現(xiàn)在完成時講解與習題From:ConstanceLeePAGEPAGE4現(xiàn)在完成時講解一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+過去分詞(done)

①肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他例：Theyhavelivedhereforalongtime.

②否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他例：Shehasn'tspokentohim.

③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他例：HaveyouseenMatthew?

④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他）二、用法1）現(xiàn)在完成時的"完成用法"現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過或完成的動作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說,動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.例：Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已把燈關(guān)了。(動作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況--燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。)

Ihavespentallofmymoney.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)

2）現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成用法"指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。這里的動詞要用持續(xù)性動詞。常與for（+\o"時間_中國英語網(wǎng)"時間段）,since（+時間點）連用.

例：Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Maryhasbeenillsincethreedaysago.

注意:1.現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與準確時間連用，(如表示過去的時間狀語）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非與for,since連用.

2.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如already（肯定）,yet（否定，疑問）,just,before,recently,still,lately等:

例：Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.

Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).

Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.

Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?

3.現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如ever,never,twice,severaltimes等:

例：HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing

IhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.

Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.

Georgehasmetthatgentlemanseveraltimes.

4.現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,just,uptopresent(now),sofar等:

例：Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.

Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.

5.現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復發(fā)生的動作.

Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.6.havebeento和havegoneto的區(qū)別：①havebeento強調(diào)“去過”，現(xiàn)已不在那里，如：HehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他到美國去過三次。（過去“到美國”，現(xiàn)在已“不在美國”）②havegoneto主要強調(diào)的是“去了”，現(xiàn)在人不在說話的現(xiàn)場，如：--Where'syourmother?--你媽媽在哪？--Shehasgonetothehospital.--她去醫(yī)院了。③hasbeenin一直在某地三、現(xiàn)在完成時考點例析一、考查其構(gòu)成①"助動詞have(has)+動詞過去分詞"構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時。如：1.Kate'sneverseenChinesefilms，____?

A.hasn'tsheB.hassheC.isn'tsheD.isshe析：陳述句部分含否定詞never,簡略問句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Katehas的縮寫，故選B。2.Hisunclehasalreadypostedthephotostohim.(改為否定句)Hisuncle______postedthephotostohim______.析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑問句中，故填hasn't,yet。3.AnnhasgonetoShanghai.-So______herparents.

A.hasB.hadC.didD.have析："so+助/系/情態(tài)動詞+主語"結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞形式應與前句結(jié)構(gòu)中動詞形式保持一致，又后句的主語為herparents是復數(shù),故選D。二、考查其用法與標志詞(一)當句中有never,ever,just,already,yet,before等時，常用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：1.-Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?-______you______yourhomeworkyet?A.Do;finish

B.Are;finishing

C.Did;finish

D.Have;finished2.-______you______anywherebefore?-Yes,butIcan'trememberwhereI______A.Did;surf;surfed

B.Have;surfed;surfedC.Did;surf;havesurfed

D.Have;surfed;havesurfed析：據(jù)yet和before可知,應用現(xiàn)在完成時，故1題選D，2題選D。(二)當句中有"for+段時間"或"since+點時間"等時，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，若是非延續(xù)性動詞，要改為延續(xù)性動詞或表狀態(tài)的詞(短語)。如：1.HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice______hecametoYunnan.A.after

B.before

C.since

D.for析：主句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時，而從句用的是一般過去時，故選C。2.Tom______theCDplayerfortwoweeks.A.haslent

B.hasborrowed

C.hasbought

D.hashad析：A、B、C均為非延續(xù)性動詞，在肯定句中不與表"段時間"的短語連用，故選D。11.Mary________toseethefilmsbecauseshe__________ittwice.

A.won’tgo,sawB.won’tgo,willseeC.won’tgo,hasseenD.didn’tgo,sees

12.Wouldyoulikesomemorefood?

Thankyou.I_______enough.

A.willhaveB.havehadC.haveD.had

13.______you______England?Yes,it_____abeautifulcountry.

A.Will,goneto,wasB.Have,beento,isC.Had,beento,isD.Have,goneto,is

14._______you_______toBeijing?

No,I______.I______thereearlynextmonth.

A.Have,been,haven’t,amgoingB.Had,been,hadn’t,amgoing

C.Have,gone,haven’t,wasgoingD.Did,go,didn’t,wasgoing

15.Yousister______toLondontostudyEnglish.Isthattrue?

Yes,she___therefortwomonths.

A.hasbeen,hasbeenB.willgo,hasgoneC.gone,willbeD.hasgone,hasbeen

16.Hehasacomputerofhisown.He____ittwodaysago

A.buyB.boughtC.buysD.hasbought

17.—WhereisLiLei?—He___Shanghai.

A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.wenttoD.goesto

18.He_______hishomeworkandisnowlisteningtomusic.

A..finishesB.hasfinishedC.finishD.isfinishing

19.David_______Shanghaiformorethanthreemonths.

A.cametoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeeninD.hascometo

20.IsyourfatheraPartymember?

Yes,he____thepartythreeyearsago.He_____aPartymemberforthreeyears.

A.joined;hasbeenB.hasjoined;hasbeenC.wasjoined;isD.joined;was

21.Whatanicebike!Howlong____you____it?Justfiveweeks.

A.will;buyB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had

22.I______thisbookforaweek.Ihavetoreturnitnow.

A.borrowedB.haveborrowedC.keptD.havekept

23.______yoursister_______inGreenChinaforalongtime?

Yes.Shejoineditfiveyearsago.

A.Has;beenB.Have;beenC.Has;joinedD.Have;joined

24.Howlonghaveyou_______fromtheUSA?Forthreemonths.

A.comebackB.returnedC.gobackD.beenback

25.I_____thisbookforhalfayear.

A.haveboughtB.havehadC.boughtD.had

26.Thestudentsaresorrytohearthatfamoussinger_______forayear.

A.hasleftB.hasgoneC.hasbeenawayD.hasgoneaway

27.______you______yourhomeworkyet?Yes,I_____itjustnow.

A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.Will;do;finish

28.Thesandstormweather______inBeijingseveraltimesthisyear.

A.happenB.happenedC.hashappenedD.havehappened

29.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?____lastmonth.

A.ForB.UntilC.BeforeD.Since

30.He____acoldforthreedays.

A.hascaughtB.hashadC.hasgotD.caught

31.JimGreen____inChinafortwoyears.

A.hascomeB.hasbeenC.hasarrivedD.came

32.Thefilm____forhalfanhour.

A.hasbeenonB.hasbegunC.hasn’tbegunD.began

33.—Wherehaveyou_______thesedays？

—Ihave________toBeijingwithmyfriends．

A.been；goneB.been；beenC.gone；beenD.gone；gone

34．Howlonghaveyou_______thisbook？

A.boughtB．borrowedC．hadD．lent

35.Wehavelivedhere_______fiveyearsago．

A.whenB．sinceC．beforeD．a(chǎn)fter

36．—Ihavewatchedthegame．—When_____you_______it？

A．have；watchedB．do；watchC．did；watchD．will；watch

37．—HowdoyoulikeBeijing,Mr.Black？

—Oh，I_______suchabeautifulcity．

A．don'tvisitB．didn'tvisitC．haven'tvisitedD．hadn'tvisited

38．MissBrown_______totheGreatWalltwice．

A．havebeenB．hasbeenC．havegoneD．hasgone

39.HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice______hecametoYunnan．

A．a(chǎn)fterB．beforeC．sinceD．for

40．Hisgrandpa_______fortwoyears．

A．wasdiedB．hasbeendeadC．wasdeadD．hasdied

41．—Haveyouever_______toHaikou？

—Yes，I_______therewithmyfamilylastAugust．

A．gone；wentB．been；wentC．been；wenttoD．been；wasin

42.Hissister______herhometownforthreeyears.She'llreturnnextyear．

A．leftB．hasleftC．hasbeenawayD．hasbeenawayfrom二、用適當?shù)臅r態(tài)填空：1.She’s_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem________________(be)inHongkongfortendays.3.Bothofthem_____________