CashisCashisunlikelytogoawaysoon.Coinsandpaper26remainthemostpopularwaystopayforthingsinmostcountries.Butinthelongterm,cashappearstobeina27battlewithelectronicpaymentmethods.Therearefewcomersoftheworldwhereelectroruc28arenotgrowingfasterthancash.Butthemovementawayfromcashishappeninginverydifferentwaysandat29pacesaroundtheworld.Scandinavian（斯堪的納維亞的）countriesarealreadywellalongtheroadtoward30societies.ManybanksinSwedennolongerhavecashonhand,andconsumerscanmakeinstanttransfersdirectlyfromtheirbankaccounts.InKenya,thelocalmobilephonecompanySafaricom,notthebanksorthegovernment,haspushedtheenvelope.Safaricomcreatedasystem,knownasM-Pesa,thatallowscustomerstomakepayments31fromtheirphones.The32ofmovingawayfromcashhavebeentrumpeted（鼓吹）byeconomistslikeKennethRogoff,whowroteTheCurseofCash,abouthowpapermoneyenables33andtaxevasion.Butthecriticsofcashhavebeenmetbytheirowncritics,whoarguethatelectronicpaymentscandisenfranchise（剝奪某人的權(quán)利）poorpeoplewho34easyaccess2023年大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試模擬試卷一practiceshouldbevaluedmoreatcollege［問答題］2.“外賣”描述的是一種飲食方式，又指品即消費(fèi)者可從餐館或小吃攤購買、在其他地方食用的食品。打包是最早出現(xiàn)的外賣形式，雖然古老，卻延續(xù)至今。隨著手機(jī)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及，電話或網(wǎng)上訂購逐漸成為外賣的主要手段，也使外賣行業(yè)得到迅速發(fā)展。相對(duì)于餐廳打包，電話或網(wǎng)上訂購以其無須上門的優(yōu)勢(shì)，很大程度地刺激了外賣行業(yè)的發(fā)展。Mroadtoward30societies.ManybanksinSwedennolongerhavecashonhand,andconsumerscanmakeinstanttransfersdirectlyfromtheirbankaccounts.InKenya,thelocalmobilephonecompanySafaricom,notthebanksorthegovernment,haspushedtheenvelope.Safaricomcreatedasystem,knownasM-Pesa,thatallowscustomerstomakepayments31fromtheirphones.The32movingawayfromcashhavebeentrumpeted（鼓吹）byeconomistslikeKennethRogoff,whowroteTheCurseofCash,abouthowpapermoneyenables33Butthecriticsofcashhavebeenmetbytheirowncritics,whoarguethatelectronicpaymentscandisenfranchise（剝奪某人的權(quán)利）poorpeoplewho34easyaccesstobankaccountsandtheinternetandcanmakeitmucheasierforgovernmentsandcorporationstomonitoraperson，severystep.Intheend,though,thefutureofmoneyislesslikelytobedeterminedbytheseargumentsthantobe35bythesuccessoftechnologistsmakingiteasierforyoutopayforyourlunchormorningcoffeewithoutpullingoutyourwallet.A.adequatelyF.democraticGdirectlyHdisadvantagesIenlighteningJKLshapedMtransactionsMtransactionsNvarying0witnessedScandinavian（斯堪的納維亞的）countriesarealreadywellalongtheroadtoward30societies.ManybanksinSwedennolongerhavecashonhand,andconsumerscanmakeinstanttransfersdirectlyfromtheirbankaccounts.InKenya,thelocalmobilephonecompanySafaricom,notthebanksorthegovernment,haspushedtheenvelope.Safaricomcreatedasystem,knownasM-Pesa,thatallowscustomerstomakepayments31fromtheirphones.The32movingawayfromcashhavebeentrumpeted（鼓吹）byeconomistslikeKennethRogoff,whowroteTheCurseofCash,abouthowpapermoneyenables33Butthecriticsofcashhavebeenmetbytheirowncritics,whoarguethatelectronicpaymentscandisenfranchise（剝奪某人的權(quán)利）poorpeoplewho34easyaccesstobankaccountsandtheinternetandcanmakeitmucheasierforgovernmentsandcorporationstomonitoraperson，severystep.IntheF.democraticGdirectlyHdisadvantagesIenlighteningJKLshapedtheirtheirbankaccounts.InKenya,thelocalmobilephonecompanySafaricom,notthebanksorthegovernment,haspushedtheenvelope.Safaricomcreatedasystem,knownasM-Pesa,thatallowscustomerstomakepayments31fromtheirphones.The32ofmovingawayfromcashhavebeentrumpeted（鼓吹）byeconomistslikeKennethRogoff,whowroteTheCurseofCash,abouthowpapermoneyenables33andtaxevasion.Butthecriticsofcashhavebeenmetbytheirowncritics,whoarguethatelectronicpaymentscandisenfranchise（剝奪某人的權(quán)利）poorpeoplewho34easyaccesstobankaccountsandtheinternetandcanmakeitmucheasierforgovernmentsandcorporationstomonitoraperson，severystep.Intheend,though,thefutureofmoneyislesslikelytobedeterminedbytheseargumentsthantobe35bythesuccessoftechnologistsmakingiteasierforyoutopayforyourlunchormorningcoffeewithoutpullingoutyourwallet.B.benefitsF.democraticGdirectlyHdisadvantagesIenlighteningJKlosingLshapedMtransactionsNeconomiceconomicgrowthsuchasthequantityandproductivityoflaborandcapital.Butanewpapertakesadifferenttack（思路）:fastergrowthisnotduetobiggerbooms,buttolessshrinkinginrecessions.StephenBroadberryofOxfordUniversityandJohnWallisoftheUniversityofMarylandhavetakendatafor18countriesinEuropeandtheNewWorld,somefromasfarbackasthe13thcentury.Totheirsurprise,theyfoundthatgrowthduringyearsofeconomicexpansionhasfallenintherecentera-from3.88%between1820and1870to3.06%since1950—eventhoughaveragegrowthacrossallyearsinthosetwoperiodsincreasedfrom1.4%to2.55%.Instead,shorterandshallowerslumpsledtorisinglong-termgrowth.Outputfellinathirdofyearsbetween1820and1870butinonly12%ofthosesince1950.Therateofdeclineperrecessionyearreversals"decreasedinlengthanddepth?InanotherpaperBroadberryandWallisfindthatconventionalexplanations—suchasdemographicchangeorasectoralshiftfromvolatile（不穩(wěn)定的）agriculturetothemorestableservicessector—donotfullyexplaintheshift.Moreimportantistheriseoftheruleoflaw,enablingdisputestobesettledbyimpartialcourts.Beforethemodernera,eliteswouldfightbetweenthemselvesforthespoilsofgrowthandsendtheeconomybacktosquareonethroughwars,corruptionandthelike.Respectforcourtstoresolvedisputespreventsthisfromhappening.Withpopulist（民粹主義的）politicianschallengingtheauthorityofjudgesonceagainacrosstheworld,thatisfoodforparagraph?A.ToillustratethemeaningofRobertHeinlein'swords.B.Todescribethepovertyofpeoplebefore18thcentury.C.TointroducethetopicoftherisingofglobalincomelevelsperD.Tocomparethelivingstandardofthepastwiththatofthepresent,recessions.StephenBroadberryofOxfordUniversityandJohnWallisoftheUniversityofMarylandhavetakendatafor18countriesinEuropeandtheNewWorld,somefromasfarbackasthe13thcentury.Totheirsurprise,theyfoundthatgrowthduringyearsofeconomicexpansionhasfallenhasfallenintherecentera-from3.88%between1820and1870to3.06%since1950—eventhoughaveragegrowthacrossallyearsinthosetwoperiodsincreasedfrom1.4%to2.55%.Instead,shorterandshallowerslumpsledtorisinglong-termgrowth.Outputfellinathirdofyearsbetween1820and1870butinonly12%ofthosesince1950.Therateofdeclineperrecessionyearreversals77decreasedinlengthanddepth?InanotherpaperBroadberryandWallisfindthatconventionalexplanations—suchasdemographicchangeorasectoralshiftfromvolatile（不穩(wěn)定的）agriculturetothemorestableservicessector一donotfullyexplaintheshift.Moreimportantistheriseoftheruleoflaw,enablingdisputestobesettledbyimpartialcourts.Beforethemodernera,eliteswouldfightbetweenthemselvesforthespoilsofgrowthandsendtheeconomybacktosquareonethroughwars,corruptionandthelike.Respectforcourtstoresolvedisputespreventsthisfromhappening.Withpopulist（民粹主義的）politicianschallengingtheauthorityofjudgesonceagainacrosstheworld,thatisfoodforthought.relatedtoB.theproductivecapitalC.theprosperouseconomyD.lessshrinkingintheeconomicdepressionrecessions.StephenBroadberryofOxfordUniversityandJohnWallisoftheUniversityofMarylandhavetakendatafor18countriesinEuropeandtheNewWorld,somefromasfarbackasthe13thcentury.Totheirsurprise,theyfoundthatgrowthduringyearsofeconomicexpansionhasfallenintherecentera-from3.88%between1820and1870to3.06%since1950—eventhoughaveragegrowthacrossallyearsinthosetwoperiodsincreasedfrom1.4%to2.55%.Instead,shorterandshallowerslumpsledtorisinglong-termgrowth.Outputfellinathirdofyearsbetween1820and1870butinonly12%ofthosesince1950.Therateofdeclineperrecessionyearreversals'"decreasedinlengthanddepth?InanotherpaperBroadberryandWallisfindthatconventionalexplanations一suchasdemographic［［單選題］29.AccordingtoBroadberryandWallis,whatisabetterexplanationforgrowthreversalsdecreasinginlengthanddepth?B.Thestructureofpopulation.C.Theoutputofagricurecessions.StephenBroadberryofOxfordUniversityandJohnWallisoftheUniversityofMarylandhavetakendatafor18countriesinEuropeandtheNewWorld,somefromasfarbackasthe13thcentury.Totheirsurprise,theyfoundthatgrowthduringyearsofeconomicexpansionhasfallenintherecentera-from3.88%between1820and1870to3.06%since1950—eventhoughaveragegrowthacrossallyearsinthosetwoperiodsincreasedfrom1.4%Instead,shorterandshallowerslumpsledtorisinglong-termgrowth.Outputfellinath