EnglishLiterature—VictorianPeriod

成員：劉薇羅若晨伍昕宇蔡喬伊EnglishLiterature—Victorian1TheVictorianPeriod（1836-1901）IntroductionoftheVictorianPeriodCriticalRealism（批判現(xiàn)實主義）Neo-Romanticism（新浪漫主義）Aestheticism（唯美主義）TheVictorianPeriod（1836-19012IntroductionoftheVictorianPeriodTheearlyVictorianPeriod(1832--1854),thetimeoftroublesTheReformBill&ChartismMid

VictorianPeriod(1855—1879),atimeofeconomicprospering,highestpointofdevelopmentasaworldpowerLastPeriod(1880—1902),atimecharacterizedbydecayofVictorianvalues(e.g.Self-control,familyloyalty,thrift,hardwork,etc)ChartistMovement(1836-1848)IntroductionoftheVictorian3

CriticalRealisminthe1840sandtheearly1850sgivingthecriticismtobourgeoisieandallrulingclasses,andshowingtheirdeepsympathyforthecommonpeopledidnotfindawaytoeradicatesocialevils.unabletofindagoodsolutiontothesocialcontradictionsthechieftendencyintheirworksisnotofrevolutionbutratherofreformism.CriticalRealisminthe1840s4PoetsandPoetry1.excelledatpenningshortlyrics:"InthevalleyofCauteretz","Break,break,break","TheChargeoftheLightBrigade","Tears,idletears"and"CrossingtheBar".

2.Muchofhisversewasbasedonclassicalmythologicalthemes3.Tennysonalsowrotesomenotableblankverse:"Idylls

oftheKing","Ulysses",and"Tithonus".4.Duringhiscareer,Tennysonattempteddrama,buthisplaysenjoyedlittlesuccessinhislifetime.AlfredTennyson(1809–1892)PoetsandPoetry1.excelledat5

Ulysses（尤利西斯）Hereliestheport;thevesselpuffshersail海港就在那邊，船兒已經(jīng)揚(yáng)帆，Theregloomthedarkbroadseas.Mymariners大海沉沉，朦朧一片。我的水手們——Soulsthathavetoil'd,andwrought,andthoughtwithme—與我同辛勞、同工作、同思想的人Thateverwithafrolicwelcometook他們總是高高興興去迎接Thethunderandthesunshine,andopposed雷電和陽光，F(xiàn)reehearts,freeforeheads—youandIareold;并用自由的心與頭顱來抗?fàn)?，——Oldagehathyethishonourandhistoil;你們和我都已老了，但老年Deathclosesall:butsomethingeretheend,仍有老年的榮譽(yù)、老年的辛勞；Someworkofnoblenote,mayyetbedone,死亡終結(jié)一切，但在終點(diǎn)前NotunbecomingmenthatstrovewithGods.我們還能做一番崇高的事業(yè)，使我們配稱為與神斗爭的人Ulysses（尤利西斯）Hereliesthepo6NovelistsandNovelseaknessofcriticalrealism.CharlesDickens(1812-1870)1.HeisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwritersoftheVictorianAge2.Hisworksareintendedtoexposeandcriticizeallthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyandcorruptnessofthe19th-centuryEngland,particularlyLondon.3.

Allhisworksarecharacterizedbyaminglingofhumorandpathos

majorworks

ATaleofTwoCities《雙城記》DavidCopperfield《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》DombeyandSon《董貝父子》GreatExpectations《遠(yuǎn)大前程》OliverTwist《霧都孤兒》HardTimes《艱難時世》TheOldCuriosityShop《老古玩店》PickwickPapers《匹克威克外傳》NovelistsandNovelseaknessof7ATaleofTwoCitiesItwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes,itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness...TaketheFrenchRevolutionasthebackgroundDickensrecognizedthatthearrivalofrevolutionarythoughtisinevitable;butwhentherevolutioncomes,bringsmanyhorriblesituationsandbloodyscenes,heturnedagainsttherevolution.Dickens'sattitudefromtheoriginalrevolutiontolaterdenyrecognitiontoformagreatcontrast,butthereisaconsistentstandard:thatisopposedtoviolenceandkillingofinnocentATaleofTwoCitiesDickensre8GreatExpectationsdepictingPip'seducationanddevelopmentthroughadversityashediscoversthetruenatureofhis'greatexpectations'.loyaltyandconsciencearemoreimportantthansocialadvancement,wealthandclass.greatexpectationnotmeansmoney,luxuriouslifeprovidedbyothers.

Itmaybethefurtherstudy,arespectabledegree,agoodjoborsomethingelse.Butwemustknowthatourfutureandgreatexpectationmustbemasteredbyourown.GreatExpectationsdepictingPi9NovelistsandNovelseaknessofcriticalrealism.ThomasHardy（1840-1928）1.Heisagreatpoetandagreatcriticalandnaturalisticnovelist2.HealsocametoquestionandattackVictorianmorals.3.Hisnovelsrevealaprofoundpessimisticsenseofhumansubjectiontofateandcircumstance4.MostofhisnovelsaresetinWessex,afictionalprimitiveregion.Theseworksareknownas“novelsofcharacterandenvironment.”

majorworks

TessoftheD’urbervilles《德伯家的苔絲》TheReturnoftheNative《還鄉(xiāng)》JudetheObscure《無名的裘德》FarfromtheMaddingCrowd《遠(yuǎn)離塵囂》TheMayorofCasterbridge《卡斯特橋市長》Dynasties《列王》NovelistsandNovelseaknessof10NovelistsandNovelseaknessofcriticalrealism.JosephConrad1.Hisexperienceasasailormadetheseahisfavoritetheme.2.HisworksareconcernedwiththenatureandeffectsofEuropeanimperialism,botheconomicandcolonial.

majorworksHeartsofDarkness《黑暗的心靈》LordJim《吉姆爺》NovelistsandNovelseaknessof11NovelistsandNovelseaknessofcriticalrealism.WilliamMakepeaceThackerayHeisoneofthemostimportantwritersoftheEnglishcriticalrealism.

majorworks

VanityFair《名利場》NovelistsandNovelseaknessof12NovelistsandNovelseaknessofcriticalrealism.TheBronteSisters1.Charlotte1816-1855JaneEyre《簡愛》2.Emily1718-1849WutheringHeights《呼嘯山莊》3.Anne1820-1849AgnesGrey《阿格尼斯·格雷》Dynasties《列王》NovelistsandNovelseaknessof13NovelistsandNovelseaknessofcriticalrealism.JaneAusten1.oneofthegreatrealisticnovelistsinEnglishliteratureinthe19thcentury2.Sheinsistedthatahappymarriageshouldbebasedontruelove.3.Herwritingstyleispeculiarandherthoughtisexceedinglyspecial.1：《理性與感性》（SenseandSensibility)2：《傲慢與偏見》（PrideandPrejudice）3：《曼斯菲爾德莊園》（MansfieldPark）4：《愛瑪》（Emma）5：《諾桑覺寺》（NorthangerAbbey）NovelistsandNovelseaknessof14PrideandPrejudiceInPrideandPrejudice,Austendescribedfourkindsofmarriages.Andeverymarriageisareflectionofsociallifeandculturebackground.Inaddition,onherpoint-view,peopleinhertimescould'ttakenonoticeofcharacterinmarriage.Tobehonest,truelovecandefinitelylayasolidfoundationinpeople'marriage.Butotherfactors,suchas,propertyandsocialstatusshouldbetakenintoconsideration.Itisafactthatquiteafewmodernpeopleholddifferentviewsagainsthers.Theyaremoreandmorerealist.PrideandPrejudiceInPridean15NovelistsandNovelseaknessofcriticalrealism.GeorgeEliot（1819-1880）1.Herprofoundthinkingandcomplexrepresentationoflifewonherthename"philosophicalwriter”.2.Refutesexualdiscrimination3.Revealthehumancondition4.ExploretheinteriorlifeofhumanbeingsandstudiedtheimpactoftheenvironmentontheindividualTheMillontheFloss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》SilasMarner《織工馬南傳》Middlemarch《米德爾馬契》NovelistsandNovelseaknessof16Neo-Romanticismtheendof19thcenturydissatisfiedwiththeuglysocialreality,somewritersledthenovelsbacktowardstoryte