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英語四六級考試翻譯題------解題技巧2015/11/06一、題型介紹大學英語四六考試的最后一個階段是翻譯。翻譯部分為漢譯英,共5個句子,一句一題,句長為15—30詞。句中的一部分已用英
文給出,要求考生根據(jù)全句意思將漢語部分譯成英語,約3到8個單詞??荚嚂r間5分鐘。翻譯須符合英語的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和表達習慣,要求用詞準確。該部分主要考核學生運用正確的詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)并按英語習慣表達思想的能力。因此,要求學生在平時學習和四六級復習中熟練掌握四六級大綱規(guī)定的詞匯、詞組和語法知識,熟悉各種句子結(jié)構(gòu),并且能夠活學活用。二、評分原則及標準1.整體內(nèi)容和語言均正確,得1分。2.結(jié)構(gòu)正確,但整體意思不確切、信息不全或用詞不當,得0.5分。3.整體意思正確但語言有錯誤,得0.5分。4.整體意思完全錯誤,即使結(jié)構(gòu)正確也不得分。5.大小寫錯誤及標點符號忽略不計。任何翻譯都要經(jīng)過的三個必不可少的步驟:一是正確理解;二是確切表達;三是校核。找出每道題的考查要點。首先,考生應該找出出題人想考查的要點,逐步從腦海中提取出相應的信息。整體把握。學生在做題時必須把漢譯英的部分放在整句話中進行整體把握,切忌直接把漢譯英部分逐字翻譯成英語。檢查句子。給出答案后,考生應把每道題整體審視一下,
可采取做改錯題的方法審視是否存在語法和用詞錯誤。另外,需要注意的是,在完成這部分題目時,考生也必須注意避免如字跡潦草、書寫不規(guī)范、拼寫錯誤等問題。具體來說,包括以下內(nèi)容。第一步:首先快速瀏覽句子,先看英語不看漢語,從而判斷考查點---劃線處所填句子的形式、時態(tài)。所謂形式包括:1.詞組固定搭配(不定式短語、分詞短語、動名詞、句子等)2.虛擬3.被動所謂時態(tài)是指:根據(jù)前后已經(jīng)給出的英語句子判斷所填英語句子的時態(tài)。第二步:看括號里面的漢語句子,以核心謂語動詞為切入點,找準主謂賓、分清定狀補。
第三步:先翻譯主謂賓、后翻譯定狀補,切塊對應翻譯,重新組合。動詞注意時態(tài),名詞注意單復數(shù)。例.
Having
spent
some
time
in
the
city,he
hadno
trouble (找到去歷史博物館的路).【句意】在城市里待了一些時間后,他能毫不費力地找到去歷史博物館的路【解析】題干中已經(jīng)給出havenotrouble,說明考查的是have
(no)
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.這一詞組的用法,因此可以斷定,考點之一必然是答案需要使用動名詞形式?!罢业饺ァ穆贰睉撚胒ind
the
way
to?!敬鸢浮縡inding
the
way
to
the
historymuseum【考查重點】動名詞形式的使用,類似的用法還有:spend
sometime(in)doingsth.,it
is
nousedoingsth.,be
interested
in
doing
sth.,warn
sb.a(chǎn)gainst
doingsth.等等。核心詞組的搭配(如:find
the
wayto)的使用也要注意。1、精研2006年6月24日至2011年6月共11套新四級翻譯真題,或2006年12月至2011年6月共11套新六級翻譯真題,徹底搞懂每個考點,諸多考點反復重考;2、背熟四、六級考試核心詞組;3、掌握四、六級翻譯核心語法點,如虛擬語氣、倒裝句、定語從句、狀語從句、主語從句等。四六級翻譯題型三大考點1.
固定搭配考點:這是翻譯中的最為核心的考點,也是近幾次命題密度最高的知識點。比如說名詞與動詞搭配,形容詞與名詞搭配,動詞與副詞的修飾關(guān)系,名詞與介詞搭配,更為重要的是常見的固定詞組以及固定表達,這些都可能成為考試的命題重點。例1:By
contrast,
American
mothers
were
more likely
(把 孩子的成功歸因于)
natural
talent.(大綱樣題)。
【考點剖析】這個題目就非常典型。有兩個固定搭配考點:1)be
likely
to
do
sth;2)
owe…to/attribute…to(把…歸功、因于)2.
核心語法考點:這部分語法考點大多數(shù)是以前詞匯語法考題考點的重現(xiàn)和轉(zhuǎn)移,盡管詞匯單選題現(xiàn)在不考了,但是還是不
能忽視這部分題目,因為考點是一致的。
核心語法考點最重要的虛擬語氣,其次是
倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、從句知識、非謂語動詞等。例:Not
only(他向我收費過高),but
he
didn’t
do
a
goodrepair
job
either(大綱樣題)
【考點剖析】本題同樣為典型的語法考點。考查了考生對倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)這個特殊語法現(xiàn)象的掌握情況。句首的Notonly決定了倒裝連接,下文用了過去時態(tài),因此這里需在he之前加did。所以答案應該為did
he
overcharge
me。3.核心動詞以及動詞短語的考查例1:Though
a
skilled
worker,(他被公司解雇了)last
week
because
of
the
economiccrisis.
【考點剖析】本題的重要考點就是考
生對“解雇”這個核心動詞的翻譯??梢?/p>
表示解雇的有dismiss,discharge,fire等。例題:請在5分鐘內(nèi)填空完畢。1、BecausesheknewFrench,she(比我們有利)。2、It’simportantthatthecollegestudents(掌握一些英語和計算機知識)。3、The
regulations
doesn’t(生效)
until
the
firstof
March.4、My
mother
wanted
me
to(從事教育工作)。5、After
arriving
at
your
new
university,thefollowingmayassistyouin(減輕文化沖擊所帶來的緊張感)。1、答案:had
an
advantage
over
the
rest
of
us解析:1)詞組:have
an
advantage
over(比…有利)2)時態(tài):根據(jù)前半句的knew,此處應使用一般過去時2、答案:(should)
master
some
English
andcomputer
knowledge.解析:1)從句:主語從句it
is
important
that…2)虛擬語氣:此處主語從句應使用should+動詞原形,should可以省略3、答案:come/go
into
effect解析:詞組:come/go
into
effect(生效)4、答案:go
in
for
teaching
/engage
ineducation解析:詞組:go
in
for
/engage
in(從事)5、答案:reducing/remitting
/relieving
thestrain
of
cultural
shock解析:1)動名詞:assist
somebody
in
doingsomething2)詞組:cultural
shock(文化沖擊)請試做CET4,2009.12的翻譯87You
would
not
have
failed
if
you
(按照我的指令去做).88.
Despite
the
hardship
he
encountered,
Marknever
(放棄對知識的追求).89.
Scientists
agree
that
it
will
be
a
long
time
(我們找到治愈癌癥的方法).90.
Production
has
to
be
increased
considerably to
(與消費者不斷增長的需 求保持同步).91.
The
more
exercise
youtake,
(你越不大可能得感冒).87.had
followed
my
instructions/orders88.gave
up
pursuing
knowledge89.before
we
find
the
methods
of
curingcancers/
before
we
find
the
cure
for
cancer 90.keep
pace
with
the
increasingdemands
of
consumers或keep
up
with
thegrowing
needs
of
consumers91.the
fewer
chances
you
will catch
acold/the
less
possibility
you
will
catch
a
cold請試做CET4,2010.6的翻譯87、Because
of
noise
outside,
Nancy
had
greatdifficulty
(集中注意力在實驗上)88、The
manager
never
laughed;neither
(她也從來沒有發(fā)過脾氣)。89、We
look
forwardto
(被邀請出席開幕式).90、It
is
suggested
that
the
air
conditioner
(要安裝在窗戶旁邊)91、The
16
–year-old
girl
decided
to
travelabroad
on
her
own
despite
(她父母的強烈反對)參考答案87、focusing
on
the
experiment.88、did
she e
angry
before.89、being
invited
to
attend
the
openingceremony.90、should
be
installed
next
to
the
window.91、her
parents'strong
opposition.請大家總結(jié)最近兩次四級考試的翻譯題目:1.虛擬語氣是重點It
is
suggested
that,2.習慣搭配的詞組:give
up,keep
pacewith,despite,3.ing分詞形式:look
forward
to,4.have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth5.倒裝,
neither
didshe e
angry
before。6.比較級The
more….the
more/the
less2010年6月六級翻譯題?
82.
(他們的獨生兒子從未想過)to
leave
them
and
strike
out
on
his
own
though
he
isin
his
late
twenties.83.Before
you
take
any
action,please
rememberto
(權(quán)衡你的決定會產(chǎn)生的后果).
84.He
assured
his
friend
that
under
nocircumstances
(他會違背還錢的承諾).85.
Most
educators
advise
that
kids
(不要沉溺于電腦游戲).86.
Business
major
as
he
is,
he
has
(從未考慮過從事推銷員的工作).???參考答案82.
Their
only
son
has
never
thought
83.weigh
your
decision
against
its
possibleconsequences.weigh…against將…與…進行權(quán)衡
84.
would
he
break/breach
his mitment
to
payback
the
money.should
not
be
addicted
to
computer
games.
/should
not
indulge
themselves
in
computer
games
/should
not
abandon
themselves
to
computer
games.never
considered
working
as
a
salesman.2010年12月六級翻譯題82.Thereisnodenyingthatyou
(越仔細越好)in
dealing
with
this
matter.【考點解釋】本題考查“越仔細越好”“再…也不為過”的固定搭配,即can
never
be
too/can
not
be
too+adj.83.
Only
when
I
reached
my
thirties
(我才意識到讀書是不能被忽視的)【考點解釋】本題考查由only
when
引起的局部倒裝。當
onlywhen置于句首,主句用局部倒裝,即將助動詞置于主語前面。only
when引導句子時態(tài)為過去時(reached),為保持時態(tài)一致,主句助動詞用did;注意被動語態(tài)的使用,
reading與neglect為被動關(guān)系。.84.Much
(使研究人員感到驚訝),the e
of
the
experiment
was
far
better
than
they
hadexpected.解析:totheresearchers’
surprise【考點解釋】本題考查固定搭配to
one’s
surprise使…驚訝的是…85.
Oh,
my,
I
can’t
find
my
key;
(我一定是把它放在哪兒了)。解析:I
must
have
left/put
it
somewhere.
【考點解釋】本題考查對過去事情的肯定的猜測,即
must
have+過去分詞,leave與put都有放置的意思,但
leave強調(diào)遺忘在…,較之put,leave更貼合題意。
86.I
(寧愿加入你們?nèi)プ隽x工)than
go
to
the
beach
for
a
holiday【考點解釋】考查結(jié)構(gòu)“寧愿…也不愿…”,因題干中已存在“than
go”的結(jié)構(gòu),只能使用“would
rather
do
than
do”。加入…join
sb82.can
not
be
too
careful 83.did
I
realize
that
reading
could
notbe
neglected84.to
the
researchers'
surprise85.I
must
have
left
it
somewhere 86.would
rather
join
you
todovolunteer
work請大家總結(jié)最近兩次六級考試的翻譯題目:固定結(jié)構(gòu)和固定搭配是考察重點:權(quán)衡A
和B,Weigh
A
against
B;違背諾言break
the
promise;還錢pay
back
the
money;沉溺于indulge
oneself
in;“越仔細越好”“再…也不為過”的固定搭配,即cannever
be
too/can
not
be
too+adj;固定搭配to
one’s
surprise
使…驚訝的是…;must
have+過去分詞,對過去事情的肯定的猜測;
固定結(jié)構(gòu)“寧愿…也不愿…”---“would
rather
dothan
do”。倒裝和虛擬語氣是必考之點:under
no
circumstances,only
when---引導的句子后面的主句要用局部倒裝;
advise表建議類的詞后面要接虛擬語氣時態(tài):考現(xiàn)在完成時考的比較多?ExercisesTranslation
exercisesThe
girl
would
have
fallen
into
the
lake
and got
drowned
but
that若不是(她男朋友及時 抓住了她?。﹉er
boyfriend
had
caught
her
in
time.2.Beware
your
hat,
lest
(它被風吹走)it
should
be
blown
away
IfI’d
lived
in
1400,(我寧愿是個騎士也不愿是個和尚)I’d
rather
have
been
a
knight
than
amonk4.【真題】The
victim
(本來會有機會活下來)if
he
had
been
taken
to
hospital
intime.(2006.12)【答案】would
have
had
a
chance
tosurvive/would
have
had
a
chance
of
survival5.Mrs.Smithshutthewindowlest(外面的噪聲會影響她兒子睡覺)the
noise
outside
(should)
interfere
with
herson’s
sleep6.【CET-6:2007.12】
The
witness
was
toldthat
under
no
circumstances
.(他都不應該對法庭說謊)參考答案:should
he
lie
to
the
court.7.【CET-6:2007.1】
(直到截止日他才寄出)
his
application
form.參考答案Not
until
the
deadline
did
he
send
(out)the
more,
the
more結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝。8.【CET-4:2006.6】The
more
you
explain,
(我愈糊涂).參考答案:the
more
confused
/bewildered
I
am9.The
customer
complained
that
nosooner
had
he
started
the
computer(它就不運轉(zhuǎn)了)than
it
stopped
working87
Having
spent
some
time
in
the
city,hehadnotrouble
(找到去歷史博物館的路).88
(為了掙錢供我上學),Mother
often
takes
on
more
work
than
isgood
for
her.媽媽總是承擔超負荷的工作89
The
professor
required
that
(我們交研究報告)。90
The
more
you
explain,
(我愈糊涂).91
Though
a
skilled
worker,
(他被公司解雇了).200687
finding
the
way
to
the
historymuseum88
In
order
to
support
my
universitystudies
(to
finance
my
education)89
we
hand
in/submit
our
researchreport(s)90
the
more
confused
I
am91
he
was
fired
/
dismissed
/discharged
by
the
company1.The
number
ofthe
students
in
this
city
has
(增加了6倍)in
comparison
with
2001.
(有些大一新生打定主意)topursueamaster'sdegree
after
undergraduate
studies.
(不管任務多么艱巨),wemustfulfillitintime. Hehadunderstoodnothing,
(也沒嘗試著去)understand.
(隨著時間的流逝),they
forgot
theirbittersufferings.1.
increased
by
6
timesSome
freshmen
made
up
their
minds No
matter
how
hard
the
task
isHowever
hard
the
task
isNo
matter
how
hard
the
task
may
beHowever
hard
the
task
may
benor
did
he
try
toWith
the
passage
of
time
/
As
time
passed
by/went
by1.
(據(jù)說)the
painter
used
his
aunt
as
the
modelin
that
painting.2.Mostofthepeoplewhodieinearthquakes
(是正在倒塌的建筑物砸死的).3.Most
people
tend
to
believe
that"the
newer,thebetter,"
(盡管并不總是這樣).4.
(沒有人不稱贊他們
)fortheirgreat plishment.5.
(毫無疑問)heisqualifiedforthejob.1.
It
is
said
thatare
killed
by
falling
buildingsthough
that
/
this
/
it
is
not
alwaysthecaseNo
one
didn’t
praise
themThere
is
no
doubt
that1.Thisleaflettellsyou
(怎樣在旅行期間防止生病).Thebookis
(我夠不著);would
you
please
passit
to
me?I'mnotaccustomedtosuchluxury,
(它簡直是浪費錢).Hecametothemeeting
(不顧重病).ThenIfoundmyself
(被許多男孩子包圍著1.
how
to
avoid
getting
ill
while
travelingbeyond
my
reachwhich
is
just
a
waste
of
moneydespite
his
serious
illnessin
spite
of
his
serious
illnesssurrounded
by
many
boys(一)虛擬語氣考生應該注意以下幾種虛擬語氣的形式:1.由“if”引導的虛擬句子與現(xiàn)在的事實相反:(If...+were/did...,...+would/should/could
do...)如果我是你,就會嫁給他。If
I
were
you,
I
would
marry
him.與過去的事實相反:(If...+had
done...,...+would/should/could
have
done...)如果你用功學習,就會通過考試了If
you
had
worked
hard,
you
would
have
passed
the
exam.與將來的事實可能相反:(If...+should
do...,...+would/should/could
do...)Eg.
This
printer
is
of
good
quality.
If
it
-----break
down
withinthe
first
year,
we
would
repair
it
at
our
expense.A:
would
B
should
C
could D
might2.用在表示要求、建議、命令等的名詞從句中從句謂語形式為:“...(should)+dosth.”(在美語中should常省去)。類似用法的動詞有:insist(堅持),suggest(建議),order(命令),propose(建議),demand(要求),command
(命令),advise(建議),desire(要求、請求),request(請求),require(需要、要求),ask(要求),prefer(寧愿),mend(推薦),arrange(安排),advocate(擁護、提倡),maintain(堅決主張)等后面的賓語從句中。3.用在“It
+
be
+
important
(vital,
crucial
,necessary,
essential,compulsory必須的,
imperative必要的,命令的,,
natural,
strange,absurd,
amazing,
annoying,
desirable,
surprising,
advisable,
anxious,,eager,
fitting,
possible,
impossible,
improper,
obligatory,
probable,preferable,
urgent等,以及insisted,
suggested,
ordered,
requested,arranged,
mended等)
+
that
...”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that
引導的主語從句中。用在Itistimethat...結(jié)構(gòu)中,表示“該干某事了”,含建議的意思,用動詞過去式。It
is
time
(that)
wewent
to
bed.
咱們該睡覺了。注意:time前可加about(表示“大約”)或high(表示“強調(diào)”)等。wish后賓語從句中的虛擬語氣從句用一般過去時表示一種與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望:用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反的愿望等。Ifonly的用法和Iwish等基本相同,只是更富有感情色彩。我們真希望有一對翅膀。We
wish
we
had
a
pair
of
wings..我真希望昨天你叫了我I
wish
that
you
had
called
me
yesterday要是我是個天使就好了If
only
I
were
an
angel.asif/as
though方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣從句用一般過去時表示和現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑;用過去完成時表示過去想象中的動作或情況。但是,若在
seem/look/sound/smell等動詞之后,謂語動詞用來表示事實上可能存在的事實時,也可以用陳述語氣。would
rather
后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣would
rather/would
sooner和would
just
as
soon等表示“寧
愿”。其后的that引導的賓語從句用一般過去時表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼囊环N愿望。然而,若談論的是過去的行為或情況,賓語從句則用過去完成形式。lest方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣從句用should+原形或直接用原形,不受主句動詞時態(tài)的任何影響。(二)倒裝1.當“only+狀語”位于句首表示強調(diào)時用倒裝,Only
when
you
have
obtained
sufficient
data
你才能得出正確的結(jié)論.can
you
come
to
a
sound
conclusionOnly
in
this
way
我們才能趕上世界的先進科學技術(shù)水平.can
we
catch
up
with
the
world’s
advanced
levels
inscience
and
technology其他如:only
then,
only
once,
only
in
America\China,
only
afterthe
accident等。真題【CET-6:2007.6】
Only
in
the
small
town
.(他才感到安全和放松)does
he
feel
secure
and
relaxed2.never等具有否定意義的詞或詞組居于句首時用倒裝。這類詞或詞組常用的有:never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,not
until,by
no
means,under
no
circumstances,under
no
condition,in
noway(決不),in
no
case(決不),neither
(nor),no
sooner(than),hardly
(when),barely(僅僅,幾乎不),on
noaccount,in
no
circumstances(決不),not
a
bit,nowhere,not
only,but
also等。丘吉爾不僅是一位政治家,還是一位詩人!我從未聽到過這種胡說NeNvoertinonalllymwy
laifes
Churchill
a
statesman,
but
also
a
poet..have
I
heard
such
nonsense(三)強調(diào)1.It
is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who對于這個結(jié)構(gòu),需要注意以下幾點:被強調(diào)部分主要是主語、賓語、賓補和狀語,不能強調(diào)表語;強調(diào)句也可用來強調(diào)特殊疑問句中的疑問詞。除了is,was外,be還可以采用其他形式。被強調(diào)部分如果是人或物,that可用who/whom/which替代:被強調(diào)部分如果是時間狀語或地點狀語,其引導詞只能是that,而不能用when或where:強調(diào)時間狀語時,若有否定詞not.應提到從句前面。強調(diào)句可用來強調(diào)多種狀語從句,但不能用來強調(diào)讓步狀語從句和比較狀語從句;強調(diào)句可用來強調(diào)because引導的原因狀語從句.但不能用來強調(diào)since和as引導的原因狀語從句。在強調(diào)主語時,被強調(diào)的主語若是人稱代詞,一般用主格.that后的謂語動詞應在人稱、數(shù)上保
持一致;強調(diào)的賓語是them時,them要改用those?!綜ET-6:2007.1】
(直到截止日他才寄出)
his
application
form.參考答案:It
was
not
until
the
deadline
that
hesent
(out)(四)替代為了避免重復,可用不定代詞、指示代詞等替代名詞或名詞結(jié)構(gòu).也可用so或not來替代從句。動詞結(jié)構(gòu)的替代詞一般為do(does/did)。應注意:1.代詞one和that都可以用來指代前文出現(xiàn)的名詞。
one/ones可指人或物,只能代替可數(shù)名詞;one前面有修飾語時,常用a/an+形容詞;ones前面一般都帶有修飾語,one/ones后面常跟修飾語或形容詞從句。
that用來代替前面已出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時,后面通常跟有修飾語;that相當于the
one時只能指物;
those代替可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù),既可指人,也可指物;
those后面一般跟有修飾語:those相當于the
ones。代詞it和one都可以用來指代前文出現(xiàn)的名詞。one指代泛指的東西,可用來指人;it指代特定的東西,可用來指物。do/does/did可代替前面已出現(xiàn)過的動詞或謂語。so/not常出現(xiàn)在某些動詞后面代替整個
that從句。其中so代替肯定句;not代替否定句。在itappears與itseems句型中也可以用so代替that從句。(五)主謂一致由and或both…and連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞一般要用復數(shù)。但當并列主語作為整體或指同一個人、同一事物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。由and連接的兩個以上名詞,如果前面有each/every/
no時,謂語動詞通常采用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。當or/either…or/neither…nor或notonly…butalso…連接一個單數(shù)主語和一個復數(shù)主語時,謂語動詞取決于最接近它的名詞或代詞的數(shù)。在主語后有“aswellas等+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中,主謂一致不受修飾語或“as
wellas等+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞的數(shù)影響。例如:Unemployment
as
well
as
taxes
influences
votes./Taxes,not
to
mention
unemployment,
influence
votes.3.單個非謂語動詞、短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般要用
第三人稱單數(shù)形式。但是,在what引導的主語從句中,若表語與謂語動詞be均為復數(shù)形式.那么主句謂語動詞可用復數(shù)形式。
4.“the+形容詞/過去分詞”作主語,如果表示一類人或動物,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。但如果表示一個單獨的人或表示一個抽象的
概念或某種特征,常用單數(shù)。
5.表示時間、金錢、距離、體積、小數(shù)等的名詞詞組作主語時,其謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。如果主語表示具體的、個別的單位,謂
語動詞用復數(shù)。以s結(jié)尾的表示疾病或游戲的名詞和以ics結(jié)尾表
示“學科領(lǐng)域”的名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。但如果表示“學科
領(lǐng)域”的名詞用來表示具體行為、觀點、數(shù)字,謂語動詞就要
用復數(shù)。以ings形式結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞常用復數(shù)。有兩個部分組成的物體名詞,常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),因此,當這些詞作主語時,謂語動詞應用復數(shù)形式。但當這類名此前有pair
of,且pair是單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞也應該用單數(shù)形式。事件、國
名、機構(gòu)名稱、書及其他作品的名稱用作主語時,盡管有時以
復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。EG:The
population
density
per
square
mile
inthe
US
is
22
people,
While
that
in
canada
is
two.The
manager
never
laughed;neither
did
she
ever
lose
her
temper(她也從來沒有發(fā)過脾氣).
(CET4,2010.6)(六)“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形/完成式/進行式/完成進行式”表示推測1.情態(tài)動詞中除shall/need/dare等外。后接動詞原形,都能表示對現(xiàn)在情況的推測,只是在句型和語氣上有所不同。表示對現(xiàn)在情況的推測時,must語氣最強,might語氣最弱,must一般只用于肯定句;can一般只用于疑問句和否定句。
2.“can/could/may/might/must+動詞完成式”用于對過去發(fā)生動作的主觀判斷,表示推測過去某動作“可能”、“也許”、“一定”已發(fā)生或沒有發(fā)生(否定句);“should/ought
to/needn’t+動詞完成式”表示過去“應該做”而實際并未做的動作。3.“情態(tài)動詞+動詞進行式”表示推測某動作現(xiàn)在是否正在進行;而“情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成進行式”,表示推測過去某動作是否正在進行或一直在進行。EG:may(might)
have+done
sth,
can
(could)
have+donesth表示過去,推測過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情。Philip
may
(might)
have
been
hurt
seriously
in
the
caraccident.Philip
can
(could)
have
been
hurt
seriously
in
the
caraccident.2) must
have
+done
sth,對過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測,語氣較強,具有"肯定","諒必"的意思。Linda
has
gone
to
work,
but
her
bicycle
is
still
here(七)獨立結(jié)構(gòu)及分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)狀語有時可以由一個代詞/名詞和另一成分構(gòu)成的復合結(jié)構(gòu)擔任,前面的名詞/代詞相當于后面那一成分邏輯上的主語,和一個從句差不多,稱為獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。例如,分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)的形式就是由“名詞/代詞+分詞”構(gòu)成,其中的代詞/名詞是后面分詞的邏輯主語。Eg:
He
went
off,
gun
in
hand.The
floor
wet
and
slippery,
we
stayed
outside.(八)there
be句型1.there作引導詞的句子通常表示“存在”,主要由
“there+be+名詞詞組(+修飾語)”等構(gòu)成,為倒裝句。其中be是不及物動詞,因而可用其他不及物動詞替代,如:arrive/come/enter/follow/pass等?!皌here
be+no+動名詞”表示“不可能…”。而“thereisnopoint/sense/need/use+動名詞”表示沒有必要、理由、需要或沒有用等。例如:There
is
no
telling
what
will
happen
to
them./There
is
no
sense
in
electing
her
chairman.(九)不定式和動名詞作主語和表語動詞不定式作主語.側(cè)重于表現(xiàn)具體的,某一次特定的動作,是特指。而動名詞作主語,則側(cè)重于一般性的、習慣的和抽象的動作,是泛指。注意:如果句中有時間狀語,一般選擇不定式形式作主語。在很多情況下.不定式和動名詞都可以用先行詞it作形式主語。當表語為important/necessary/advisable/fitting/hard/difficult/a
waste
of
time等名詞或形容詞時,后面一般用動詞不定式作主語。當表語為no
use/useless/no
good/foolish/agreat
pleasure/dangerous/expensive/crazy/terrible/worthwhile/enjoyable/no
help/a
nuisance/senseless等名詞或形容詞時,后面一般用動名詞作主語。(十)“have+賓語+非謂語動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)“have+賓語+非謂語動詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)較為復雜。have為使役動詞時,非謂語動詞可以是不帶to的動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞,此時它們是賓補。若非謂語動詞為不帶to不定式。賓語則為不定式的邏輯意義上的主語。若非謂語動詞為過去分詞.賓語則為過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者、對象。若非謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在分詞,賓語則為現(xiàn)在分詞邏輯意義上的主語,具有“聽任”、“保持”等特殊含義或表示某種即將來臨的事態(tài)。若have意為“有”時,那么這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語動詞,應為帶to的不定式.是結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語的定語。此外.這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語如為difficulty/trouble/bother/fun/a
hard
time等詞,非謂語動詞應用動名詞形式,屬于“in+動名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),介詞省略了。形容詞busy后也用動名詞形式.介詞in也略去不用。Eg:Because
of
noise
outside,Nancy
had
great
difficulty
(集中注意力在實驗上)
focusing
on
the
experiment(2010.06)英語四級考試短語和搭配總結(jié)·be
about
to
do
剛要,即將
be
friends
with
與...友好
bear
in
mind
記住bring
into
effect
實行;使生效
bring
into
operation
實施;使生效
can
not
help
禁不住,忍不住
carry
into
effect
施行;使生效
cast
light
on/upon
闡明,使了解
catch
fire
著火,燒著catch
one's
breath
喘氣,松口氣;屏息catch
one's
eye
引人注目catch
sight
of
看到,發(fā)現(xiàn)come
into
effect
生效;come
into
operation
施行,實行,生效
come
to
one‘s
senses
醒悟;蘇醒
come
true
實現(xiàn)could
not
help
doing
禁不住,忍不住cut
short
中斷,打斷do
one’s
best
盡力,努力
enjoy
oneself
過得快活
fall
in
love
with
愛上
find
fault
(with)
找岔gain/have
an
advantage
over
勝過,優(yōu)于,比。。。有優(yōu)勢get
hold
of
得到,獲得
get
rid
of
丟棄,擺脫, get
the
best
of
戰(zhàn)勝get
the
better
of
戰(zhàn)勝,占上風give
rise
to
引起,導致
give
way
讓路,讓步
go
ahead
開始,進行
go
wrong
出錯,出故障
had
better
應該had
rather
寧愿had
rather...than
寧愿...而不愿...have
in
mind
想到;記得;打算have
nothing
to
do
with
和...毫無關(guān)系
have(something/much/little)todowith和...(有些/有很大/沒有什么)關(guān)系help
oneself
自用,自取keep
an
eye
on
留意,照看keep
in
mind
記住keep
one‘s
head
保持鎮(zhèn)靜keep
one’s
word
守信用keep
pace
(with)(與...)齊步前進,跟上lead
the
way
引路,帶路
learn
by
heart
記住,背誦
leave
alone
不打擾,不干預
let
alone
更別提,不打擾
let
go
(of)
放,松手lose
heart
失去勇氣,喪失信心
lose
one's
head
慌亂,倉皇失措
lose
one's
temper
發(fā)脾氣,發(fā)努
lose
sight
of
忘記,忽略;看不見make
a
/the
difference
有影響,起作用make
friends
交朋友
make
fun
of
取笑,嘲弄
make
one's
way
去,前往make
sense
講得通,言之有理make
sure
查明;務必make
the
best
of
充分利用make
the
most
of
充分利用make
up
one‘s
mind
下決心,打定主意make
use
of
使用,利用
make
way
讓路,讓出地方
may
as
well
還不如,不妨
never
mind
不要緊;不用擔心
pay
attention
to
注意piece
together
拼合play
a
part
(in)
起作用,參于put
/bring
into
effect
實施;使生效
put
/bring
into
operation
實施;使生效
put/bring
into
practice
實施;實行
see
to
it
that
注意,務必,保證see
that
注意,務必,保證set
fire
to
使燃燒,點燃take...for
把...認為是take
a
chance
冒險,投機take
(a)
delight
in
以...為樂take
advantage
of
利用,趁...之機take
care
當心,注意
take
care
of
照顧,照料
take
charge
管理,接管
take
effect
生效,起作用
take
into
account
考慮take
for
granted
認為...理所當然
take
one‘s
time
不著急,不著慌
take
pains
努力,盡力,下苦功
take
part
(in)參加,參于take
place
發(fā)生,進行,舉行
take
the
place
of
代替,取代
take
turns
依次,輪流throw
light
on
闡明,使了解think
better
of
經(jīng)考慮改變對...的看法try
one’s
best
盡力,努力Weigh…against…權(quán)衡。。。與。。。absent
from
不在,缺席
abundant
in
富于
alien
to
與...相反angry
with
sb
at/about
sth
生氣,憤怒anxious
about/for
憂慮,擔心
appropriate
for/to
適當,合適
applicable
to
適用于apt
at
聰明,善于apt
to
易于ashamed
of
羞愧,害臊
approximate
to
接近
aware
of
意識到available
to
sb
/for
sth
可用,可供bare
of
幾乎沒有,缺乏bound
for
開往...can
never
be
too+adj.“越。。。越好”“再…也不為過”capable
of
能夠careful
of/about/with;
小心,注意
certain
of
/about
確信,肯定
clever
at
善于close
to
接近,親近
comparable
to/with
可比較
conscious
of
察覺到,意識到
consequent
on
隨之而來considerate
towards
體諒,體貼
contemporary
with
與...同時代
content
with
滿足于contrary
to
違反,與。。。相反形容詞短語與...相反counter
to
,
contrary
to熱衷,著迷crazy
about
/keen
oncritical
of挑剔,批評好奇,想知道curious
aboutdistinct
from種類(風格)不同doubtful
of
/about,
suspicious
of懷疑equal
to等于,勝任equivalent
to等于,相當于必不可少essential
to/for忠實于faithful
to為.某人.所熟悉familiar
to
sb熟悉,通曉某事familiar
with
sthfatal
to致命的favorable
to支持,贊成favorable
for有幫助的free
of/from未受...;免費guilty
of有...罪的無罪的Innocentofhungry
for渴望ignorant
of不知道對某事不耐煩impatient
at
sth.對某人不耐煩Impatient
with
sbimpatient
of無法容忍impatient
for急切,渴望indifferent
to無興趣,對。。。冷漠,不關(guān)心inferior
to級別低于,不如級別高于,優(yōu)于superior
tojealous
of嫉妒?liable
for對...有責任liable
to易于opposite
to在對面peculiar
to獨特的,獨有的prior
to在...之前rich
in富于responsible
for負責,是...原因sensitive
to對...敏感sensible
of覺察到厭惡,厭倦sick
of
,
tired
of缺少short
of
,void
of,
lack
ofsufficient
for足夠的subject
to受……支配的;受……影響的vital
to對...關(guān)系重大uncertain
of
/about不確知名詞與介詞的搭配absence
from缺席,不在access
to
...的入口,通路acquaintance
with相識,了解admission
to
/into進入,入(場,學,會)admission
of
sth承認advantage
over優(yōu)于比。。。有利answer
to...的答案apology
to
sb
for
sth道歉appeal
to
sb
for
sth為某事向某人提出呼吁appetite
for對...的欲望arrangement
for對...的安排attack
on對...的進攻,attempt
at嘗試,企圖balance
between...之間的平衡barrier
to...的障礙belief
in對...的信仰,相信check
on檢查,阻止collision
with
sb/sth碰撞,沖突comment
on/about對...的評論complaint
of
/about報怨,控告compromise
between/on折中,妥協(xié)concentration
onsth專心,集中精力concern
about/for/over關(guān)心,擔心confidence
in對...的信任,相信,對……有信心contest
forsth爭奪,競爭contradiction
between矛盾,不一致contrast
to/with
sth對比,對照contribution
to貢獻,捐獻,促成conversion
between
A
and
B轉(zhuǎn)變,轉(zhuǎn)換damage
to
sth損壞decision
on/against做/不做...的決定decrease
in
sth...的減少defence
against防御,保衛(wèi)delegate
to參加...的代表demand
for對...的需求departure
from離開dispute
about爭論,辯論distinction
between區(qū)別effect
on對...的作用emphasis
on對...的強調(diào),注重encounter
with遭遇,遇到enthusiasm
about/for熱情entrance
to...的入口,入場envy
of
sb嫉妒exception
to...的例外In
no
case
can
I
make
an
exception
to
this
regulation.不管怎樣,我絕不能對這規(guī)定做出例外。exposure
to
sth暴露fancy
for
sth喜愛gratitude
to
sb感激hatred
for/of仇恨hazard
to危險independence
from獨立,自主interaction
with
sth相互作用introduction
to引言,介紹,入門memorial
to
sb/sth…的紀念碑,紀念物obstacle
to
sth...的障礙objection
to
sth反對opponent
of
sth...的對手patience
with耐心passion
for對...的強烈愛好,熱愛precaution
against預防,防備pity
for
sb/sth可憐,憐憫preference
for
sth偏愛preference
tosth優(yōu)先preface
to...的前言prejudice
against對...的偏見/歧視,偏重in
favour
of
...支持,贊成protest
against
sth抗議ratio
of
sth
to
sth比率reaction
to對...的反應reason
for原因,理由reference
to提及,參考remedy
for補救,解決reply
to
sb/sth對...的回答reputation
for名聲,名氣request
for
sth要求research
on/into對...的研究,調(diào)查r
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