Unit4UNIT4JOURNEYACROSSAVASTLANDToanalysethedifferenceinusesandmeaningsofpastparticiplesand–ingformsTopracticeusingthepastparticiplesandthe–ingformstocreateadverbialclauses1.Thegirlswere________toseesuchanopencountry.Thefarmscoveredaverylargearea,which

was_________.amazedamazingFillineachblankwiththecorrectformofaverbfromthebox.Findthedifferencebetweeneachpairofsentences.Payingattentionto-edand–ingforms.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.seefrightenheadamaze感到……令人……2.Goingintothewildernessalonecanbe___________.Doyoufeel___________whengoingintothewildernessalone?frighteningfrightened3._______fromthetopofthemountain,thescenerywasreallyfascinating.________thesceneryfromthetopofthemountain,Iwasfascinatedbytheautumncolors.SeenSeeing感到……令人……被動(dòng)主動(dòng)Headingheaded被動(dòng)主動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)一、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞-ing形式

的比較1.作表語(yǔ):

過(guò)去分詞表示人或物的心情或狀態(tài)等,也

可以理解為心情或狀態(tài)受到外界影響,有

“感到……”之意;

動(dòng)詞-ing形式則表示人或物的自身特征,

有“令人……”之意。e.g.Wewereamazedtofindthatnoonewashurt.Bytheway,themachineisamazing.Doyoufeelfrightened

whenwalkinghomealoneinthedark?Walkinghomealoneinthedarkcanbefrightening.2.作狀語(yǔ):

過(guò)去分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,往

往表示完成;

動(dòng)詞-ing形式與其輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,

一般表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。e.g.Seen

fromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.Seeing

thepolice,hemadearunfortheexit.Influenced

byhisexample,theyperformedcountlessgooddeeds.

Hesatatthetable,readingamagazine.2.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別:“be+過(guò)去分詞”表示狀態(tài)時(shí),是系表結(jié)構(gòu),此時(shí)的過(guò)去分詞通常已形容詞化;

表示動(dòng)作時(shí),是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),且絕大多數(shù)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者由介詞by引出。e.g.Thebookiswellwritten.這本書寫得很好。(系表結(jié)構(gòu),強(qiáng)調(diào)主

語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài))Thebookwaswritten

byMoYan.這本書是莫言寫的。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)主

語(yǔ)所承受的動(dòng)作)3.英語(yǔ)中有很多與感覺(jué)有關(guān)的使令動(dòng)詞,其現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義,即“令人……的”,多用來(lái)修飾物;其過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義,即“感到……的”,多用來(lái)修飾人、人的聲音或表情等。

adj.

感到……(多指人)excited;interested;worried;surprised;satisfied;encouraged;tired;frightened;annoyed;bored;embarrassed;confused;disappointed;puzzledadj.令人……(多修飾物)exciting;interesting;worrying;surprising;satisfying;encouraging;tiring;frightening;annoying;boring;embarrassing;confusing;disappointing;puzzling二、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背

景或情況,其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。

過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))在句中作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)

間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨等。1.表示時(shí)間

過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

e.g.Asked(=Whenhewasasked)what

hadhappened,heloweredhishead.2.表示原因過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作原因狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原

因狀語(yǔ)從句。

e.g.Scared(=Because/Asshewasscared)

ofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleep

alone.3.表示條件過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作條件狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條

件狀語(yǔ)從句。

e.g.

Given(=Ifweweregiven)moretime,we

coulddoitsubstantiallybetter.4.表示讓步過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作讓步狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓

步狀語(yǔ)從句。

e.g.

Left(Althoughhewasleft)athome,John

didn’tfeelscaredatall.5.表示方式或伴隨過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ),可以轉(zhuǎn)

換成一個(gè)并列句。

e.g.

Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,(andhe

was)followedbyagroupofstudents.【注意】1.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子的主語(yǔ)相一致。e.g.Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.

[誤]Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythe

police.[正]小偷如果被抓,會(huì)受到警方的懲罰。2.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其前面可以帶有相應(yīng)的

連詞,如when,though,although,asif,if,

unless,until,once等,表時(shí)間、讓步、條件

方式等。e.g.

If(Iam)invited,Iwillattendthewedding

ofmyfriend.如果受到邀請(qǐng),我會(huì)參加我朋友的婚禮。1.[2019·北京卷]EarthDay,_______(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.2.[2019·北京卷]_______(arm)withthisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.markedArmedDrivenTouchedCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese,payingattentionto-edand–ingforms.boreexcitetiresatisfy1.Webecame________whenthinkingaboutthosebeautifullocationsin

Finland.Weexpectedtoexperiencea

lotof_________thingsthere.excitedexciting2.Wewenttobedassoonaswearrivedatthehotelbecausewewereso______.Theeight-hourtrainridewasquite________.3.Iwasnot_________withthehotel.ItwasnotascleanasIhadexpected.Butwehada__________mealatthehotel'srestaurant,soIfeltabitbetterlateron.tiredtiringboreexcitetiresatisfysatisfiedsatisfying4.Itwasraininghardthenextday,sowejuststayedinthehotelandwatchedTV.Sadly,theTVprogramesthatdaywerereally_______.Aswehadnothingelsetodo,wefeltpretty________.boringboredboreexcitetiresatisfyRewritethesentences.Addinformationasnecessary.Whenpeopleaskedthemanwhatthetripmeanttohim,hesaiditwas“anexperienceofalifetime”.Whenaskedwhatthetripmeanttohim,themansaiditwas“anexperienceofalifetime.”ComparedwithothercitiesinCanada,QuebecCity