.dissolveC.adjournD.guarantee5.單選題Heisoneofthemostactive（）intheextracurricularactivitiesofthestudents’union.問題1選項A.inhabitantsB.descendantsC.participantsD.tenants6.單選題Thecitizensexpresstheir（）tothelocalcouncilforthehelp.問題1選項A.attitudeB.gratitudeC.altitudeD.gravity7.單選題Whenthedoctordoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople（）andasksthemalotofquestions.問題1選項A.atrandomB.atlengthC.inessenceD.inbulk8.單選題Whenbreadpricesrose,Vladkhleb,abakery,askedthekraiandcityforhelpinholdingdownprices.Hereisaletteritwrote,publishedintheVladivostokTimesSept.9,2007DearResidentsofVladivostok:ThestaffandBoardofDirectorsofVladkhlebcan’tkeepsilentinthecurrentwildsituationwhenpricesforallexistingproductsareskyrocketingunbelievably.Andwhilewesomewhatindifferentlywatchenormousfiguresonpricetagsfordelicacyproducts,everykopeckofextrachargeforthestaplescausesarealpanic.Weperfectlyrealizethat,andthat’swhywehavekeptbreadpricesaffordableforallthistime.Evenaftertheriseofpriceswehavetriedtokeepthepastpricesforaslongaspossible.Atthemomentallourreservesareexhausted.Stocksofbread-bakingingredientssuchasflour,sugar,butterandthelikearerunningout.Tobuywhatweneedatreasonablepricesisvirtuallyimpossibletoday.However,wecannottemporize.Weallneedbreadeveryday,whichmeanswewillbeforcedtobuyeverythingweneedatmuchhigherprices.Whatthismeansperhapsdoesn’tneedtobeexplained.Thecostofbreadcloselydependsoningredients.Anotherfinancialcrisishasledtoa50%－300%increaseofpricesforbutler,vegetableoil,alltypesofmargarine,yeastandotherasofSeptember1.Allthesepricescontinuetogroweveryhour.Becauseofthis,Vladkhlebcametothecriticalpointwhereitisnecessarytoraisepricesofitsproducts.Otherwise,wewilljustdestroyamostpowerfulbreadenterprise.ShouldVladkhlebshutdown,thebreadpricewillgetoutofhand.Oureconomistsprojectedthesituationforthenearfutureconsideringthegrowingflourcost.Withthecostofflourat2.18rublesperkilogramatthestartofSeptember,theretailbreadpricewastobe4.36rubles.Withanincreaseofflourcostto4rublesperkilogram,breadpricewillgrowto6.17rubles.Furthergrowthwillbepossible.Soitturnsoutthatbreadmayrankwithdelicacyproducts.Isthereanotherwayout?Yes.Itisalreadyputintopracticebyleadersofothercitiesandregions.Forexample,MoscowMayorYuryLuzhkovusedthepressintheveryfirstdaysofthecrisistotelltheresidentsthathehaddecidedtosubsidizethebreadindustrysothatnottoallowpricesforthistypeoffoodtorise.Therewerenoobjections.SodidKhabarovsk―theretheypaysubsidiesforbreadbakingingredients.Incidentally,thecityandkraiadministrationsalreadyhavetheexperienceofsupportingourplants.Ratherthanartificiallyholdingbackprices,theyemployedloansandwaiversandthelike.Atthispointallthecityandkraiofficesofauthorityaswellasdeputiesatalllevelscouldconsiderourpropositionssuchas:Grantingwaiversontaxestokraiandcitybudgets;Establishinglowerpricesforelectricandthermalenergyforaprogramofbreadproduction;Facilitatinginreceptionofcustomsdutyandtaxwaiversfromthefederalgovernmentforimportedgrain;RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts;Loweringrentforpremisesandplots.AnyofthesepossiblemeasureswillhelpVladkhlebcontainthegrowthofpricesforitsproducts.DespiteofourSOSsignal,nomeasureshavebeentakenasyet.Wehavefoundourselvesinthesamesituationasanyofyou.Weseethesituationchangingsteadilyfortheworse.Wewillnotcopewiththatalone.Weseeonerecourse:Raisethebreadpriceminimallyandcancelourfreeplasticbagservice.Butwhatisnext?Thisistheconcernofallthe700employeesandtheboardofVladkhleb.Everyextrakopeckinthecostofbreadupsetsyouandusverymuch.Makingoursincereapologiesforaforcedincreaseofthebreadprice,wehopeforyourunderstandingandsupport.Todayandtomorrowwearewithyou,asusual.TheStaffandBoardofVladkhleb1.InthisopenletterVladkhlebexplainstothepeopleofVladivostokthat（）.2.Apossiblesolutiontothecrisis,Vladkhlebsuggestsis（）.3.“Soitturnsoutthatbreadmayrankwithdelicacyproducts,”means（）.4.Vladkhlebhasdecidednottoshutdownbecause,theysay,（）.5.OneofVladkhlebpropositionstothelocalauthorities“RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts.”Means（）.問題1選項A.theycannolongersupplybreadB.thepriceofbreadwilltrebleC.allreservesofbread-makingingredientshavebeendepletedD.itwillhavetoclosedown問題2選項A.touseingredientsofalowerqualityB.tocuttheworkers’wagesC.tourgepeopletoeatlessbreadD.tohavethebreadpricesubsidizedbytheauthorities問題3選項A.thatbreadhasbecomemuchtastierinrecentmonthsB.thatbreadhasbecomeasexpensiveascaviarC.thatbreadhasbecomeanarticlemanypeoplecannolongeraffordD.thatbreadhasbecomemorecrispyinrecentmonths問題4選項A.theorganizationstillhasalotofoutstandingdebtsB.otherwisethepriceofbreadmaygetoutofhandC.otherwisethedistributionofbreadmayendupinthehandsofthemafiaD.theiremployeesareloyalandhard-working問題5選項A.thatthearmystillowesthebakeryalotofmoneyforbreaddeliveredinthepastB.thatVladkhlebstillowesalotofmoneytothearmyforingredientsthatitsuppliedinthepastC.thatthelocalauthoritiesshouldaskformorefundsfromMoscowwhichwouldotherwiseendupwiththePacificFleetD.thatthelocalauthoritiesshouldpaybackthedebtimmediately9.單選題Thecoast（）slowlyasourshipsailedouttosea.問題1選項A.recededB.concededC.proceededD.exceeded10.單選題Thoughseriouslydamagedbyafire,theancientmansionwaseventually（）toitsoriginalsplendor.問題1選項A.repairedB.renewedC.restoredD.renovated11.單選題Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortofnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparents.UCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethird.JamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants.TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedtosegregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationheatupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwaveofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.1.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?3.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?4.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?5.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis（）.問題1選項A.Theywereofinferiorraces.B.Theywereasourceofpoliticalcorruption.C.Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.D.Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.問題2選項A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.問題3選項A.Theymayslowlyimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.B.Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.C.TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.問題4選項A.Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.B.UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.D.TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.問題5選項A.HowtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocumentsB.HowtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansocietyC.HowtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingtheborderD.HowtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.12.單選題Afterfouryearsinthesamejob,hisenthusiasmfinally（）.問題1選項A.deterioratedB.dispersedC.dissipatedD.drained13.單選題Drinkingwateris（）whensewageseepsintothewatersupply.問題1選項A.concealedB.consumedC.contemplatedD.contaminated14.單選題Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjam,thecostofpetrolandthefastpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecomingdeplorable.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatter.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog（占道者）,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign;otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.Roadcourtesyisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtohitbackwhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofcourtesyhelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofcourtesyarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizecourtesywhentheyseeit.Contrarytogeneralopinion,youngdrivershavebettermannersthantheirseniors.Butthisisshort-livedintheworldofmoderndrivingwheremanydriversneitherexpectnorgiveanymercy.Thismaybeencouragedonthebattlefieldbutisoutofplaceontheroads.Lorrydriverssaytheyhavealmostabandonedthepracticeofsignalingcarstoovertakewhentheroadisclear,becausemanyofthecarstooktoolongtopass.Theycouldn’tbebotheredtoselectalowergear.Thecardrivers,afterovertaking,sloweddownagainandhoggedtheroad.Again,amotoringmagazinehasrecentlydrawnattentiontotheincreasingnumberofdriverswhoneverwaitforgaps.“Theymanufacturethembyforce,usingtheirdirectionindicatorsasathreatratherthanawarning.”Punch-ups（打群架）arequitecommon.Itcan’tbelongbeforewehearofpistolsandknivesbeingused.Drivingisessentiallyastateofmind.Howevertechnicallyskilledadrivermaybe,hecan’tbeanadvancedmotoristifheisalwaysarrogantandaggressive.1.Theauthorismostconcernedabout（）.2.Theword“deplorable”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans“（）”.3.Theword“courtesy”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans“（）”.4.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?5.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3that（）.6.Anexampleofgoodmannersontheroadsis（）.7.Accordingtotheauthor,agooddrivershould（）.問題1選項A.trafficjamB.roadmannersC.fastpaceoflifeD.highcostofpetrol問題2選項A.moreseriousB.moretemptingC.disturbingD.noticeable問題3選項A.drivingB.wavingC.goodmannersD.badmanners問題4選項A.Manydriverstendtofightbackagainstrudebehaviors.B.Alittlecourtesymayhelpeasethetensionsontheroad.C.Goodwillandtolerancemayhelprelievetrafficjam.D.Manydriversnowadayslackagoodsenseofcourtesy.問題5選項A.youngdriversaremoreaggressiveB.youngdriverswouldsoonlosetheirgoodmannersC.elderdriversaremorecautiousD.elderdriversshouldimprovetheirdrivingskills問題6選項A.signalingcarstoovertakeB.manufacturingagapC.selectingalowergearD.usingthedirectionindicator問題7選項A.betechnicallyskilledB.haveagoodstateofmindC.besympatheticwithothersD.takegoodcareofhisvehicle15.單選題Thespeakerwasknowntobequitethe（）,sotheprogramwaswellattended.問題1選項A.raconteurB.raquonteurC.racquonteurD.raqonteur16.單選題TheheadquartersofthisoilcompanyisinLondonwhileits（）companiesarelocatedindifferentpartsoftheworld.問題1選項A.subsidiaryB.ultimateC.inferiorD.precedented17.單選題Sittingonthetable,twosmallkittenswere（）roundtheinsideoftheemptyhamtin.問題1選項A.swallowingB.lickingC.chewingD.munching18.單選題Imagineeatingeverythingdeliciousyouwant―withnoneofthefat.Thatwouldbegreat,wouldn’tit?New“fakefat”productsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStatesrecently,butnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.Makersoftheproducts,whichcontainacompoundcalledolestra,sayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminatefatfromcertainfoods.Critics,however,saythenewcompoundcanrobthebodyofessentialvitaminsandnutrientsandcanalsocauseunpleasantsideeffectsinsomepeople.Soit’suptoconsumerstodecidewhetherthenewfat-freeproductstastegoodenoughtokeepeating.Chemistsdiscoveredolestrainthelate1960s,whentheyweresearchingforafatthatcouldbedigestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.Insteadoffindingthedesiredfat,theresearcherscreatedafatthancan’tbedigestedatall.Normally,specialchemicalsintheintestines“grab”moleculesofregularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbeusedbythebody.Amoleculeofregularfatismadeupofthreemoleculesofsubstancescalledfattyacids.ThefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbringwiththemtheessentialvitaminsA,D,EandK.Whenfatmoleculesarepresentintheintestineswithanyofthosevitamins,thevitaminsattachtothemoleculesandarecarriedintothebloodstream.Olestra,whichismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacids,istoolargefortheintestinestoabsorb.Itjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbrokendown.Manufacturerssayit’sthatabilitytoslideunchangedthroughtheintestinesthatmakesolestrasovaluableasafatsubstitute.Itprovidesconsumerswiththetasteofregularfatwithoutanybadeffectsonthebody.ButcriticssayolestracanpreventvitaminsA,D,E,andKfrombeingabsorbed.Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionofcarotenoids,compoundsthatmayreducetheriskofcancer,heartdisease,etc.ManufacturersareaddingvitaminsA,D,E,andKaswellascarotenoidstotheirproductsnow.Evenso,somenutritionistsarestillconcernedthatpeoplemighteatunlimitedamountsoffoodmadewiththefatsubstitutewithoutworryingabouthowmanycaloriestheyareconsuming.1.Welearnfromthepassagethatolestraisasubstancethat（）.2.Theresultofthesearchforaneasilydigestiblefatturnedouttobe（）.3.Olestraisdifferentfromordinaryfatsinthat（）.4.Whatisapossiblenegativeeffectofolestraaccordingtosomecritics?5.Whyarenutritionistsconcernedaboutaddingvitaminstoolestra?問題1選項A.containsplentyofnutrientsB.makesfoodsfat-freewhilekeepingthemdeliciousC.makesfoodseasilydigestibleD.rendersfoodscaloric-freewhileretainingtheirvitamins問題2選項A.commerciallyuselessB.justasanticipatedC.somewhatcontroversialD.quiteunexpected問題3選項A.itpreventsexcessiveintakeofvitaminsB.ithelpsreducetheincidenceofheartdiseaseC.itfacilitatestheabsorptionofvitaminsbythebodyD.itpassesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingabsorbed問題4選項A.Itmayincreasetheriskofcancer.B.Itmayimpairthedigestivesystem.C.Itmayaffecttheoverallfatintake.D.Itmayspoiltheconsumers’appetite.問題5選項A.Itmayleadtotheover-consumptionofvitamins.B.Thefunctionoftheintestinesmaybeweakened.C.Peoplemaybeinducedtoeatmorethanisnecessary.D.Itmaytriggeranewwaveoffakefoodproduction.19.單選題Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.問題1選項A.modifyingB.duplicatingC.acceleratingD.stimulating20.單選題Recentfindingsindicatethatbirdscanalsousethemagneticfieldoftheearthasanaidto（）.問題1選項A.criterionB.orientationC.standardD.guideline第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項malcontent“不滿現狀的人；反抗者”；B選項pander“慫恿者；拉皮條者”；C選項peccadillo“輕罪；小過失；小瑕疵”；D選項depredation“掠奪；破壞，破壞痕跡”。句意：大多數掠奪行為使這個國家某些地區(qū)的動物數量變少。根據句意可知D選項正確。2.【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:B第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文首段主旨句“ThePlanningCommissionassertsthattheneededreductioninacutecarehospitalbedscanbestbeaccomplishedbyclosingthesmallerhospitals,mainlyvoluntaryandproprietary.”中文翻譯為：規(guī)劃委員會聲稱醫(yī)院急癥護理床位所需的減少能最好地通過關閉較小的醫(yī)院（主要是慈善和私立醫(yī)院）來完成。結合后文，D選項“醫(yī)院床位關閉的經濟效率”符合題意。2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。A:unfair“不公平的”；B:foolish“愚蠢的”；C:shortsighted“目光短淺的”；D:ignorant“無知的”。通讀全文可知，規(guī)劃委員會主張關閉一些小型醫(yī)院，而作者分析了直接關閉一些小型醫(yī)院這一方案存在的弊端，并提出了可供選擇的合理的解決方法，因此判斷出答案為C。3.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據題干關鍵詞ambulatorycare可以定位到文章第七段“Thecurrentlackofadequateambulatorycarefacilitiesraisedanotherpossibility.”中文翻譯為：目前合適的門診醫(yī)療設備的缺乏提供了另外一種可能，以及原文第六段“Unfortunately,manyoftheseparatebuildingsatmedicalcentersarespecialusefacilities,therelocationofwhichisextremelycostly.Still,asearchshouldbemadeforsuchopportunities.”中文翻譯為：不幸的是，醫(yī)療中心的很多獨立的建筑都有其特殊的職能，改變這些建筑成本將會非常高。但還是需要去尋求這樣的機會。可知答案為B項“提出減少僅僅關閉大醫(yī)院中的部分區(qū)域的財政劣勢的方法”。4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干可以定位到文章第二段“Routinecareatlargehospitalscostsmorethanthesamecaregivenatsmallerhospitals.”中文翻譯為：大醫(yī)院的常規(guī)護理費用會高于小醫(yī)院?！笨梢耘袛郃項“一項通過只是修建超大型監(jiān)獄綜合設施來節(jié)省監(jiān)獄系統(tǒng)成本的提議”和作者觀點有悖，故選A。5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干可定位到原文倒數第二段“Manyotherissueswouldalsoneedstudy,especiallythepotentialover-centralizationofambulatoryservices.”中文翻譯為：很多其他問題也需要研究，尤其是非臥床醫(yī)療服務的潛在過度集中?？芍鸢笧镈“將因關閉床位而在大醫(yī)院空出來的空間用作流動性設施可能導致很多流動服務設立在大醫(yī)院中”。3.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項prone“俯臥的；有……傾向的，易于……的”；B選項destined“注定的；命定的”；C選項bound“有義務的；必定的；受約束的”；D選項disposed“有……傾向的；打算做……的”。句意：可憐的威廉再次住院。這個不幸的家伙看上去易于遭受事故。結合句意可知A選項正確。4.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項jeer“嘲笑；戲弄”；B選項dissolve“使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C選項adjourn“推遲；使……中止”；D選項guarantee“保證；擔保”。句意：街頭藝人的表演是如此糟糕，所以我們不得不嘲笑他，但是我們不得不向他的頭扔腐爛的西紅柿嗎？結合句意，A選項正確。5.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項inhabitant“居民；居住者”；B選項descendant“后裔；子孫”；C選項participant“參與者”；D選項tenant“承租人；房客；佃戶”。句意：他是學生會課外活動最積極的參與者之一。結合句意，判斷出選項C正確。6.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項attitude“態(tài)度；看法”；B選項gratitude“感謝；感激”；C選項altitude“高地；高度；海拔”；D選項gravity“重力；地心引力；嚴重性”。句意：這些市民向提供幫助的當地委員會表達了他們的感謝。結合句意，故B選項正確。7.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項atrandom“胡亂地；隨便地；隨意地”；B選項atlength“最后，終于；詳細地”；C選項inessence“本質上；其實；大體上”；D選項inbulk“散裝；大量”。句意：當醫(yī)生對人類的大腦做一個綜合性實驗時，他隨意挑選人且問他們很多問題。結合句意，A選項正確。8.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:C第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文第四段“Atthemomentallourreservesareexhausted.Stocksofbread-bakingingredientssuchasflour,sugar,butterandthelikearerunningout.”中文翻譯為：此刻，我們所有的儲備已用完。諸如面粉、糖、黃油和類似的面包烘焙原料正在耗盡。因此C選項“所有面包制作的原料已經被耗盡”符合題意。2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據題干可定位到文章第九段“Forexample,MoscowMayorYuryLuzhkovusedthepressintheveryfirstdaysofthecrisistotelltheresidentsthathehaddecidedtosubsidizethebreadindustrysothatnottoallowpricesforthistypeoffoodtorise.”中文翻譯為：例如，莫斯科市長YuryLuzhkov在危機出現的頭幾天里通過新聞界告訴居民，他已決定補助面包行業(yè)，以便不讓這類食品的價格上漲。對應D選項“讓面包價格受到政府補助”。因此D項符合題意。3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干可以定位到文章第八段“Withanincreaseofflourcostto4rublesperkilogram,breadpricewillgrowto6.17rubles.Furthergrowthwillbepossible.”中文翻譯為：隨著面粉價格上漲至每公斤4盧布，面包的價格將上漲至6.17盧布。進一步的價格上漲將是可能的?？芍鸢笧镃項“面包已變成一種很多人不再能負擔得起的商品”。4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據題干可以定位到原文第七段“ShouldVladkhlebshutdown,thebreadpricewillgetoutofhand.”中文翻譯為：如果Vladkhleb面包店停業(yè)，那么面包價格將失去控制。因此B項“否則，面包價格可能失去控制”正確。5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干可以定位到原文倒數第五段“RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts.”中文翻譯為：收回太平洋艦隊因產品供應欠的六百萬盧布債務（計算截止時間為2007年8月）。因此可知答案為C“當地政府應該向莫斯科要求更多資金，否則，最終要求莫斯科支付太平洋艦隊所欠當地政府的債務”。9.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項recede“后退；減弱”；B選項concede“承認；退讓；給予”；C選項proceed“開始；繼續(xù)進行；發(fā)生；行進”；D選項exceed“超過；勝過”。句意：這個海岸隨著我們的船駛向大海而慢慢地后退。結合此處語義，A選項正確。10.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項repair“修理；補救，糾正”；B選項renew“使更新；續(xù)借；續(xù)費”；C選項restore“恢復；修復；歸還”；D選項renovate“更新；革新；刷新”。句意：盡管被一場火災嚴重損壞，但這個古老的宅第最后被恢復到了它原來的壯麗。結合此處語境，C選項正確。11.【答案】