英語四六級考試翻譯解題技巧及主要語法知識編寫_第1頁
英語四六級考試翻譯解題技巧及主要語法知識編寫_第2頁
英語四六級考試翻譯解題技巧及主要語法知識編寫_第3頁
英語四六級考試翻譯解題技巧及主要語法知識編寫_第4頁
英語四六級考試翻譯解題技巧及主要語法知識編寫_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩99頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進行舉報或認領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

英語四六級考試翻譯題------解題技巧2015/11/06一、題型介紹大學英語四六考試的最后一個階段是翻譯。翻譯部分為漢譯英,共5個句子,一句一題,句長為15—30詞。句中的一部分已用英

文給出,要求考生根據(jù)全句意思將漢語部分譯成英語,約3到8個單詞??荚嚂r間5分鐘。翻譯須符合英語的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和表達習慣,要求用詞準確。該部分主要考核學生運用正確的詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)并按英語習慣表達思想的能力。因此,要求學生在平時學習和四六級復習中熟練掌握四六級大綱規(guī)定的詞匯、詞組和語法知識,熟悉各種句子結(jié)構(gòu),并且能夠活學活用。二、評分原則及標準1.整體內(nèi)容和語言均正確,得1分。2.結(jié)構(gòu)正確,但整體意思不確切、信息不全或用詞不當,得0.5分。3.整體意思正確但語言有錯誤,得0.5分。4.整體意思完全錯誤,即使結(jié)構(gòu)正確也不得分。5.大小寫錯誤及標點符號忽略不計。任何翻譯都要經(jīng)過的三個必不可少的步驟:一是正確理解;二是確切表達;三是校核。找出每道題的考查要點。首先,考生應該找出出題人想考查的要點,逐步從腦海中提取出相應的信息。整體把握。學生在做題時必須把漢譯英的部分放在整句話中進行整體把握,切忌直接把漢譯英部分逐字翻譯成英語。檢查句子。給出答案后,考生應把每道題整體審視一下,

可采取做改錯題的方法審視是否存在語法和用詞錯誤。另外,需要注意的是,在完成這部分題目時,考生也必須注意避免如字跡潦草、書寫不規(guī)范、拼寫錯誤等問題。具體來說,包括以下內(nèi)容。第一步:首先快速瀏覽句子,先看英語不看漢語,從而判斷考查點---劃線處所填句子的形式、時態(tài)。所謂形式包括:1.詞組固定搭配(不定式短語、分詞短語、動名詞、句子等)2.虛擬3.被動所謂時態(tài)是指:根據(jù)前后已經(jīng)給出的英語句子判斷所填英語句子的時態(tài)。第二步:看括號里面的漢語句子,以核心謂語動詞為切入點,找準主謂賓、分清定狀補。

第三步:先翻譯主謂賓、后翻譯定狀補,切塊對應翻譯,重新組合。動詞注意時態(tài),名詞注意單復數(shù)。例.

Having

spent

some

time

in

the

city,he

hadno

trouble (找到去歷史博物館的路).【句意】在城市里待了一些時間后,他能毫不費力地找到去歷史博物館的路【解析】題干中已經(jīng)給出havenotrouble,說明考查的是have

(no)

trouble

(in)

doing

sth.這一詞組的用法,因此可以斷定,考點之一必然是答案需要使用動名詞形式?!罢业饺ァ穆贰睉撚胒ind

the

way

to?!敬鸢浮縡inding

the

way

to

the

historymuseum【考查重點】動名詞形式的使用,類似的用法還有:spend

sometime(in)doingsth.,it

is

nousedoingsth.,be

interested

in

doing

sth.,warn

sb.a(chǎn)gainst

doingsth.等等。核心詞組的搭配(如:find

the

wayto)的使用也要注意。1、精研2006年6月24日至2011年6月共11套新四級翻譯真題,或2006年12月至2011年6月共11套新六級翻譯真題,徹底搞懂每個考點,諸多考點反復重考;2、背熟四、六級考試核心詞組;3、掌握四、六級翻譯核心語法點,如虛擬語氣、倒裝句、定語從句、狀語從句、主語從句等。四六級翻譯題型三大考點1.

固定搭配考點:這是翻譯中的最為核心的考點,也是近幾次命題密度最高的知識點。比如說名詞與動詞搭配,形容詞與名詞搭配,動詞與副詞的修飾關(guān)系,名詞與介詞搭配,更為重要的是常見的固定詞組以及固定表達,這些都可能成為考試的命題重點。例1:By

contrast,

American

mothers

were

more likely

(把 孩子的成功歸因于)

natural

talent.(大綱樣題)。

【考點剖析】這個題目就非常典型。有兩個固定搭配考點:1)be

likely

to

do

sth;2)

owe…to/attribute…to(把…歸功、因于)2.

核心語法考點:這部分語法考點大多數(shù)是以前詞匯語法考題考點的重現(xiàn)和轉(zhuǎn)移,盡管詞匯單選題現(xiàn)在不考了,但是還是不

能忽視這部分題目,因為考點是一致的。

核心語法考點最重要的虛擬語氣,其次是

倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、從句知識、非謂語動詞等。例:Not

only(他向我收費過高),but

he

didn’t

do

a

goodrepair

job

either(大綱樣題)

【考點剖析】本題同樣為典型的語法考點。考查了考生對倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)這個特殊語法現(xiàn)象的掌握情況。句首的Notonly決定了倒裝連接,下文用了過去時態(tài),因此這里需在he之前加did。所以答案應該為did

he

overcharge

me。3.核心動詞以及動詞短語的考查例1:Though

a

skilled

worker,(他被公司解雇了)last

week

because

of

the

economiccrisis.

【考點剖析】本題的重要考點就是考

生對“解雇”這個核心動詞的翻譯??梢?/p>

表示解雇的有dismiss,discharge,fire等。例題:請在5分鐘內(nèi)填空完畢。1、BecausesheknewFrench,she(比我們有利)。2、It’simportantthatthecollegestudents(掌握一些英語和計算機知識)。3、The

regulations

doesn’t(生效)

until

the

firstof

March.4、My

mother

wanted

me

to(從事教育工作)。5、After

arriving

at

your

new

university,thefollowingmayassistyouin(減輕文化沖擊所帶來的緊張感)。1、答案:had

an

advantage

over

the

rest

of

us解析:1)詞組:have

an

advantage

over(比…有利)2)時態(tài):根據(jù)前半句的knew,此處應使用一般過去時2、答案:(should)

master

some

English

andcomputer

knowledge.解析:1)從句:主語從句it

is

important

that…2)虛擬語氣:此處主語從句應使用should+動詞原形,should可以省略3、答案:come/go

into

effect解析:詞組:come/go

into

effect(生效)4、答案:go

in

for

teaching

/engage

ineducation解析:詞組:go

in

for

/engage

in(從事)5、答案:reducing/remitting

/relieving

thestrain

of

cultural

shock解析:1)動名詞:assist

somebody

in

doingsomething2)詞組:cultural

shock(文化沖擊)請試做CET4,2009.12的翻譯87You

would

not

have

failed

if

you

(按照我的指令去做).88.

Despite

the

hardship

he

encountered,

Marknever

(放棄對知識的追求).89.

Scientists

agree

that

it

will

be

a

long

time

(我們找到治愈癌癥的方法).90.

Production

has

to

be

increased

considerably to

(與消費者不斷增長的需 求保持同步).91.

The

more

exercise

youtake,

(你越不大可能得感冒).87.had

followed

my

instructions/orders88.gave

up

pursuing

knowledge89.before

we

find

the

methods

of

curingcancers/

before

we

find

the

cure

for

cancer 90.keep

pace

with

the

increasingdemands

of

consumers或keep

up

with

thegrowing

needs

of

consumers91.the

fewer

chances

you

will catch

acold/the

less

possibility

you

will

catch

a

cold請試做CET4,2010.6的翻譯87、Because

of

noise

outside,

Nancy

had

greatdifficulty

(集中注意力在實驗上)88、The

manager

never

laughed;neither

(她也從來沒有發(fā)過脾氣)。89、We

look

forwardto

(被邀請出席開幕式).90、It

is

suggested

that

the

air

conditioner

(要安裝在窗戶旁邊)91、The

16

–year-old

girl

decided

to

travelabroad

on

her

own

despite

(她父母的強烈反對)參考答案87、focusing

on

the

experiment.88、did

she e

angry

before.89、being

invited

to

attend

the

openingceremony.90、should

be

installed

next

to

the

window.91、her

parents'strong

opposition.請大家總結(jié)最近兩次四級考試的翻譯題目:1.虛擬語氣是重點It

is

suggested

that,2.習慣搭配的詞組:give

up,keep

pacewith,despite,3.ing分詞形式:look

forward

to,4.have

difficulty

(in)

doing

sth5.倒裝,

neither

didshe e

angry

before。6.比較級The

more….the

more/the

less2010年6月六級翻譯題?

82.

(他們的獨生兒子從未想過)to

leave

them

and

strike

out

on

his

own

though

he

isin

his

late

twenties.83.Before

you

take

any

action,please

rememberto

(權(quán)衡你的決定會產(chǎn)生的后果).

84.He

assured

his

friend

that

under

nocircumstances

(他會違背還錢的承諾).85.

Most

educators

advise

that

kids

(不要沉溺于電腦游戲).86.

Business

major

as

he

is,

he

has

(從未考慮過從事推銷員的工作).???參考答案82.

Their

only

son

has

never

thought

83.weigh

your

decision

against

its

possibleconsequences.weigh…against將…與…進行權(quán)衡

84.

would

he

break/breach

his mitment

to

payback

the

money.should

not

be

addicted

to

computer

games.

/should

not

indulge

themselves

in

computer

games

/should

not

abandon

themselves

to

computer

games.never

considered

working

as

a

salesman.2010年12月六級翻譯題82.Thereisnodenyingthatyou

(越仔細越好)in

dealing

with

this

matter.【考點解釋】本題考查“越仔細越好”“再…也不為過”的固定搭配,即can

never

be

too/can

not

be

too+adj.83.

Only

when

I

reached

my

thirties

(我才意識到讀書是不能被忽視的)【考點解釋】本題考查由only

when

引起的局部倒裝。當

onlywhen置于句首,主句用局部倒裝,即將助動詞置于主語前面。only

when引導句子時態(tài)為過去時(reached),為保持時態(tài)一致,主句助動詞用did;注意被動語態(tài)的使用,

reading與neglect為被動關(guān)系。.84.Much

(使研究人員感到驚訝),the e

of

the

experiment

was

far

better

than

they

hadexpected.解析:totheresearchers’

surprise【考點解釋】本題考查固定搭配to

one’s

surprise使…驚訝的是…85.

Oh,

my,

I

can’t

find

my

key;

(我一定是把它放在哪兒了)。解析:I

must

have

left/put

it

somewhere.

【考點解釋】本題考查對過去事情的肯定的猜測,即

must

have+過去分詞,leave與put都有放置的意思,但

leave強調(diào)遺忘在…,較之put,leave更貼合題意。

86.I

(寧愿加入你們?nèi)プ隽x工)than

go

to

the

beach

for

a

holiday【考點解釋】考查結(jié)構(gòu)“寧愿…也不愿…”,因題干中已存在“than

go”的結(jié)構(gòu),只能使用“would

rather

do

than

do”。加入…join

sb82.can

not

be

too

careful 83.did

I

realize

that

reading

could

notbe

neglected84.to

the

researchers'

surprise85.I

must

have

left

it

somewhere 86.would

rather

join

you

todovolunteer

work請大家總結(jié)最近兩次六級考試的翻譯題目:固定結(jié)構(gòu)和固定搭配是考察重點:權(quán)衡A

和B,Weigh

A

against

B;違背諾言break

the

promise;還錢pay

back

the

money;沉溺于indulge

oneself

in;“越仔細越好”“再…也不為過”的固定搭配,即cannever

be

too/can

not

be

too+adj;固定搭配to

one’s

surprise

使…驚訝的是…;must

have+過去分詞,對過去事情的肯定的猜測;

固定結(jié)構(gòu)“寧愿…也不愿…”---“would

rather

dothan

do”。倒裝和虛擬語氣是必考之點:under

no

circumstances,only

when---引導的句子后面的主句要用局部倒裝;

advise表建議類的詞后面要接虛擬語氣時態(tài):考現(xiàn)在完成時考的比較多?ExercisesTranslation

exercisesThe

girl

would

have

fallen

into

the

lake

and got

drowned

but

that若不是(她男朋友及時 抓住了她?。﹉er

boyfriend

had

caught

her

in

time.2.Beware

your

hat,

lest

(它被風吹走)it

should

be

blown

away

IfI’d

lived

in

1400,(我寧愿是個騎士也不愿是個和尚)I’d

rather

have

been

a

knight

than

amonk4.【真題】The

victim

(本來會有機會活下來)if

he

had

been

taken

to

hospital

intime.(2006.12)【答案】would

have

had

a

chance

tosurvive/would

have

had

a

chance

of

survival5.Mrs.Smithshutthewindowlest(外面的噪聲會影響她兒子睡覺)the

noise

outside

(should)

interfere

with

herson’s

sleep6.【CET-6:2007.12】

The

witness

was

toldthat

under

no

circumstances

.(他都不應該對法庭說謊)參考答案:should

he

lie

to

the

court.7.【CET-6:2007.1】

(直到截止日他才寄出)

his

application

form.參考答案Not

until

the

deadline

did

he

send

(out)the

more,

the

more結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝。8.【CET-4:2006.6】The

more

you

explain,

(我愈糊涂).參考答案:the

more

confused

/bewildered

I

am9.The

customer

complained

that

nosooner

had

he

started

the

computer(它就不運轉(zhuǎn)了)than

it

stopped

working87

Having

spent

some

time

in

the

city,hehadnotrouble

(找到去歷史博物館的路).88

(為了掙錢供我上學),Mother

often

takes

on

more

work

than

isgood

for

her.媽媽總是承擔超負荷的工作89

The

professor

required

that

(我們交研究報告)。90

The

more

you

explain,

(我愈糊涂).91

Though

a

skilled

worker,

(他被公司解雇了).200687

finding

the

way

to

the

historymuseum88

In

order

to

support

my

universitystudies

(to

finance

my

education)89

we

hand

in/submit

our

researchreport(s)90

the

more

confused

I

am91

he

was

fired

/

dismissed

/discharged

by

the

company1.The

number

ofthe

students

in

this

city

has

(增加了6倍)in

comparison

with

2001.

(有些大一新生打定主意)topursueamaster'sdegree

after

undergraduate

studies.

(不管任務多么艱巨),wemustfulfillitintime. Hehadunderstoodnothing,

(也沒嘗試著去)understand.

(隨著時間的流逝),they

forgot

theirbittersufferings.1.

increased

by

6

timesSome

freshmen

made

up

their

minds No

matter

how

hard

the

task

isHowever

hard

the

task

isNo

matter

how

hard

the

task

may

beHowever

hard

the

task

may

benor

did

he

try

toWith

the

passage

of

time

/

As

time

passed

by/went

by1.

(據(jù)說)the

painter

used

his

aunt

as

the

modelin

that

painting.2.Mostofthepeoplewhodieinearthquakes

(是正在倒塌的建筑物砸死的).3.Most

people

tend

to

believe

that"the

newer,thebetter,"

(盡管并不總是這樣).4.

(沒有人不稱贊他們

)fortheirgreat plishment.5.

(毫無疑問)heisqualifiedforthejob.1.

It

is

said

thatare

killed

by

falling

buildingsthough

that

/

this

/

it

is

not

alwaysthecaseNo

one

didn’t

praise

themThere

is

no

doubt

that1.Thisleaflettellsyou

(怎樣在旅行期間防止生病).Thebookis

(我夠不著);would

you

please

passit

to

me?I'mnotaccustomedtosuchluxury,

(它簡直是浪費錢).Hecametothemeeting

(不顧重病).ThenIfoundmyself

(被許多男孩子包圍著1.

how

to

avoid

getting

ill

while

travelingbeyond

my

reachwhich

is

just

a

waste

of

moneydespite

his

serious

illnessin

spite

of

his

serious

illnesssurrounded

by

many

boys(一)虛擬語氣考生應該注意以下幾種虛擬語氣的形式:1.由“if”引導的虛擬句子與現(xiàn)在的事實相反:(If...+were/did...,...+would/should/could

do...)如果我是你,就會嫁給他。If

I

were

you,

I

would

marry

him.與過去的事實相反:(If...+had

done...,...+would/should/could

have

done...)如果你用功學習,就會通過考試了If

you

had

worked

hard,

you

would

have

passed

the

exam.與將來的事實可能相反:(If...+should

do...,...+would/should/could

do...)Eg.

This

printer

is

of

good

quality.

If

it

-----break

down

withinthe

first

year,

we

would

repair

it

at

our

expense.A:

would

B

should

C

could D

might2.用在表示要求、建議、命令等的名詞從句中從句謂語形式為:“...(should)+dosth.”(在美語中should常省去)。類似用法的動詞有:insist(堅持),suggest(建議),order(命令),propose(建議),demand(要求),command

(命令),advise(建議),desire(要求、請求),request(請求),require(需要、要求),ask(要求),prefer(寧愿),mend(推薦),arrange(安排),advocate(擁護、提倡),maintain(堅決主張)等后面的賓語從句中。3.用在“It

+

be

+

important

(vital,

crucial

,necessary,

essential,compulsory必須的,

imperative必要的,命令的,,

natural,

strange,absurd,

amazing,

annoying,

desirable,

surprising,

advisable,

anxious,,eager,

fitting,

possible,

impossible,

improper,

obligatory,

probable,preferable,

urgent等,以及insisted,

suggested,

ordered,

requested,arranged,

mended等)

+

that

...”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that

引導的主語從句中。用在Itistimethat...結(jié)構(gòu)中,表示“該干某事了”,含建議的意思,用動詞過去式。It

is

time

(that)

wewent

to

bed.

咱們該睡覺了。注意:time前可加about(表示“大約”)或high(表示“強調(diào)”)等。wish后賓語從句中的虛擬語氣從句用一般過去時表示一種與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望:用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反的愿望等。Ifonly的用法和Iwish等基本相同,只是更富有感情色彩。我們真希望有一對翅膀。We

wish

we

had

a

pair

of

wings..我真希望昨天你叫了我I

wish

that

you

had

called

me

yesterday要是我是個天使就好了If

only

I

were

an

angel.asif/as

though方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣從句用一般過去時表示和現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑;用過去完成時表示過去想象中的動作或情況。但是,若在

seem/look/sound/smell等動詞之后,謂語動詞用來表示事實上可能存在的事實時,也可以用陳述語氣。would

rather

后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣would

rather/would

sooner和would

just

as

soon等表示“寧

愿”。其后的that引導的賓語從句用一般過去時表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼囊环N愿望。然而,若談論的是過去的行為或情況,賓語從句則用過去完成形式。lest方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣從句用should+原形或直接用原形,不受主句動詞時態(tài)的任何影響。(二)倒裝1.當“only+狀語”位于句首表示強調(diào)時用倒裝,Only

when

you

have

obtained

sufficient

data

你才能得出正確的結(jié)論.can

you

come

to

a

sound

conclusionOnly

in

this

way

我們才能趕上世界的先進科學技術(shù)水平.can

we

catch

up

with

the

world’s

advanced

levels

inscience

and

technology其他如:only

then,

only

once,

only

in

America\China,

only

afterthe

accident等。真題【CET-6:2007.6】

Only

in

the

small

town

.(他才感到安全和放松)does

he

feel

secure

and

relaxed2.never等具有否定意義的詞或詞組居于句首時用倒裝。這類詞或詞組常用的有:never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,not

until,by

no

means,under

no

circumstances,under

no

condition,in

noway(決不),in

no

case(決不),neither

(nor),no

sooner(than),hardly

(when),barely(僅僅,幾乎不),on

noaccount,in

no

circumstances(決不),not

a

bit,nowhere,not

only,but

also等。丘吉爾不僅是一位政治家,還是一位詩人!我從未聽到過這種胡說NeNvoertinonalllymwy

laifes

Churchill

a

statesman,

but

also

a

poet..have

I

heard

such

nonsense(三)強調(diào)1.It

is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who對于這個結(jié)構(gòu),需要注意以下幾點:被強調(diào)部分主要是主語、賓語、賓補和狀語,不能強調(diào)表語;強調(diào)句也可用來強調(diào)特殊疑問句中的疑問詞。除了is,was外,be還可以采用其他形式。被強調(diào)部分如果是人或物,that可用who/whom/which替代:被強調(diào)部分如果是時間狀語或地點狀語,其引導詞只能是that,而不能用when或where:強調(diào)時間狀語時,若有否定詞not.應提到從句前面。強調(diào)句可用來強調(diào)多種狀語從句,但不能用來強調(diào)讓步狀語從句和比較狀語從句;強調(diào)句可用來強調(diào)because引導的原因狀語從句.但不能用來強調(diào)since和as引導的原因狀語從句。在強調(diào)主語時,被強調(diào)的主語若是人稱代詞,一般用主格.that后的謂語動詞應在人稱、數(shù)上保

持一致;強調(diào)的賓語是them時,them要改用those?!綜ET-6:2007.1】

(直到截止日他才寄出)

his

application

form.參考答案:It

was

not

until

the

deadline

that

hesent

(out)(四)替代為了避免重復,可用不定代詞、指示代詞等替代名詞或名詞結(jié)構(gòu).也可用so或not來替代從句。動詞結(jié)構(gòu)的替代詞一般為do(does/did)。應注意:1.代詞one和that都可以用來指代前文出現(xiàn)的名詞。

one/ones可指人或物,只能代替可數(shù)名詞;one前面有修飾語時,常用a/an+形容詞;ones前面一般都帶有修飾語,one/ones后面常跟修飾語或形容詞從句。

that用來代替前面已出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時,后面通常跟有修飾語;that相當于the

one時只能指物;

those代替可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù),既可指人,也可指物;

those后面一般跟有修飾語:those相當于the

ones。代詞it和one都可以用來指代前文出現(xiàn)的名詞。one指代泛指的東西,可用來指人;it指代特定的東西,可用來指物。do/does/did可代替前面已出現(xiàn)過的動詞或謂語。so/not常出現(xiàn)在某些動詞后面代替整個

that從句。其中so代替肯定句;not代替否定句。在itappears與itseems句型中也可以用so代替that從句。(五)主謂一致由and或both…and連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞一般要用復數(shù)。但當并列主語作為整體或指同一個人、同一事物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。由and連接的兩個以上名詞,如果前面有each/every/

no時,謂語動詞通常采用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。當or/either…or/neither…nor或notonly…butalso…連接一個單數(shù)主語和一個復數(shù)主語時,謂語動詞取決于最接近它的名詞或代詞的數(shù)。在主語后有“aswellas等+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中,主謂一致不受修飾語或“as

wellas等+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞的數(shù)影響。例如:Unemployment

as

well

as

taxes

influences

votes./Taxes,not

to

mention

unemployment,

influence

votes.3.單個非謂語動詞、短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般要用

第三人稱單數(shù)形式。但是,在what引導的主語從句中,若表語與謂語動詞be均為復數(shù)形式.那么主句謂語動詞可用復數(shù)形式。

4.“the+形容詞/過去分詞”作主語,如果表示一類人或動物,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。但如果表示一個單獨的人或表示一個抽象的

概念或某種特征,常用單數(shù)。

5.表示時間、金錢、距離、體積、小數(shù)等的名詞詞組作主語時,其謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。如果主語表示具體的、個別的單位,謂

語動詞用復數(shù)。以s結(jié)尾的表示疾病或游戲的名詞和以ics結(jié)尾表

示“學科領(lǐng)域”的名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。但如果表示“學科

領(lǐng)域”的名詞用來表示具體行為、觀點、數(shù)字,謂語動詞就要

用復數(shù)。以ings形式結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞常用復數(shù)。有兩個部分組成的物體名詞,常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),因此,當這些詞作主語時,謂語動詞應用復數(shù)形式。但當這類名此前有pair

of,且pair是單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞也應該用單數(shù)形式。事件、國

名、機構(gòu)名稱、書及其他作品的名稱用作主語時,盡管有時以

復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。EG:The

population

density

per

square

mile

inthe

US

is

22

people,

While

that

in

canada

is

two.The

manager

never

laughed;neither

did

she

ever

lose

her

temper(她也從來沒有發(fā)過脾氣).

(CET4,2010.6)(六)“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形/完成式/進行式/完成進行式”表示推測1.情態(tài)動詞中除shall/need/dare等外。后接動詞原形,都能表示對現(xiàn)在情況的推測,只是在句型和語氣上有所不同。表示對現(xiàn)在情況的推測時,must語氣最強,might語氣最弱,must一般只用于肯定句;can一般只用于疑問句和否定句。

2.“can/could/may/might/must+動詞完成式”用于對過去發(fā)生動作的主觀判斷,表示推測過去某動作“可能”、“也許”、“一定”已發(fā)生或沒有發(fā)生(否定句);“should/ought

to/needn’t+動詞完成式”表示過去“應該做”而實際并未做的動作。3.“情態(tài)動詞+動詞進行式”表示推測某動作現(xiàn)在是否正在進行;而“情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成進行式”,表示推測過去某動作是否正在進行或一直在進行。EG:may(might)

have+done

sth,

can

(could)

have+donesth表示過去,推測過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情。Philip

may

(might)

have

been

hurt

seriously

in

the

caraccident.Philip

can

(could)

have

been

hurt

seriously

in

the

caraccident.2) must

have

+done

sth,對過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測,語氣較強,具有"肯定","諒必"的意思。Linda

has

gone

to

work,

but

her

bicycle

is

still

here(七)獨立結(jié)構(gòu)及分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)狀語有時可以由一個代詞/名詞和另一成分構(gòu)成的復合結(jié)構(gòu)擔任,前面的名詞/代詞相當于后面那一成分邏輯上的主語,和一個從句差不多,稱為獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。例如,分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)的形式就是由“名詞/代詞+分詞”構(gòu)成,其中的代詞/名詞是后面分詞的邏輯主語。Eg:

He

went

off,

gun

in

hand.The

floor

wet

and

slippery,

we

stayed

outside.(八)there

be句型1.there作引導詞的句子通常表示“存在”,主要由

“there+be+名詞詞組(+修飾語)”等構(gòu)成,為倒裝句。其中be是不及物動詞,因而可用其他不及物動詞替代,如:arrive/come/enter/follow/pass等?!皌here

be+no+動名詞”表示“不可能…”。而“thereisnopoint/sense/need/use+動名詞”表示沒有必要、理由、需要或沒有用等。例如:There

is

no

telling

what

will

happen

to

them./There

is

no

sense

in

electing

her

chairman.(九)不定式和動名詞作主語和表語動詞不定式作主語.側(cè)重于表現(xiàn)具體的,某一次特定的動作,是特指。而動名詞作主語,則側(cè)重于一般性的、習慣的和抽象的動作,是泛指。注意:如果句中有時間狀語,一般選擇不定式形式作主語。在很多情況下.不定式和動名詞都可以用先行詞it作形式主語。當表語為important/necessary/advisable/fitting/hard/difficult/a

waste

of

time等名詞或形容詞時,后面一般用動詞不定式作主語。當表語為no

use/useless/no

good/foolish/agreat

pleasure/dangerous/expensive/crazy/terrible/worthwhile/enjoyable/no

help/a

nuisance/senseless等名詞或形容詞時,后面一般用動名詞作主語。(十)“have+賓語+非謂語動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)“have+賓語+非謂語動詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)較為復雜。have為使役動詞時,非謂語動詞可以是不帶to的動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞,此時它們是賓補。若非謂語動詞為不帶to不定式。賓語則為不定式的邏輯意義上的主語。若非謂語動詞為過去分詞.賓語則為過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者、對象。若非謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在分詞,賓語則為現(xiàn)在分詞邏輯意義上的主語,具有“聽任”、“保持”等特殊含義或表示某種即將來臨的事態(tài)。若have意為“有”時,那么這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語動詞,應為帶to的不定式.是結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語的定語。此外.這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語如為difficulty/trouble/bother/fun/a

hard

time等詞,非謂語動詞應用動名詞形式,屬于“in+動名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),介詞省略了。形容詞busy后也用動名詞形式.介詞in也略去不用。Eg:Because

of

noise

outside,Nancy

had

great

difficulty

(集中注意力在實驗上)

focusing

on

the

experiment(2010.06)英語四級考試短語和搭配總結(jié)·be

about

to

do

剛要,即將

be

friends

with

與...友好

bear

in

mind

記住bring

into

effect

實行;使生效

bring

into

operation

實施;使生效

can

not

help

禁不住,忍不住

carry

into

effect

施行;使生效

cast

light

on/upon

闡明,使了解

catch

fire

著火,燒著catch

one's

breath

喘氣,松口氣;屏息catch

one's

eye

引人注目catch

sight

of

看到,發(fā)現(xiàn)come

into

effect

生效;come

into

operation

施行,實行,生效

come

to

one‘s

senses

醒悟;蘇醒

come

true

實現(xiàn)could

not

help

doing

禁不住,忍不住cut

short

中斷,打斷do

one’s

best

盡力,努力

enjoy

oneself

過得快活

fall

in

love

with

愛上

find

fault

(with)

找岔gain/have

an

advantage

over

勝過,優(yōu)于,比。。。有優(yōu)勢get

hold

of

得到,獲得

get

rid

of

丟棄,擺脫, get

the

best

of

戰(zhàn)勝get

the

better

of

戰(zhàn)勝,占上風give

rise

to

引起,導致

give

way

讓路,讓步

go

ahead

開始,進行

go

wrong

出錯,出故障

had

better

應該had

rather

寧愿had

rather...than

寧愿...而不愿...have

in

mind

想到;記得;打算have

nothing

to

do

with

和...毫無關(guān)系

have(something/much/little)todowith和...(有些/有很大/沒有什么)關(guān)系help

oneself

自用,自取keep

an

eye

on

留意,照看keep

in

mind

記住keep

one‘s

head

保持鎮(zhèn)靜keep

one’s

word

守信用keep

pace

(with)(與...)齊步前進,跟上lead

the

way

引路,帶路

learn

by

heart

記住,背誦

leave

alone

不打擾,不干預

let

alone

更別提,不打擾

let

go

(of)

放,松手lose

heart

失去勇氣,喪失信心

lose

one's

head

慌亂,倉皇失措

lose

one's

temper

發(fā)脾氣,發(fā)努

lose

sight

of

忘記,忽略;看不見make

a

/the

difference

有影響,起作用make

friends

交朋友

make

fun

of

取笑,嘲弄

make

one's

way

去,前往make

sense

講得通,言之有理make

sure

查明;務必make

the

best

of

充分利用make

the

most

of

充分利用make

up

one‘s

mind

下決心,打定主意make

use

of

使用,利用

make

way

讓路,讓出地方

may

as

well

還不如,不妨

never

mind

不要緊;不用擔心

pay

attention

to

注意piece

together

拼合play

a

part

(in)

起作用,參于put

/bring

into

effect

實施;使生效

put

/bring

into

operation

實施;使生效

put/bring

into

practice

實施;實行

see

to

it

that

注意,務必,保證see

that

注意,務必,保證set

fire

to

使燃燒,點燃take...for

把...認為是take

a

chance

冒險,投機take

(a)

delight

in

以...為樂take

advantage

of

利用,趁...之機take

care

當心,注意

take

care

of

照顧,照料

take

charge

管理,接管

take

effect

生效,起作用

take

into

account

考慮take

for

granted

認為...理所當然

take

one‘s

time

不著急,不著慌

take

pains

努力,盡力,下苦功

take

part

(in)參加,參于take

place

發(fā)生,進行,舉行

take

the

place

of

代替,取代

take

turns

依次,輪流throw

light

on

闡明,使了解think

better

of

經(jīng)考慮改變對...的看法try

one’s

best

盡力,努力Weigh…against…權(quán)衡。。。與。。。absent

from

不在,缺席

abundant

in

富于

alien

to

與...相反angry

with

sb

at/about

sth

生氣,憤怒anxious

about/for

憂慮,擔心

appropriate

for/to

適當,合適

applicable

to

適用于apt

at

聰明,善于apt

to

易于ashamed

of

羞愧,害臊

approximate

to

接近

aware

of

意識到available

to

sb

/for

sth

可用,可供bare

of

幾乎沒有,缺乏bound

for

開往...can

never

be

too+adj.“越。。。越好”“再…也不為過”capable

of

能夠careful

of/about/with;

小心,注意

certain

of

/about

確信,肯定

clever

at

善于close

to

接近,親近

comparable

to/with

可比較

conscious

of

察覺到,意識到

consequent

on

隨之而來considerate

towards

體諒,體貼

contemporary

with

與...同時代

content

with

滿足于contrary

to

違反,與。。。相反形容詞短語與...相反counter

to

,

contrary

to熱衷,著迷crazy

about

/keen

oncritical

of挑剔,批評好奇,想知道curious

aboutdistinct

from種類(風格)不同doubtful

of

/about,

suspicious

of懷疑equal

to等于,勝任equivalent

to等于,相當于必不可少essential

to/for忠實于faithful

to為.某人.所熟悉familiar

to

sb熟悉,通曉某事familiar

with

sthfatal

to致命的favorable

to支持,贊成favorable

for有幫助的free

of/from未受...;免費guilty

of有...罪的無罪的Innocentofhungry

for渴望ignorant

of不知道對某事不耐煩impatient

at

sth.對某人不耐煩Impatient

with

sbimpatient

of無法容忍impatient

for急切,渴望indifferent

to無興趣,對。。。冷漠,不關(guān)心inferior

to級別低于,不如級別高于,優(yōu)于superior

tojealous

of嫉妒?liable

for對...有責任liable

to易于opposite

to在對面peculiar

to獨特的,獨有的prior

to在...之前rich

in富于responsible

for負責,是...原因sensitive

to對...敏感sensible

of覺察到厭惡,厭倦sick

of

,

tired

of缺少short

of

,void

of,

lack

ofsufficient

for足夠的subject

to受……支配的;受……影響的vital

to對...關(guān)系重大uncertain

of

/about不確知名詞與介詞的搭配absence

from缺席,不在access

to

...的入口,通路acquaintance

with相識,了解admission

to

/into進入,入(場,學,會)admission

of

sth承認advantage

over優(yōu)于比。。。有利answer

to...的答案apology

to

sb

for

sth道歉appeal

to

sb

for

sth為某事向某人提出呼吁appetite

for對...的欲望arrangement

for對...的安排attack

on對...的進攻,attempt

at嘗試,企圖balance

between...之間的平衡barrier

to...的障礙belief

in對...的信仰,相信check

on檢查,阻止collision

with

sb/sth碰撞,沖突comment

on/about對...的評論complaint

of

/about報怨,控告compromise

between/on折中,妥協(xié)concentration

onsth專心,集中精力concern

about/for/over關(guān)心,擔心confidence

in對...的信任,相信,對……有信心contest

forsth爭奪,競爭contradiction

between矛盾,不一致contrast

to/with

sth對比,對照contribution

to貢獻,捐獻,促成conversion

between

A

and

B轉(zhuǎn)變,轉(zhuǎn)換damage

to

sth損壞decision

on/against做/不做...的決定decrease

in

sth...的減少defence

against防御,保衛(wèi)delegate

to參加...的代表demand

for對...的需求departure

from離開dispute

about爭論,辯論distinction

between區(qū)別effect

on對...的作用emphasis

on對...的強調(diào),注重encounter

with遭遇,遇到enthusiasm

about/for熱情entrance

to...的入口,入場envy

of

sb嫉妒exception

to...的例外In

no

case

can

I

make

an

exception

to

this

regulation.不管怎樣,我絕不能對這規(guī)定做出例外。exposure

to

sth暴露fancy

for

sth喜愛gratitude

to

sb感激hatred

for/of仇恨hazard

to危險independence

from獨立,自主interaction

with

sth相互作用introduction

to引言,介紹,入門memorial

to

sb/sth…的紀念碑,紀念物obstacle

to

sth...的障礙objection

to

sth反對opponent

of

sth...的對手patience

with耐心passion

for對...的強烈愛好,熱愛precaution

against預防,防備pity

for

sb/sth可憐,憐憫preference

for

sth偏愛preference

tosth優(yōu)先preface

to...的前言prejudice

against對...的偏見/歧視,偏重in

favour

of

...支持,贊成protest

against

sth抗議ratio

of

sth

to

sth比率reaction

to對...的反應reason

for原因,理由reference

to提及,參考remedy

for補救,解決reply

to

sb/sth對...的回答reputation

for名聲,名氣request

for

sth要求research

on/into對...的研究,調(diào)查r

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論