語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之定語從句

一.定語從句的基本定義及分類放在名詞或代詞后面，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的修飾該名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。一.定語從句的基本定義TheboywhoisreadingisTom.先行詞關(guān)系代詞Hospitalisaplace

whereadoctorworks.先行詞關(guān)系副詞口訣定從分類有奧妙，限與非限看逗號。定前必有先行詞，名代兩類最適宜。定從先行很緊密，代副兩詞拉關(guān)系。

二.關(guān)系詞的分類關(guān)系代詞

2.

關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語，常用的關(guān)系代詞有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，常用的關(guān)系副詞有：when,where,why二.關(guān)系詞的分類三.關(guān)系代詞的基本用法和注意點(diǎn)1.關(guān)系代詞的基本用法三.1.關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞指代的先行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分who人主語、賓語whom人賓語which物主語、賓語that人或物主語、賓語、表語whose人或物定語①who指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)，可省略。Theman

(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Aperson

whostealsthingsiscalledathief.②whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語，可省略。

Theman

(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.who,whom③

which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)，可省略。

Thesearethetrees

whichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder

（which）

heisusingismadeinJapan.whichHeistheman

(that)

Itoldyouabout.④that指人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)，可省略。Aplaneisamachine

thatcanfly.that⑤whose指人或物,在定語從句中作定語。不可省略。Weliveinahouse

whosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirl

whoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whose口訣關(guān)系代詞有五個(gè)，聽我逐一來說破。Which指物人用who,人物都有that顧。Which可用逗號后，意表前句你要know。Who做主語很稱職，whom用到賓語里。定從之中少定語，whose為你唱一曲；Whose指人又指物，所屬關(guān)系要記住。2.關(guān)系代詞的用法注意點(diǎn)(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5種情況只能用that不能用which。①當(dāng)先行詞中有人又有物時(shí)。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersons

thattheyaretalkingabout?2.關(guān)系代詞用法注意點(diǎn)(1)只能用that不能用which的5種情況②當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等時(shí)。如：Thisisall

thatIwantfromtheschool.③當(dāng)先行詞被only,just,very,right,last等修飾時(shí)。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.④當(dāng)先行詞被最高級修飾時(shí)。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：Thefirstlesson

thatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.口訣thatwhich

代表物，區(qū)別聽我來敘述；先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；先行詞前有序數(shù)，就用that定無誤；先行詞前最高級，還用that必?zé)o疑；句中若有therebe,that

應(yīng)把which替；先行主中做表語，that出現(xiàn)從句里。(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用who。(2)用who不用that的情況①先行詞為all,anyone,one,ones等時(shí)。如：All

whoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行詞為those,he和people時(shí)。如：Those

whowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.He

whodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.口訣指人可用thatwho,以下情況多用who;thosepeople

做先行,therebe

的句型中；先行指人不定代，從句做主who要在；兩個(gè)從句一起來，不要重復(fù)記腦海；(3)whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句注意點(diǎn)①whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語。②whose與它所修飾的名詞一起可以作介詞的賓語。如：Theboss

inwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews.他工作所在部門的老板已經(jīng)聽說了這個(gè)消息。(3)whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句注意點(diǎn)④whose的先行詞指物時(shí)，可用ofwhich代替，但語序不同，即whose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名詞。如：Thenovel

whosetitle

(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)

isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.③whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞既可以指人也可以指物。⑤whose的先行詞指人時(shí)，可用ofwhom代替，但語序不同，即whose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名詞。如：Theboy

whosemother

(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)

isadoctorismyfriend.四.關(guān)系副詞when,where和why的用法五.關(guān)系副詞的基本用法關(guān)系副詞指代的先行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分when表時(shí)間的名詞/名詞詞組時(shí)間狀語where表地點(diǎn)的名詞/名詞詞組地點(diǎn)狀語why表原因的名詞原因狀語用關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)，先行詞指時(shí)間，when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，when可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：Istillremembertheday

when(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.Myfatherwasbornintheyear

when(=inwhich)WorldWarⅡbrokeout.1.when1.when用關(guān)系副詞where時(shí)，先行詞指地點(diǎn)，where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，where可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：Thisisthefarm

where(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.Theschool

where(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.2.where2.where用關(guān)系副詞why時(shí)，先行詞指原因，why在定語從句中作原因狀語，why可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：Thereareseveralreasons

why(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.Tomcouldn’tgivetheteacherthereason

why(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.3.why3.why五.介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.介詞的選用原則：根據(jù)定語從句謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定。ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8dollars.四.“介詞+which/whom”引導(dǎo)的從句，1.介詞選用原則(2)根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定。Iremembertheday

onwhichIjoinedtheParty.Irememberthedays

duringwhichIlivedthere.（3）根據(jù)句意來決定。Thesearehisglasseswithoutwhichhecan’tseeanything.2.當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且關(guān)系代詞不能省略。Theman

with

whomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.Ican’tfindthepen

w