DIABETESDIABETES1Insulin:TheKeytoTurningFoodintoEnergy

Insulin:TheKeytoTurningFo2Ⅰ、DefinitionandTypesⅡ、SignsandsymptomsⅢ、DiagnosisandTreatmentcatalogⅠ、DefinitionandTypescatalog3WhatIsDiabetes※achronicmetabolicdisease※insufficientinsulin※hyperglycemiaDefinitionWhatIsDiabetes※achronic4Type1

diabetesType2

diabetesGestationaldiabetesOthertypesTypesofdiabetesTypesType1diabetesTypesofdiabet5Ⅰ、DefinitionandTypesⅡ、SignsandsymptomsⅢ、DiagnosisandTreatmentcatalogⅠ、DefinitionandTypescatalog6Riskfactorsfordevelopingdiabetes

beingage45oroverbeingoverweightbeingamemberofahigh-riskgrouphavingcloserelativeswithdiabeteshavinggivenbirthtoababythatweighedover4kgbirth,orhavehadgestationaldiabeteshavinghighcholesterolorotherfatsinthebloodhavinghypertensionorheartdisease

Ⅱ、SignsandsymptomsRiskfactorsfordevelopingdi7AbsenceofinsulinHighPlsamaglucoseProteincatabolismLipolysisincreasePolydipsiaPolyuriapolyphgiaketonemiaosmoticdiuresisWeightlossFFAAugmentⅡ、SignsandsymptomspathophysiologyAbsenceHighProteinLipolysisPo8Abouttype1diabetesautoimmunediseasepresenceofantibodiesconnectedwithvirusesandenvironmentaltoxinsabsenceofinsulinlifedependsoninsulin.LADA(LatentAutoimmuneDiabetesinAdults)Ⅱ、SignsandsymptomsAbouttype1diabetesautoimmun9insufficientinsulinInsulinresistance/hyperinsulinemiaXSyndrome

Ⅱ、Signsandsymptomsinsulinresistancehyperlipidimiahypertensionobesity(applefigure)coronaryheartdiseaseAboutType2diabetes

insufficientinsulinⅡ、Signsa10insufficientinsulinInsulinresistance/hyperinsulinemiaXSyndrome

Ⅱ、SignsandsymptomsAboutType2diabetes

WesternlifestyleUseofalcoholSmokingSedentarywaysGainingmorethannormalweightEatingfewerthanthreemealsadayAdiethighinfatinsufficientinsulinⅡ、Signsa11Differencesbetweentype1andtype2feature

Type1Type2InsulinproductionabsentnormalorabnormalAgeatonsetusuallybefore40

ifafter40usuallyslowonsetusuallyafter40,althoughincreasinginyoungerpeoplePhysicalappearanceoftenthinoftenoverweight,especiallyapplefigureSymptomssuddenonset:greaterthirst,urination,hunger,weightloss,

blurredvision,infectionsgradual,subtleonsetofsimilarsymptomsTreatmentinsulin,diet,exercisediet,exercise,

oralagentsand/orinsulin

Differencesbetweentype1and12DiabetescomplicationsAcutedecompensationchroniccomplicationsMacrovasculardiseasenervedamage

microvasculardiseasefootdisease

ketoacidosisHyperosmolarcomainfectionnephropathyretinopathyDiabetesAcutechronicMacrovasc13neuropathyMotorneuropathy

Sensoryneuropathy

Bladderneuropathy

Autonomicneuropathy

DiarrheaorConstipation

Gastroparesis

tachycardiaPosturalhypotension

Impotence

MotorSensoryBladderAutonomicD14Ⅰ、DefinitionandTypesⅡ、SignsandsymptomsⅢ、DiagnosisandTreatmentcatalogⅠ、DefinitionandTypescatalog15TimeofCheckPlasmabloodglucoseRange(mmol/l)diagnoseradom≥11.1accompaniedwithsymptomsdiabetesFasting≥7.0Diabetes≥6.1and＜7.0IFG＜6.0normaloralglucosetolerancetest≥11.1Diabetes≥7.8and＜11.1IGT＜7.8normalDiagnoseofdiabetesTimeofCheckPlasmabloodgluc16

DiabetestreatedEducationMealplanningExerciseMedicationDiabetesEducationMealExercise17OralMedicationsSulfonylureasAlpha-GlucosidaseInhibitorsBiguanides

Thiazolidinediones

OralMedicationsSulfonylureas18SulfonylureasOralMedicationstolbutamideglipizidegliquidonegliclazideglibenclamideGlimepiride

[stimulatingthepancreasproducemoreinsulin]SulfonylureasOralMedicationst19OralMedicationsSulfonylureasBiguanide

[shutingofftheliver'sexcessglucoseproduction,possiblycontributingtominorweightloss]Metformin

OralMedicationsSulfonylureasB20OralMedicationsSulfonylureasAlpha-GlucosidaseInhibitors

[delayingtheabsorptionofcarbohydrateinthesmallintestine]Acarbose

Biguanide

OralMedicationsSulfonylureasA21OralMedic