第05講名詞性從句之主語(yǔ)從句1．了解主語(yǔ)從句的概念和用法。2．可以依據(jù)本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容來(lái)完成一些習(xí)題。關(guān)于各種從句，有一個(gè)淺顯易懂的規(guī)律：它在句子里面是什么成分，就是什么從句。比方：▼定語(yǔ)從句：作定語(yǔ)的從句Ihaveadogthatisverycute.我有一只可愛(ài)的狗主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句〔句中做定語(yǔ)，限定修飾前面的名詞dog〕▼賓語(yǔ)從句：作賓語(yǔ)的從句，放在動(dòng)詞或介詞后面Ithinkthedogisverycute.我覺(jué)得這個(gè)狗很可愛(ài)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句〔句中做think的賓語(yǔ)〕▼狀語(yǔ)從句：作狀語(yǔ)的從句Iboughtadogbecauseit’sverycute.我買(mǎi)了一只狗，由于它很可愛(ài)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句〔句中做狀語(yǔ)，表緣由〕那么，主語(yǔ)從句是？聰慧的人都能看出來(lái)——作主語(yǔ)的唄主語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)及用法在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句就叫做主語(yǔ)從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。通常結(jié)構(gòu)為“引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分"。一.概念：在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句就叫做主語(yǔ)從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。主語(yǔ)從句使用陳述語(yǔ)序，其通常結(jié)構(gòu)為“引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分",但當(dāng)連接代詞同時(shí)充當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“連接代詞+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分〞。二.引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的詞有連詞：that,whether,if；連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever；連接副詞：when,whenever,where,wherever,how,however,why。1.連詞that,whether,if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句that在主語(yǔ)從句中不作成分，沒(méi)有意思，不能省略；whether和if雖不作句子的成分，但有“是否〞的意思，且if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不能位于句首。That

she

is

still

alive

is

a

consolation.

她還活著是使人感到寬慰的。That

she

became

an

artist

may

have

been

due

to

her

father's

influence.

她成為畫(huà)家可能是受她父親的影響。Whether

it

will

do

us

harm

remains

to

be

seen.

是否對(duì)我們有害還要看一看。Whether

they

would

support

us

was

a

problem.

他們是否會(huì)支持我們還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。2.連接代詞what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever在主語(yǔ)從句中起代詞的作用，可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，有詳細(xì)的意思且不能省略。Whatsurpriseduswasthathepassedthedrivingtest.使我們感到驚異的是他通過(guò)了駕駛考試。WhateverIhaveisyours.我所擁有的一切都是你的。Whowillgoisnotimportant.誰(shuí)將去是不重要的。Whoeverisheregetsaprize.不管誰(shuí)來(lái)，都能獲獎(jiǎng)。Whichteamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.哪個(gè)隊(duì)將贏得競(jìng)賽還不知道。WhicheveryouchooseisOK.不管你選哪一個(gè)都行。3.連接副詞when,whenever,where,wherever,how,however,why引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句when,whenever,where,wherever,how,however,why在主語(yǔ)從句中起副詞的作用，作狀語(yǔ)，有詳細(xì)的意思且不能省略。When

we

arrive

doesn't

matter.

什么時(shí)候到?jīng)]有關(guān)系。WheneveryoueisOK.你無(wú)論何時(shí)來(lái)都行。Where

I

spend

my

summer

is

no

business

of

yours.

我在哪里過(guò)暑假不關(guān)你的事。Wherevershewantstogoisnotallowed.無(wú)論她想要去哪兒都是不被允許的。How

it

was

done

was

a

mystery.

這是怎樣做的是一個(gè)謎。Howeverlateyouedoesn’tmatter.無(wú)論你來(lái)的有多晚都沒(méi)關(guān)系。Whyhediditwasn’tquiteclear.他為什么做那件事是不清晰的。4.用it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句假如主語(yǔ)從句太長(zhǎng)，為了防止句子結(jié)構(gòu)頭重腳輕，我們可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句放在主句謂語(yǔ)局部之后。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：①I(mǎi)t+is+形容詞+that…，常見(jiàn)的形容詞有known,clear,necessary,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,certain,obvious,strange,natural等。Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntousall.→Itisknowntousallthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.地球圍著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)這一點(diǎn)是眾所周知的。Whetherhewilleornotisnotclear.→Itisnotclearwhether/ifhewilleornot.他是否要來(lái)還不清晰。②It+is+名詞+that…，常見(jiàn)的名詞有apity,ashame,afact,anhonour,amystery,awonder,nowonder,goodnews,monknowledge等。Itisapitythathedidn’tpasstheexam.他沒(méi)有通過(guò)考試真圓滿。Itisawonderthathesurvivedthecrash.他從墜機(jī)大事中幸存下來(lái)真是個(gè)奇跡。Itisnowonderthathehasachievedsomuchsuccess.難怪他取得如此大的勝利。③It+is+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+that…，常見(jiàn)的過(guò)去分詞有said,believed,reported,pointedout,hoped,thought,decided,ordered等。Itissaidthatheisafamouswriter.據(jù)說(shuō)他是位聞名的作家。Itisreportedthattherewillbeastormthisafternoon.據(jù)報(bào)道今日下午有暴風(fēng)雨。④It+特別動(dòng)詞+that…，常見(jiàn)的特別動(dòng)詞有seem,appear,happen,matter,turnout,occurto,makeadifference等。Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.天看起來(lái)要下雨了。IthappenedthatIdidn’ttakeanymoneywithme.碰巧我身上沒(méi)帶錢(qián)。ItoccurredtomethatIdidn’tclosethewindow.我突然想起我沒(méi)有關(guān)窗戶。⑤It+使令性動(dòng)詞+sb.+that...，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有worry,shock,surprise,satisfy,upset等。Itupsethimalotthathewasfired.他被解雇了使他很難受。Itsurprisedmethatshebroughtupthreechildrenonherown.她單獨(dú)撫養(yǎng)三個(gè)孩子使我感到驚訝。主語(yǔ)從句不行位于句首的五種狀況首先我們大家都明白在復(fù)合句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。簡(jiǎn)潔把它理解成名詞，但形式是一個(gè)句子。那主語(yǔ)從句就是在句中作主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句的位置與陳述句中主語(yǔ)位置相同的(1)if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不行居于復(fù)合句句首。ItisuncertainifhewillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.

(2)

It

is

said

,

(reported)

…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不行提前。例如：

It

is

said

that

President

Jingo

will

visit

our

school

next

week.

(right)

That

President

Jiang

will

visit

our

school

next

week

is

said.

(wrong)

(3)

It

happens…,

It

occurs…

結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不行提前。例如：

It

occurred

to

him

that

he

failed

in

the

examination.

(right)

That

he

failed

in

the

examination

occurred

to

him.

(wrong)

(4)

It

doesn’t

matter

how/whether

…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不行提前。例如：

It

doesn’t

matter

whether

he

is

wrong

or

not.

(right)

Whether

he

is

wrong

or

not

doesn’t

matter.

(wrong)

(5)

含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不行提前。例如：

Is

it

likely

that

it

will

rain

in

the

evening?

(right)

Is

that

will

rain

in

the

evening

likely?

(wrong)

注：What

引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ)．賓語(yǔ)．表語(yǔ)，而that

那么不然。例如：1)

What

you

said

yesterday

is

right.

2)

That

she

is

still

alive

is

a

consolation.

1．________Hubbleisbasedinspaceallowsittoseefurtherthangroundbasedtelescopes,anditallowsscientiststolearnmoreabouttheuniverse.2．Itiswell-knowntousall________LiBaiwasagreatChinesepoet.3．________hesaidisveryimportant.4．________mattersmostiswhetheryouarewillingtolearnandtostudyhard.5．________teamwinsonSaturdaywillgotothenationalchampionships.6．________amazedmewasthathearrangedforacartopickmeupattheairport.7．Itisnotclear_________theplanispractical,butwecangiveitago.8．______hisdreamofgoingtocollegewilletrueisuncertain.9．_____surprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittlegirlofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.10．________hewilljoinuswon’tmaketoomuchdifference.11．Itwasneverclear________themanhadn’treportedtheaccidentintime.12．________beatXiaoWangblackandblueisnotknown.13．Itisreported________ZhongNanshanwasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublicbecauseofhiscontributionstofightingagainstCOVID19.14．Itmakesmefeelgood__________youcareaboutme.15．Itmatterslittle_________doesitsolongasitisdone.16．________theywillsolvetheseriousproblemhasnotbeendecided.17．________hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.18．Itisestimated________totalinvestmentinthecountrywillcontinuetoincreasethisyear.19．Weallthoughtitwasapity_____hemissedsuchagoodchance.20．Itisnowonder________someyoungpeople,underthegrowingpressures,wouldtrytoliveinasimpleway.21．________interestedhermostwasthenewsreportedontheTV.22．Itisapity______hemissedsuchagoodchancetogoabroadtostudy.23．________getshomefirststartscookingsupper.24．____Ihaveachievedinthetoughtaskiscreditedtotheguidanceofmyteachers.25．Itishoped________youcanlearnalessonfromthisaccident.26．________LaraandotherITengineersmetontheirfirstassignmentabroadwasacultureshock.27．________beautyesfromwithiniswidelyacceptedintoday’ssociety.Therefore,weshouldattachgreatimportancetoinnerbeauty.28．________wantstobeavolunteerinthesportsmeetingshouldgetpreparedbeforethisFriday.29．________somestudentsdidn’trealizewasthattheirtimewasslippingawayinsensibly.30．________wewillspendoursummerholidayisstilluncertainnow,butIpersonallyhopetogotoaseasidecity.31．________weneedmoredrinkandfooddependsonhowmanyguestswilletothepartythisevening.32．Itisamazingtous________ancientcraftsmenwereabletocarvesuchagiantBuddha.33．__________manytouriststreasuremostaboutChinatownisitsfood.34．Itisverylikely__________theknowledgewelearnwillbeappliedtopracticesomeday.35．_______we’reseeingnowisthatdisappearanceofthenoisedoesn’tnecessarilyimmediatelyresultinarecoveryofecologicalfunction.36．Peterdidn’tsayanything,but______hesaidmadehimthinkcarefully.37．______struckmemostwasthatthehybridriceenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.38．______theprojectistobecarriedoutstillneedsdiscussing.39．______theneworganicfarmingiseffectiveremainstobeseen.40．_______thelaboratoryistobesetuphasnotbeendetermined.41．_______manyplacesstillaresufferingfoodshortagesremainsabigconcern.42．________thesurvivorsattemptedtodowastobuildamemorialtotheheroeswhosavedtheirlives.43．Whiletwothousandpatientshavetakenit,it’suncertain________impactthemedicinewillhaveonthedisease.44．________JackgetshomeafterschooliscalculatedsothatMumcanensurehimwarmmeals.45．Itsurprisedus________ourforeignteachercanreciteTangpoems.46．________hewillofferusenoughhelpdoesn’tmatteralottooursuccess.47．________surprisedusverymuchwasthatTomshouldhaveleftwithoutaword.48．_____couldtakegoodcareofourkidsworriedusalot.49．_____shelikesthepresentisnotcleartome.50．Itisamazing________theancientpeoplecouldhavebuiltsuchgreatarchitecture.51．________leavestheroomlastshouldremembertoswitchoffthelights.52．Itiscalculated________Europeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.53．_________concernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.54．_______eswillbeweledtotheopenairconcert.55．_______wearesureaboutistheneedtopreventchildrenfrombeingspoiled.56．Itisbynomeansclear________thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.57．_______madetheschoolproudwasthatmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.58．It