Unit3

Theworldofscience

PartⅠ

Startingout&Understandingideas導(dǎo)讀：演唱者約翰·丹佛(JohnDenver)曾獲21次金唱片獎和4次白金唱片獎?！多l(xiāng)村路，帶我回家》是其成名作，曲調(diào)深情、悠揚，長短句搭配錯落有致、自然和諧。歌詞中所呈現(xiàn)的故鄉(xiāng)，那純樸、熟悉的種種意向，與歌者通過重復(fù)部分所表現(xiàn)的游子歸心似箭之情完美地結(jié)合在一起。整首歌唱起來一氣呵成，思鄉(xiāng)之情表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。TakeMeHome，CountryRoadAlmostheavenWestVirginiaBlueRidgeMountainsShenandoahRiverLifeisoldthereOlderthanthetreesYoungerthanthemountainsGrowinglikeabreezeCountryroads，takemehomeTotheplaceI①____________WestVirginiaMountainMommaTakemehome，countryroadsAllmy②____________GatherroundherMiner’sLadybelongmemoriesStrangertobluewaterDarkanddustyPaintedontheskyMistytasteof③____________TeardropsinmyeyesCountryroads，takemehomeTotheplaceIbelong...moonshine鄉(xiāng)村路，帶我回家天堂般的西弗吉尼亞藍(lán)嶺山脈山納多河流那兒生靈悠遠(yuǎn)比樹木古老比大山年輕如微風(fēng)般生生不息鄉(xiāng)村路，帶我回家吧回到我屬于的地方西弗吉尼亞大山媽媽鄉(xiāng)村路，帶我回家我所有的思念都縈繞著她礦工的妻子從未見過大海黑灰與塵土籠罩在空中月色朦朧我的雙眼飽含淚水鄉(xiāng)村路，帶我回家吧回到我屬于的地方……素

養(yǎng)

導(dǎo)

航TheNewAgeofInventionInterviewer：Goodevening，andwelcometoBetween

the

Pages.Thisevening，I’llbetalkingtoDrRichardFairhurst，(1)whosenewbookThe

New

Age

of

Inventionhasjustbeenpublished.Welcome，Richard!Richard：Thankyou.It’sapleasuretobehere.Interviewer：Iguess(2)youhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.Itsuggests(3)thatthepresentdayisanewageforinventions，butmanypeoplemightthink(4)thatthegreatageofinventionisover.Richard：Well，that’saninterestingpoint.Therehavebeengoldenagesofinventionthroughouthistory.ThinkofthefourgreatinventionsinAncientChina：gunpowder，papermaking，printingandthecompass.Thesethingschangedtheworldforever.ThentherewerethegreatWesterninventions：thesteamengine，thetelephoneandtheradio.Andnow，wefindourselvesinthegreatnewageoftechnology.Interviewer：Soaremostofthenewgreatinventionstech-based?Richard：Alot，yes.Forexample，advancesinvirtualrealityandwearabletech，aswellastheflexiblebattery，mean(5)weshouldsoonbeseeingfurtherdevelopments.Inaddition，importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethanksto(6)increasingcomputerpower.Interviewer：Canyougiveussomeexamples?Richard：Sure.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Intermsoftheenvironment，itisnowpossible(7)tocreateanintelligentwalkinghouse.Itiscapableof(8)usingGPStechnology(9)totraveltodifferentplaces，(10)withcomputingtechnologycontrollingits“l(fā)egs”.What’smore，hugeadvancesinsolartechnologymean(11)itcanbeeco-friendly，too.Interviewer：Impressivestuff!I’vealsobeentold(12)thatyou’reaninventoryourself.Isthatcorrect?Richard：Yes，Iam，butI’monlyonememberofabigteam—mostinventorsnowworkaspartofbiginternationalteams.Interviewer：Isee.Sowhatisitthatinspiresustoinventthings?Richard：Mostinventionsstartwith(13)recognisingaproblemthatneedsasolution.Thiswasnodoubtthereasonbehindtheinventionofthewheelinancienttimes，(14)whichmuchlaterdevelopedintothecar.Now，(15)reducedenergysuppliesandenvironmentalpollutionhaveledtomoreadvancesinthetechnologyofnewenergyvehicles.Butwhatremainsimportantis(16)thatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate，andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.Interviewer：Onelastquestion.Thisistheone(17)everyonereallywantstoknow：willanybodyeverinventatimemachine?Richard：Ithinkyou’vebeenwatchingtoomanymovies!NothinglikethishasbeeninventedyetandI’dsaywe’realongwayfromaninventionlikethatatthemoment！But，astheysay，“Neversaynever！”(1)whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞DrRichardFairhurst，并在從句中作定語。(2)本句為賓語從句，作動詞guess的賓語，省略了連接詞that。(3)本句為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作動詞suggests的賓語。(4)本句為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作動詞think的賓語。(5)本句為賓語從句，作動詞mean的賓語，省略了連接詞that。(6)increasing為現(xiàn)在分詞，在句中作定語，修飾computerpower。(7)本句中it作形式主語，不定式tocreate...為真正的主語。(8)usingGPStechnology為動名詞，作介詞of的賓語。(9)totravelto...為不定式作狀語，表示目的。(10)withcomputingtechnology...為“with＋賓語＋賓補”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語為computingtechnology，賓補為controllingits“l(fā)egs”，兩者在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。(11)本句為賓語從句，作動詞mean的賓語，省略了連接詞that。(12)本句為賓語從句，作動詞told的賓語。(13)本句中recognising為動名詞作賓語；that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞problem，在定語從句中作主語。(14)句中which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞thewheel，在句中作主語。(15)reduced為過去分詞作前置定語，修飾energysupplies。(16)that引導(dǎo)表語從句。(17)本句為定語從句，修飾先行詞theone，省略了作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that或which。①inventionn.發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造②throughouthistory縱觀歷史③thinkof想到④ancientadj.古代的⑤papermakingn.造紙術(shù)⑥printingn.印刷術(shù)⑦steamengine蒸汽機⑧tech－basedadj.以技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的⑨advancen.進步

⑩environmentaladj.有關(guān)環(huán)境的?thanksto幸虧?beusedtodo被用來做……?intermsof在……方面?intelligentadj.智慧的?becapableof有……能力?what’smore另外?eco－friendlyadj.環(huán)境友好型的?impressiveadj.印象深刻的?stuffn.物品；東西

StepⅠ

GeneralreadingThepassagemainlytellsusthat____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________.thepresentdayisstillanewageforinventionslikebeforebecauseofanincredibledesiretothinkandcreateStepⅡ

FactualreadingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1.Whatdoesthepassageaimtodo?A.Tointroduceanewbook.B.Tointroduceafamouswriter.C.Toinspirepeopletoinventthings.D.Todiscussinventionwithawriter.2.Whatispeople’sattitudetowardsthenewageforinventions?A.Different. B.Objective.C.Negative. D.Supportive.3.Whichofthefollowingdoesn’tbelongtotheinventionsinAncientChina?A.Gunpowder. B.Printing.C.Theradio. D.Thecompass.4.Whatreallyinspirespeopletoinventthings?Aputerpower.B.Environmentalpollution.C.Lessenergysupplies.D.Thedesiretosolveproblems.5.Whatdoes“Neversaynever”meanaccordingtothepassage?A.Thereisnoroyalroadtolearning.B.Anythingispossible.C.Amanbecomeslearnedbyaskingquestions.D.Experienceisthemotherofwisdom.答案

1.D

2.A

3.C

4.D

5.BStepⅢ

ClozetestFillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.Therehavebeen1.____________(gold)agesofinventionthroughouthistory.Thinkofthefourgreatinventions2.____________AncientChina：gunpowder，papermaking，3.____________(print)andthecompass.Thesethingschangedtheworldforever.ThentherewerethegreatWesterninventions：thesteamengine，thetelephoneandtheradio.Andnowmostofthenewgreat4.______________(invent)aretech-based.Forexample，advancesinvirtualrealityand5.____________(wear)tech，aswellastheflexiblebattery，goldeninprintinginventionswearablemeanweshouldsoonbeseeing6.____________(far)developments.Inaddition，importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineand7.______________(environment)sciencethanks8.____________increasingcomputerpower.Newinventions9.____________3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Interms10.____________theenvironment，itisnowpossibletocreateanintelligentwalkinghouse.furtherenvironmentaltolikeofⅠ.詞匯語境認(rèn)知——寫出語境中加黑單詞的意義1.GunpowderwasusedinChinaasfarbackasthe11thcentury.____________2.Youcangoanywhereandstillthecompasspointsnorthorsouth.____________3.Newtechnologyhasenableddevelopmentofanonline“virtuallibrary”.____________4.Ourplansneedtobeflexibleenoughtomeettheneedsofeveryone.____________5.Wecan’tusethetorchbecausethebatteryhasrundown.____________6.Hetriedtoinspirethemtogreaterefforts.____________7.What’sthematterwithyourhearing?Youcan’tevenrecognisemyvoice.____________8.Whathappenswhenfood，waterandmedicalsuppliesrunout?____________火藥指南針虛擬的靈活的電池激勵認(rèn)出供應(yīng)物Ⅱ.單詞語境記憶——根據(jù)英語提示寫出單詞的適當(dāng)形式1.Igottothedoorand____________(press)thewoodenbuttonwhichopenedthedoor.2.Thepolice____________(shoot)atthecriminalbutheescaped.3.It’sfashionablebut____________(wear)，andit’seasytolookafter.4.Thecourseissuitableforbeginnersand____________(advance)students.5.Faxmachineswereawonderful____________(invent)atthetime.6.Thiscinemaisso____________(impress)thatwecan’thelpcrying.pressedshotwearableadvancedinventionimpressiveⅢ.短語語境填空——根據(jù)漢語提示寫出適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z1.Ifyousaytheword“communication”，mostpeople________________(想起)wordsandsentences.2.Theplaysucceeded________________(幸虧)thefineactingbyallthecast.3.________________(就……方面)meansoftransport，itisveryconvenientforyoutotravelacrossthecity.4.Awitchissomeonewho________________(有……能力)magic.thinkofthankstoIntermsofiscapableof5.Itisoftenagoodideato_________________(由……開始)smaller，easilyachievablegoals.6.Thissuggestionwillcertainly________________(導(dǎo)致)anargument.7.There’snowaywecanaffordtobuyahouse________________(目前).8.Alotofourland________________(被用來做……)growcropsforexport.startwithleadtoatthemomentisusedto1.pressv.按，壓，推，擠；催促

n.按，壓，推，擠；出版社·PresentlyIamgoingtopressthelever，andoffthemachinewillgo.(教材P25)現(xiàn)在我要按一下操縱桿，機器就開動了。·Theyarepressingustomakeaquickdecision.他們正催促我們盡快作出決定。·Iconsideredturningback，butitwasgettinglate，soIpressedon.我想往回走，但天色已晚，只好繼續(xù)前行?！hekickedatthedoorwithherfoot，andthepressurewasenoughtoopenit.她用腳踢門，力氣之大足以把門踹開。?單句語法填空/補全句子①If____________(press)，hewilladmitthatheknewabouttheaffair.②She____________(press)herfaceagainstthewindowbutsawnothingoutside.③EvenifIhadthetalenttoplaytennisIcouldn’tstandthe______________(press).④We’lltalkaboutyoursuggestionlater—nowlet’sjust_____________________.我們稍后再談你的建議，現(xiàn)在先繼續(xù)吧。pressedpressedpressurepresson單詞一族pressuren.按，壓；壓力用法總結(jié)presssbtodosth催促某人做某事presson繼續(xù)前進2.shootv.射出(光，亮等)，放射；射擊；射中；拍攝；射門，投籃·Afaintbluelightshotacrossit，darkeningtopurple，andpresentlyshecouldseetheimageofherson...(教材P25)一道微弱的藍(lán)光射過它，暗到紫色，不久她就看到了她兒子的影子……·HeorderedTelltoshootattheapplewithoneofhisarrows.他命令泰爾用他自己的一支箭射這個蘋果。?寫出下列句中shoot的含義①Suddenly，abeamofyellowlightshotacrosstheroom.____________②Thepolicehadorderstoshootanyonewhoattackedthem.____________③Spielberg’scareerreallytookoffwhenhebegantoshoothisshortfilms.____________④Hemissedagreatopportunitytoshootatgoal.____________?補全句子⑤Hetriedto________________________thebird，butmissed.他開槍打那只鳥，但是沒打中。射出射擊拍攝射門shootat單詞一族shootingn.射擊，槍殺；拍攝用法總結(jié)shootat朝……射擊3.desiren.渴望；欲望；愿望

v.渴望；希望·Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate，andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.(教材P27)但重要的是，我們有一種難以置信的思考和創(chuàng)造的欲望，這才是真正的發(fā)明精神。·Fewerpeopledesiretoliveinthenorthofthecountry.想住在這個國家北方的人就更少了?！desirethatheshouldcallonmeonMondaymorning.我要求他周一早晨給我打電話。?單句語法填空①Ihadastrongdesire____________(help)andcareforpeople.②Weallhaveastrongdesire____________happinessandhealth.③Shewastiredofthehumdrumlifeinthecountrysideanddesired____________(go)out.④Theemployeesdemandthattheirsalaries__________________(raise).tohelpfortogo(should)beraised用法總結(jié)adesirefor...對……的欲望desiretodosth渴望做某事desirethat...要求……名師提醒接賓語從句時，從句用(should＋)do形式的動詞有：一堅持(insist)；二命令(order，command)；三建議(suggest，propose，advise)；四要求(demand，require，request，desire)。Iinsistthatheshouldstaywhereheis.我堅持他留在原來的地方。4.advancen.前進；進步；事先

adj.預(yù)先的，在前的

v.(使)進步；提前·Forexample，advancesinvirtualrealityandwearabletech，aswellastheflexiblebattery...(教材P26)例如，虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)、可穿戴技術(shù)以及柔性電池的進步……·Everythingwasfixedinadvance.一切都是預(yù)先安排好的。·Thesoldiersadvancedontheenemy.戰(zhàn)士們向敵人發(fā)起進攻?！nglandisanadvancedindustrialcountry.英國是一個發(fā)達(dá)的工業(yè)國家。?補全句子①Afterworkingdayandnight，wefinishedthework_________________________.日夜工作后，我們提前完成了工作。②Thedateofthemeeting___________________________fromFridaytoMonday.會議日期已經(jīng)從星期五提前到星期一。③Couldyougetready________________________themeeting?你是否能在會前準(zhǔn)備好？④Theyhave________________________inmedicineinthelasttenyears.在過去十年里，他們在醫(yī)學(xué)方面取得了巨大的進步。inadvancehasbeenadvancedinadvanceofmadegreatadvances單詞一族advancedadj.先進的，高級的用法總結(jié)inadvanceof...在……前面inadvance預(yù)先，提前makegreatadvancesin...在……取得很大進展advanceon/uponsp向某地推進、進逼1.thinkof考慮；想起；想出·ThinkofthefourgreatinventionsinAncientChina：gunpowder，papermaking，printingandthecompass.(教材P26)想想中國古代的四大發(fā)明：火藥、造紙術(shù)、印刷術(shù)和指南針。?選用右欄短語填空①Please____________theplan____________andletmeknowyourdecision.②Wemust________________aplanfordevelopingthebusiness.③Hisheroicbehaviorwas________________________________bypeople.④Today，whenI________________myfriend，Irememberhissmilingface.⑤We____________him____________thecleverestpersoninourclass.thinkoverthinkuphighlythoughtofthinkofthinkofas短語記牢thinkof...as...把……當(dāng)作……thinkhighly/well/muchof對……評價高thinklittle/poorlyof對……評價低thinkabout思考，考慮think...over認(rèn)真思考……thinktwice三思；重新考慮thinkup想出；設(shè)計出2.inaddition除此之外；另外·Inaddition，importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.(教材P27)此外，由于計算機能力的提高，醫(yī)學(xué)和環(huán)境科學(xué)也取得了重要進展。?選用右欄單詞或短語填空①________________adiet，shepursuesvariousexercisesonTV.②________________，theydonotmatchverymuch.③_____________________________providingwarmth，whatwasfireusedfor?④Heansweredallthequestions________________thelastone.⑤Bicyclingisgoodexercise;________________，itdoesnotpollutetheair.InadditiontoInadditionApartfrom/Inadditionto/Besidesexcept/butbesides/inaddition短語記牢inadditionto除……之外，還……(＝aswellas＝besides)except(＝but)除……外(其余都)apartfrom(＝except/besides)除……之外名師提醒inadditionto意為“加在……上”，其中to是介詞，因此用inadditiontodoingsth，而不是inadditiontodosth。3.intermsof就……而言；在……方面·Intermsoftheenvironment，itisnowpossibletocreateanintelligentwalkinghouse.(教材P27)就環(huán)境而言，現(xiàn)在有可能建造一個智能步行屋。?單句語法填空/補全句子①You’dbettergetsomeonewhois____________goodtermswithhimtotryandpersuadehim.②Itwashardtocometoterms____________herdeathafterallthesupportshegavetomeandthefamily.③____________________________(就綠色發(fā)展而言)，theBeijing-Tianjin-HebeiregionsawitsaveragePM2.5densitydownnearly40percent.④Ihavehadgoodresults________________________(就短期而言)，butIhavetoimprove________________________(就長期而言).onwithIntermsofgreendevelopmentintheshortterminthelongterm短語記牢inthelong/shortterm就長期/短期而言beongood/badtermswithsb與某人關(guān)系好/不好cometotermswith...妥協(xié)；達(dá)成協(xié)議onone’sterms依照某人的條件4.nodoubt毫無疑問·Thiswasnodoubtthereasonbehindtheinventionofthewheelinancienttimes，whichmuchlaterdevelopedintothecar.(教材P27)這無疑是古代發(fā)明車輪的原因，車輪后來發(fā)展成為汽車。?選用右欄短語填空①________________whatyoumaysay，hewillnotbelieveyou.②—Doyouthinkyou’llbuythatone?—________________！That’stheugliestpictureI’veeverseen!③Itis________________youcannotsleepwhenyoueatsomuch.④Thereis________________thatthemanistellingalie.NomatterNowaynowondernodoubt短語記牢noway沒門noproblem沒問題nowonder難怪nomatter無論；不要緊5.leadto引起；導(dǎo)致·Now，reducedenergysuppliesandenvironmentalpollutionhaveledtomoreadvancesinthetechnologyofnewenergyvehicles.(教材P27)目前，能源供應(yīng)的減少和環(huán)境污染已導(dǎo)致新能源汽車技術(shù)的進一步發(fā)展。?單句語法填空/補全句子①Itwasreportedthatthediscoveryofnewevidencehadledtothethief_____________(catch).②Thestudents________________________themuseum，mostofwhomhadanotebookintheirhands.學(xué)生們被帶進博物館，大多數(shù)人手里都拿著一個筆記本。③They___________________________onthecampus.他們在校園里過著忙碌而又豐富多彩的生活。④Eatingtoomuchsugarcan______________________.食用過多的糖會引起健康問題。beingcaughtwereledintoleadabusyandcolourfullifeleadtohealthproblems短語記牢(1)leadsbtodosth使某人做某事leadsbto/into...領(lǐng)著某人去/進入……leadahappylife過著幸福的生活(2)inthelead帶頭，處于領(lǐng)先地位takethelead帶頭1.Therehavebeengoldenagesofinventionthroughouthistory.(教材P26)歷史上曾經(jīng)有過發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的黃金時代。【分析】

本句中Therehavebeen為therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)在完成式，該句型表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并還可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去的動作，用于延續(xù)性動詞，且句中常帶有表示一段時間的時間狀語，如：since＋時間點/從句，fortwomonths，sofar等?！就卣埂?/p>

therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的用法：(1)Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)可以有一般現(xiàn)在時(Thereis/are...)、一般過去時(Therewas/were...)、將來時(Therewillbe...或Thereis/aregoingtobe...)和完成時(Therehas/havebeen...或Therehadbeen...)。(2)therebe結(jié)構(gòu)可和各種情態(tài)動詞連用，情態(tài)動詞后加動詞原形。(3)therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞還可以是“seemto(似乎)/happento(碰巧)/usedto(過去常常)/belikelyto(很可能)＋動詞原形”。

·Therearesomebooksonthedesk.桌子上有一些書。·Therewasanaccidentlastnight.昨晚發(fā)生了一個事故。·Therewillbeagoodwheatharvestthisyear.今年小麥將有一個好收成?！herehavebeenmanychangesinthevillagerecently.最近這個村莊發(fā)生了許多變化。

·Therehadbeenafightherebeforehecameback.在他回來之前這兒有過一場搏斗。·Whatapitymynewcomputerdoesn’twork.Theremustbesomethingwrongwithit.很遺憾我的計算機不能用了?？隙ㄊ菈牧恕！hereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.這里戰(zhàn)前曾有一座電影院。單句語法填空/補全句子①Itseemsasifthere____________(be)aheavyrainsoontonight.②Hewantedtoknowwhetherthere____________(be)anymessagesforhim.③There____________greatadvancesinmedicineinthelasttenyears.④There____________abirdonthebranch.樹枝上也許有一只鳥。willbehadbeenhavebeenmaybe⑤There________________________somethingwrongwithit.它好像有點毛病。⑥There________________________acarnearby.碰巧附近有一輛車。⑦There__________________________astorm.可能有一場暴雨。seemstobehappenedtobeislikelytobe2.Sowhatisitthatinspiresustoinventthings？(教材P27)那么，是什么激勵我們?nèi)グl(fā)明東西呢？【分析】

本句是一個強調(diào)句型。此處被強調(diào)部分是what。【拓展】

強調(diào)句型的用法：(1)強調(diào)句型的陳述句形式為“It＋is/was＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他”。一般疑問句形式為Is/Wasit...that/who...？特殊疑問句形式為特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋that/who...？not...until句型的強調(diào)句型為Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。(2)該句型不用來強調(diào)句子的謂語和定語。若被強調(diào)的是人，that可以替換為who?！achdiedin1750，butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturythathismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.巴赫死于1750年，但直到19世紀(jì)初他的音樂才能才得到完全認(rèn)可?！twastheculture，ratherthanthelanguage，thatmadeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.是文化而不是語言使得他很難適應(yīng)國外的新環(huán)境。同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①ImetJohninthestreetyesterday.→ItwasI____________metJohninthestreetyesterday.(強調(diào)主語)→ItwasJohn____________Imetinthestreetyesterday.(強調(diào)賓語)→Itwasinthestreet____________________ImetJohnyesterday.(強調(diào)地點狀語)②ItwasIthat/whometJohninthestreetyesterday.→Whowas____________metJohninthestreetyesterday?(特殊疑問句)③Hedidn’trealizehismistakesuntilyesterday.→Itwas____________yesterday____________herealizedhismistakes.(強調(diào)句型)that/whothat/whothatitthatnotuntilthat3.Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate，andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.(教材P27)

但重要的是，我們有一種難以置信的思考和創(chuàng)造的欲望，這才是真正的發(fā)明精神。

【分析】

本句中的whatremainsimportant是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，

作主語，what在主語從句中作主語。

【拓展】what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法： (1)what除了引導(dǎo)主語從句，還可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 (2)what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句在句中作成分時，what既有一定的含義，又起連接作用，在從句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語?！fewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseewhattherestoftheclasswoulddo.(賓語從句)一些學(xué)生猶豫不決，他們在等待看其他學(xué)生要做什么?！hatyouwilldonextisnoneofmybusiness.(主語從句)你下一步做什么不關(guān)我的事?！heisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.(表語從句)她不再是過去的她了?！havenoideawhathe’sgoingtodowithit.(同位語從句)我想不出來他會用它來做什么。【名師提醒】

that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，不可省略(賓語從句除外)，不作成分，沒有詞義；which引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時意為“哪一個/哪一些”，通常有一個選擇的范圍。單句語法填空①____________hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.②Imakealistof____________weneedtobuyinthesupermarket.③____________ofyouclimbstothetopofthehillfirstwillreceiveaprize.④Donotputofftilltomorrow____________youcandotoday.⑤Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthat’s____________ittakestodoanythingwell.⑥Theproblemliesin____________________youhaven’ttakenanymeasuresyet.WhatwhatWhichwhatwhatthat4.But，astheysay，“Neversaynever！”(教材P27)

但是，正如他們所說，“永遠(yuǎn)不要說永遠(yuǎn)！”

【分析】

本句中astheysay為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。as在從句中作動詞say的賓語?！就卣埂?/p>

as引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法：(1)as既可指人，也可指物，

在定語從句中可以作主語或賓語。(2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，先行詞一般為整個主句，從句可以位于句首、句中和句末；而which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，先行詞既可以是整個主句又可以是主句的一部分，從句只能位于先行詞之后。(3)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時常被譯為“正如”，

多用于固定搭配中：asisoftenthecase(這是常有的事)，aswasexpected(不出所料)，asoftenhappens(正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣)，asisknowntoall(眾所周知)，ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述)，asismentionedabove(正如上面所提到的)等。而which常被譯為“這一點，那”，并且主句和從句常存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系?！sweknow，smokingisharmfultopeople’shealth.眾所周知，

吸煙對人的健康有害?！heisalwaysworkinghard，aseveryonecansee.正如大家所看到的那樣，

她一直工作很努力?！hebook，whichIboughtyesterday，isveryinstructive.這本書是我昨天買的，

很有教育意義。單句語法填空/補全句子①Tomwasalwayslateforschool，____________madehisteacherveryangry.②Thenumberofsmokers，____________isreported，hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.③____________________________，heisquitepleased.從他的面目表情可以看出來，

他非常高興。④______________________，oceanscovermorethan70%oftheEarth.眾所周知，地球表面70%以上由海洋覆蓋。whichasAscanbeseenfromhisfaceAsisknowntoallUnit3

Theworldofscience

PartⅡ

Usinglanguage——現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)【思維導(dǎo)圖】一、基本特征感悟【感悟用法】①OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealot.②Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.③Theimportantproblemhasbeendiscussedfornearlytwoweeks.④Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromtheclothes.⑤Haven’tyourproblemsbeensolved?⑥Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinyourschool?【自我總結(jié)】1.以上例句中都使用了________________________。2.以上例句中第①②③句是該時態(tài)的____________句式；第④句是____________句式；第⑤句是____________句式；第⑥句是____________句式。現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)肯定否定一般疑問特殊疑問二、主要用法精講1.結(jié)構(gòu)肯定式主語＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主語＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑問式Have/Has＋主語＋beendone...？特殊疑問式疑問詞＋have/has＋主語＋beendone...？Alreadythisyear，115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA，comparedwith189foralloflastyear.今年美國已經(jīng)報告了115例麻疹病例，而去年全年共189例。Theconstructionofthebridgehasnotbeenfinished.橋的建設(shè)還沒有完成。Hasthedateforthenextmeetingbeendecided？下次會議的日期已決定了嗎？Howlonghasthebatterynotbeenchanged？電池多久沒有更換了？2.用法(1)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)同它的主動語態(tài)一樣，強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，通常與already，yet，just，never，recently等副詞連用。Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.機器已經(jīng)修好了。(2)表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用，或用于“H