溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請(qǐng)按住Ctrl,滑動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)滾軸，調(diào)節(jié)合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關(guān)閉Word文檔返回原板塊。核心素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)二十必修4Module2TrafficJam(限時(shí)35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AGettingaroundintheUnitedStatesissometimesnotveryeasy.Mostpeopleowntheirowncars,butnoteveryonecanfootthebillforthecar,plustheinsurance,gas,andmaintenance.Mostbigcitieshavebuses,buttheyaremuchslowerthanacar.SeveralcitiesintheU.S.havesubwaysystems,butmanydonot.Thereareevenfewertrainsthattransportdailymuters(通勤者).IncitiessuchasLosAngeles,publictransportationismuchmorelimitedthaninothercountries.Ifyoutakesomeformofpublictransportation,youneedtopayacertainfare.Inmostbigcitiesthefareisanywherefrom1to2dollars.Butdon’texpectthebusdrivertochangeabillforyou.Youusuallyneedexactchangeifyou’regoingtorideabus,train,orsubway.Whateveryoutake,youalwayshavetopayforit!MyfriendshereinLosAngelesallhavedifferentwaysofgettingtowork.Onefriend,wholivesoutinthesuburb,ridesthetraineveryday.Hetakesthetrainbecauseit’seasierforhimthandrivingortakingabus.AnotherfriendIknowwhoworksclosetowherehelivesridesabikeeveryday.Stillanotherfrienddriveshiscar.Idon’tknowanyonewhoridesthebus,butI’vetakenitonceortwicewhenmycarwasintheshop.Worseestoworst,youcanalwaysgetinataxi.Takingataxiisexpensivehere,sobepreparedforabigfare,notincludingthetip!【文章大意】本文主要介紹了游逛美國(guó)乘坐的交通工具。1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,wecanknow.

A.someAmericanscan’taffordacarandotherexpenserelatedtoitB.AmericaisadevelopedcountryC.thegasinAmericacostsmorethanthatinanyothercountryD.itisalwaysdifficulttotravelinAmerica【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“noteveryonecanfootthebillforthecar,plustheinsurance,gas,andmaintenance”可知,不是所有人能買得起汽車,支付得起汽車的保險(xiǎn)、汽油和保養(yǎng)費(fèi)用。此處foot是動(dòng)詞,意為“支付費(fèi)用”。由此可知選A。2.WhatcanweinferaboutthepublictransportationinAmerica?A.It’sfreeofcharge.B.Passengershavetocarryenoughchangewhentakingit.C.Itisslowandneedsimproving.D.ItwilldisappearinAmerica.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,在美國(guó)乘坐公共交通,必須帶著正好的零錢,司機(jī)不會(huì)給你找零錢。另外,乘坐任何公共交通工具都應(yīng)該付錢。故選B。3.Whydoesafriendofthewritertakeatraintoworkeveryday?A.Hecan’tdriveacar.B.Thereisnobusinhisarea.C.It’sconvenientforhim.D.Heworksonthetrain.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Hetakesthetrainbecauseit’seasierforhimthandrivingortakingabus.”可知,他乘火車是因?yàn)榉奖恪?.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthoragreewith?A.PeopleinLosAngelesarebusyallthetime.B.RidingabusismoninLosAngeles.C.Takingataxiisthelastthingtheauthorwantstodo.D.Taxidriversearnaloteveryday.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Worseestoworst,youcanalwaysgetinataxi.Takingataxiisexpensivehere,sobepreparedforabigfare,notincludingthetip!”可知,只有在萬(wàn)不得已的情況下,你才能乘坐出租車,因?yàn)槌俗鲎廛囂F。故選C。【知識(shí)拓展】背景鏈接美國(guó)的一些交通工具1.美國(guó)人去哪兒都是自己開(kāi)車。2.打車要給小費(fèi),15%20%。3.美國(guó)人很少坐火車,美國(guó)的火車很慢。除了紐約和華盛頓之間的火車,其他的基本以貨運(yùn)為主。4.如果不是很遠(yuǎn)的地方,美國(guó)人會(huì)坐長(zhǎng)途汽車。5.比較遠(yuǎn)的地方,還是要坐飛機(jī)的,從美國(guó)東海岸到西海岸,飛機(jī)要飛大約6個(gè)小時(shí)。BPlentyofdriversplainaboutrushhourtraffic,butsomehavemoretoplainthanothers.Bangkokhastheworsteveningrushhourtrafficintheworldforasecondconsecutiveyear,accordingtoGPSmanufacturerTomTom.Theresultswerepiled(匯總)afterTomTomtrackedayearsworthoftrafficin390citiesacross48countries.TomTom’sseniortrafficexpertNickCohnsaidthatThailandandmanyotherbigcitiesatthetopofthecongestionrankinghavebeevictimsoftheirownsuccess.Growingeconomiesandincreasingpopulationstranslateintomoretrafficandmuters.

“Itwouldbeachallengeforanycitygovernmenttokeepthingsmoving,”hesaid,notingthatasmorepeoplehavemovedtoBangkok’ssuburbs,mutertraffichasworsened.WhileMexicoCityhasthesecondworsteveningrushhourtrafficintheworld,TomTomconsiderstheMexicancapitaltobetheworld’sworstcityforfulldaytrafficcongestion.“Itcouldbemiddleofthedayorlateatnight,butit’sjustreally,reallycongested,”saidCohn.“MexicoCityhasanextensivesubwaysystembutitdoesn’textend(延伸)outtowhereallthepopulationgrowthishappening,”hesaid.“Peopledon’thavealotofchoicesforgettingtowork.”Moscow,whichranksasthefifthworstcityforeveningrushhourtraffic,washigheruptherankingsinpastyears.Butcongestionhaseasedabitsincecityofficialsintroducednewparkingrules.Cohnsaidthecitynowchargesforsomeparking,which“reallychangedpeople’sbehavior”.TheonlyAmericancityinthetop15isLosAngeles.Itstrafficcongestionhasworsened,butit’sbeenmovingdowntherankingoverthepastfewyearsasotherglobalcitiesexperiencemoreacutetrafficproblems.【文章大意】交通擁堵是世界性難題,根據(jù)GPS生產(chǎn)商TomTom的調(diào)查結(jié)果,列舉了幾個(gè)全球交通擁堵排行榜上靠前的城市。5.Theunderlinedphrase“translateinto”isclosestto“”inmeaning.

A.understand B.find C.observeD.mean【解析】選D。詞義猜測(cè)題。translateinto所在句子的句意:增長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和擴(kuò)張的人口意味著更多的車輛和通勤者。translateinto本意是“翻譯,轉(zhuǎn)化”,在此處表示“意思是,意味著”。6.WhichcityisthemostcongestedcityfromdawntodarkaccordingtoTomTom?A.Bangkok. B.MexicoCity.C.Moscow. D.LosAngeles.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的內(nèi)容可知,TomTom認(rèn)為墨西哥城是全球全天交通擁堵最嚴(yán)重的城市。7.WhatdoesCohnthinkofthenewparkingrulesMoscowhasused?A.Theydowork.B.Theyneedimproving.C.Theyhaveabadeffect.D.Theymakedriversunhappy.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。在第十段,科恩說(shuō),該市現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始針對(duì)部分停車行為收費(fèi),這“確實(shí)改變了人們的行為”。由此可知科恩認(rèn)為停車新規(guī)對(duì)于緩解交通堵塞起作用了。8.Whatdoestheauthoraimtotellus?A.Trafficcongestionwillbesolvedsoon.B.Trafficcongestionisaworldwideproblem.C.TrafficcongestioninBangkok.D.Howtorunacity’straffic.【解析】選B。主旨大意題。本文主要告訴我們交通擁堵是世界性難題,世界各地的許多大城市都遇到這樣的問(wèn)題。故選B?！局R(shí)拓展】長(zhǎng)難句分析Itstrafficcongestionhasworsened,butit’sbeenmovingdowntherankingoverthepastfewyearsasotherglobalcitiesexperiencemoreacutetrafficproblems.分析:but連接前后兩個(gè)句子,but后面的句子asotherglobalcitiesexperiencemoreacutetrafficproblems是as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。翻譯:它的交通堵塞已經(jīng)變?cè)?但是在過(guò)去的幾年,它的排名開(kāi)始下降,因?yàn)槭澜缟掀渌某鞘杏龅礁訃?yán)重的交通問(wèn)題。Ⅱ.閱讀填句導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(2020·青島模擬)TheMillipede(千足蟲(chóng))Forestlife1Weenjoywatchingtelevisionprogramsaboutbears,batsormonkeys.Weknewalotabouttheirlives:howtheyfindfoodorwhattheydoatdifferenttimesoftheyear.Butwhataboutsmalleranimalsthataremoredifficulttoseeorfilm?

2AFrenchscientist,FrancoisXavier,Joly,isstudyingoneofthem—themillipede.

TheimportanceofleavesWhenleavesbegintodieinautumn,theyturnfromgreentoyellowandfallfromthetrees.3Lifeintheforestneedsthesenutrients—withoutthem,plantscouldnotgrowandsotherewouldbenofoodforotheranimals.

FoodontheforestfloorSomelivingthings,likemushrooms,breaktheleavesintosmallerpiecesandeatthem.Inafewmonthsthereisnothingleftofthem.Butformushrooms,notalltreesarethesame.Mushroomsprefersometypesofleavestoothers.Thismeansthatsomeleavestakemuchlongertobreakdownthanothers,sometimesyears.Sowhathappenstothese?4

MoreonthemenuThemillipedealsolikesleavesanditeatsanytype.Butwhenithasfinished,itproduceswaste.Thiswastethenbeesthefoodofmushrooms.Whenmushroomseatleavestheychooseonlycertaintypes—butwhentheyeatwaste,theywilleatanykind.5

Sonexttimeyouarewalkingthroughaforest,rememberthatsomethingmaybehavingamealrightunderyourfeet!A.Thisiswherethemillipedecanhelp.B.However,notallleavesareequallyrich.C.Millipedesdoamazingthingsinthesoilinourforests.D.Forestsareamazingplaces,andsoaretheanimalsthatliveinthem.E.Astheybreakdownontheground,nutrientsarereturnedtothesoil.F.Manysmallanimalsthatliveinforestsareveryimportantforthesoil.G.Thisishowthemillipedeturnsdeadleavesintofoodforothersandhelpslifecontinue.【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了千足蟲(chóng)在森林中對(duì)生物的食物分解起著積極的作用,對(duì)土壤非常重要。1.【解析】選D。段首句。它總結(jié)這一段的大意,或者引出下文。D項(xiàng)表示“森林是神奇的地方,生活在其中的動(dòng)物也神奇”,然后接著說(shuō)明人們?cè)谏种谐Ｒ?jiàn)的動(dòng)物以及對(duì)它們的了解。D項(xiàng)在此處是引出下文。2.【解析】選F。段首句。上一段最后一句問(wèn)道:但是對(duì)于那些更難看到或拍攝的小動(dòng)物你又了解多少呢?所以本題要對(duì)這個(gè)疑問(wèn)進(jìn)行回答,來(lái)說(shuō)明許多生活在森林里的小動(dòng)物對(duì)土壤非常重要,故F選項(xiàng)正確。3.【解析】選E。段中句?？涨懊嬉痪涮岬?當(dāng)樹(shù)葉在秋天開(kāi)始枯死時(shí),它們從綠色變成黃色,然后從樹(shù)上掉下來(lái)。E選項(xiàng)表示“當(dāng)它們?cè)诘孛嫔戏纸鈺r(shí),營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)被返回到土壤中”。后面一句提到森林里的生命需要這些營(yíng)養(yǎng)。E選項(xiàng)起到承上啟下的作用。另外,后面一句中nutrients和E選項(xiàng)中的nutrients也是提示。4.【解析】選A。段末句。根據(jù)空前面的“Thismeansthatsomeleavestakemuchlongertobreakdownthanothers,sometimesyears.Sowhathappenstothese?”可知,這意味著一些樹(shù)葉比其他樹(shù)葉需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間來(lái)分解,有時(shí)需要幾年。那么對(duì)于這些樹(shù)葉會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢?所以本題要說(shuō)這就是千足蟲(chóng)可以幫忙的地方,以此來(lái)說(shuō)明它的作用。故A選項(xiàng)正確。5.【解析】選G。段末句?？涨懊嫣岬?千足蟲(chóng)吃任何一種葉子,它吃完產(chǎn)生廢物,這些廢物就變成了蘑菇的食物。當(dāng)蘑菇吃葉子時(shí),它們只選擇特定的種類——但當(dāng)它們吃廢物時(shí),它們會(huì)吃任何種類的廢物。所以本題要總結(jié)性地說(shuō)明“這就是千足蟲(chóng)如何把枯葉變成其他生物的食物,從而幫助生命延續(xù)”。故G選項(xiàng)正確。Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞; 2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。DearAlice,I’mgladthatyouwilletoworkinourcountry.TherearemuchmeansoftransportinBeijingyoucanusetogettingaround.Youcantakeataxi,whichwasavailable24hoursaday.Itisfast,fortableandco