快速診斷常見癌癥有新法（雙語）據(jù)英國《每日郵報》網(wǎng)站4月6日報道，有科學(xué)家稱，一種快速、簡單的驗血方法可以迅速診斷患者患有哪種癌癥以及病情到了什么程度。Aquickandsimplebloodtestcouldsoondiagnosewhichcancerapatienthasandhowadvancedthediseaseis,scientistssaid.到目前為止，監(jiān)控血液中腫瘤DNA水平的檢測既耗費(fèi)時間又缺乏敏感度。UntilnowtestsmonitoringlevelsoftumourDNAcirculatinginthebloodhavebeentimeconsumingandlackedsensitivity.斯坦福大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員開發(fā)了一種檢測方法，可以迅速告訴醫(yī)生腫瘤的大小、對治療的反應(yīng)如何以及經(jīng)過了怎樣的發(fā)展演變。ButresearchersatStanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicinehavedevelopedatestwhichcanquicklytelldoctorshowlargethetumouris,howitisrespondingtotreatmentandhowithasevolvedovertime.據(jù)醫(yī)生稱，這種新檢測法適用于大多數(shù)常見癌癥，包括乳腺癌、肺癌和前列腺癌。它甚至還能用于篩查健康人群或有風(fēng)險人群的患病跡象。Accordingtothemedics,thenewtestworksforthemostcommontypesofcancer,includingbreast,lungandprostate.Itcouldevenbeusedtoscreenhealthyorat-riskpatientsforsignsoftheillness.癌細(xì)胞不斷分裂、死亡，在這個過程中釋放DNA進(jìn)入血流，這可以通過驗血查出。Cancercellscontinuouslydivideanddie,astheydosotheyreleaseDNAintothebloodstream,whichcanbescreenedforusingbloodtests.然而，即使是處于癌癥晚期的患者，其血液中的DNA數(shù)量也極少，因此，找到一種能把它檢測出來的方法非常困難。HoweverevenpatientswithveryadvancedcancerwillonlyhaveverysmallamountsofDNAintheirblood,socreatingatestwhichcandetectithasproventricky.放射腫瘤學(xué)助理教授馬克西米利安?迪恩說：我們想開發(fā)一種克服了循環(huán)系統(tǒng)腫瘤DNA領(lǐng)域兩大障礙的方法。首先，這項技術(shù)必須高度靈敏，能查出血液中數(shù)量極少的腫瘤DNA。其次，要想具有臨床實用價值，檢測方法必須能夠適用于絕大多數(shù)患有某種癌癥的患者。”AssistantprofessorofradiationoncologyDrMaximilianDiehnsaid:'WesetouttodevelopamethodthatovercomestwomajorhurdlesinthecirculatingtumourDNAfield.'First,thetechniqueneedstobeverysensitivetodetecttheverysmallamountsoftumourDNApresentintheblood.'Second,tobeclinicallyusefulit'snecessarytohaveatestthatworksofftheshelfforthemajorityofpatientswithagivencancer.'內(nèi)科學(xué)助理教授阿什?阿利扎德補(bǔ)充說：“我們要開發(fā)一種通用的疾病檢測方法。白血病等血癌比固體瘤要容易檢測，通過開發(fā)一種通用的循環(huán)系統(tǒng)腫瘤DNA檢測法，我們實際上是要把固體瘤變成更容易檢測和追蹤的液體瘤?！盇ssistantprofessorofmedicineDrAshAlizadehadded:'We'retryingtodevelopageneralmethodtodetectandmeasurediseaseburden.'Bloodcancerslikeleukemiascanbeeasiertomonitorthansolidtumorsthrougheaseofaccesstotheblood.'BydevelopingageneralmethodformonitoringcirculatingtumourDNA,we'reineffecttryingtotransformsolidtumoursintoliquidtumoursthatcanbedetectedandtrackedmoreeasily.'雖然研究人員著重于非小細(xì)胞肺癌——包括了大多數(shù)肺癌——患者，但這個方法應(yīng)當(dāng)會適用于人體內(nèi)多種固體瘤。Althoughtheresearchersfocusedonpatientswithnon-small-celllungcancer,whichincludesmostlungcancers,theapproachshouldbeapplicabletomanydifferentsolidtumorsthroughoutthebody.最新檢測法還能查明癌癥是否對某種治療方法形成了抗性，使醫(yī)生得以調(diào)整治療方案。迪恩說：“如果我們能監(jiān)控腫瘤的發(fā)展演變，看到抗藥性亞克隆的出現(xiàn)，那我們就可以針對這些細(xì)胞增添或改變療法。我們還可以利用CAPP-Seq辨別早期患者，他們可以受益于外科手術(shù)或放射治療之后的進(jìn)一步治療，比如化療和免疫治療?！盩henewtestisalsoabletoidentifyifcancersaredevelopingresistancetoaparticulartreatment,allowingdoctorstoadaptthetypeofcarebeinggiven.DrDiehnsaid:'Ifwecanmonitortheevolutionofthetumour,andseetheappearanceoftreatment-resistantsubclones,wecouldpotentiallyaddorswitchtherapiestotargetthesecells.'It'salsopossiblewecoulduseCAP