2009英語高考復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解YangCaijun★調(diào)查問卷內(nèi)容單選完形閱讀聽力改錯(cuò)寫作百分比1023471037在平時(shí)的高考模擬題操練中，我最不喜歡做的題型是原因：①詞匯量大，句型復(fù)雜，篇幅長(zhǎng)，較難讀懂。②篇數(shù)太多，當(dāng)讀到D篇時(shí)已在崩潰邊緣，讀到E篇時(shí)已完全麻木，若任務(wù)型簡(jiǎn)單些則能恢復(fù)知覺，否則將昏迷不醒。③分值大，很多選項(xiàng)模棱兩可難以抉擇，失分率較高，很有挫敗感。④練習(xí)過程痛苦，見效太慢?！镎{(diào)查反饋內(nèi)容單選完形閱讀聽力改錯(cuò)寫作百分比20233214383、對(duì)于英語高考，我最沒有把握并想快速提高的題型是Pleaseworkhardatthereadingcomprehension！閱讀理解題考查的是考生閱讀理解英語篇章的能力，文章涉及到人物、故事、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、新聞、廣告、科普、文化、社會(huì)等多種題材,涵蓋了記敘文、說明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文等多種體裁，它考查的不僅是考生對(duì)整篇文章的把握能力,而且考查考生快速捕捉信息,準(zhǔn)確理解特定細(xì)節(jié)以及復(fù)雜句子的能力?？忌粌H要理解文章的表層意思,更重要的是能通過文章的表層去合理推斷,挖掘文章的隱含意義、延伸意義。

★閱讀理解考查內(nèi)容近六年閱讀短文題材一覽表(以全國(guó)卷I為例)ABCDE03科普類新聞?lì)悘V告類人文類文化類04史地類科普類廣告類科普類科普類05廣告類故事類哲理類科普類文化類06文化類文化類廣告類社會(huì)類哲理類07哲理類文化類廣告類社會(huì)類哲理類08故事類科普類科普類廣告類社會(huì)類★《考試大綱》要求1、理解主旨和要義；2、理解文中具體信息；3、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；4、做出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理；5、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；6、理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度?！镩喿x理解命題分類主旨大意型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型詞義猜測(cè)型推理判斷型命題類閱讀理解之主旨大意主旨大意型常見提問形式1).主題型主旨大意題的題干表現(xiàn)形式:Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2).目的類主旨大意題Thepassageismeantto….Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…3).標(biāo)題類主旨大意題Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe…Theparagraphcouldbeentitled…HowToGetTheMainIdea?如何做主旨大意題?如何做主旨大意題

做此類題目時(shí)，首先要搞清是問某一段還是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息來把握文脈，進(jìn)行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中的蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。第三:要學(xué)會(huì)借助文章的結(jié)構(gòu)來把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主題句(Topicsentence)來表達(dá)。主題句常常出現(xiàn)在段首(60%--90%)或段尾處,有時(shí)也在段落中間。同樣,一篇文章的中心思想也常常在開始段或結(jié)尾段點(diǎn)出。因此,在閱讀中,我們要對(duì)文章的開始段和結(jié)尾段及段落的主題句給予特別的注意。一、主旨大意型實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?（1）主題句在段首

一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種格式。2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessi--onalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance

So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance（2）主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù),層層推理論證,最后自然得出結(jié)論,即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn),它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hu--rry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.Thissalestrickiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyerBeCarefulB.Closeout(出清存貨)SaleC.CrimePaysD.BuyingaTVSet

Thissalestrickiscalled“baitandswitch”.（3）在短文中間

當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時(shí),通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋,支撐或發(fā)展.

4

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail一、主旨大意型解題要領(lǐng)A、干擾項(xiàng)可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。B、干擾項(xiàng)可能屬?gòu)奈闹心承?不完全的)事 實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。C、干擾項(xiàng)

可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。D、正確項(xiàng)

是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。TypesOfParagraphStructurestypeThepositionofthetopicAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentencedetailsParagraphideasPassageidea上下文構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞意閱讀理解之猜測(cè)詞意猜測(cè)詞義題常見設(shè)問方式:1.Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans……2.Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbe

replacedby……3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor……?4.Bysaying“…”,wemean……5.“…”,asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas……6.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“…”?7.Theunderlinedphrase“…”isclosetinmeaningto…..?8.Theunderlinedword“..”roughlymeans…?

Howtoguessthe

meaningsofnewwords?Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.

Desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife.●信號(hào)詞：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas1.

Definitionandexplanation利用定義和解釋猜測(cè)詞義；

蚊子沙漠Ex.1◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

木匠

動(dòng)物學(xué)家

牧人ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.2.

GuessingfromComparisonandContrast信號(hào)詞:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等污穢的節(jié)約的Ex.2◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.

◎Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.

混亂不同意Rubber(橡膠)canbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.3.GuessingwordfromCauseandResult信號(hào)詞:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thus,owingto,thanksto,resultin,leadto,contributeto,resultfrom,contributeto

彈性的混濁的Ex.3◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.

◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.

精明的

修剪Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽裝置信號(hào)詞:such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,include,consistof4.Guessingwordfromexamples.

Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.Allwhalesfallintotwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.5.Guessingwordsaccordingtoretelling信號(hào)詞:or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway,i.e.灌溉有牙齒的Thenewtaxlawsupersedesorreplacesthelawthatwasineffectlastyear.

Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplump

asmother,andmuchshorter.6.

GuessingwordfromSynonymandAntonym

信號(hào)詞:or,and,like,as…as,thesameas替代圓胖的,Ishe

intelligent

orstupid?MostwomeninGhana---theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold---worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved.Theunderlinedword“illiterate”inthepassagemeans____.A.repeatedB.reiterated.C.uneducatedD.sickcleverEx.6Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetic

tomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.7.Guessingwordsaccordingtothecommonsense

麻藥波紋8.

Wordformation即根據(jù)前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等構(gòu)詞知識(shí)判斷生詞的詞義(1)Overwork

maycausediseases.前綴over-的意思是“過分的、過量的”故overwork的意思應(yīng)為“工作過度”。(2)Therewasadissatisfied

lookinthemanager'seyes.satisfied的意思是“滿意的”，前綴dis-的意思是“不”，故dissatisfied的意思應(yīng)該是“不滿意的”。生活常識(shí)重述對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折因果關(guān)系舉例說明同義詞反義詞構(gòu)詞法定義猜conclusion歷年高考題1.Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecolorsturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.Eventually,itcameonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackage-bluebecausewethinkofitassafe,andwhiteascalm.(2004年NMET全國(guó)，廣東卷)65.Theunderlinedpart“thecolorsturnedthecustomersoff”(inPara.3)meansthatthecolors_______.A.hadweakeffectsonthecustomersB.trickedthecustomersintoshoppingC.causedthecustomerstoloseinterestD.attractedthecustomersstrongly通過因果法可知答案為C2.(NMET2002,E篇,74)Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword‘hassle’probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyg