Lessonone：RockSuperstars：WhatDoTheyTellUsaboutOurselvesandOurSociety1.RockSuperstars搖滾樂超級(jí)明星rock：rockmusic，rock'n'roll（or：rockandroll）搖滾樂早期的搖滾樂是源于美國(guó)的民歌（folk）爵士樂（jazz）勃魯斯歌曲（blues）等的一種音樂，其特征是具有強(qiáng)烈的節(jié)奏（rhythm）單純的旋律（melody）一再重復(fù)的歌詞和音符的后拍音（afterbeat）2.Rockisthemusicofteenagerebellion.搖滾樂是青少年的反叛音樂a.teenageadj.pertainingtoateenager（13至19歲的）青少年的。其名詞形式為teenager：（13至19歲的青少年）。b.rebellion：resistancetoordefianceofanyauthority造反，反派。如；arebellionagainstoldtraditions對(duì)舊傳統(tǒng)的反叛。3.Byaman'sheroesyeshallknowhim.你將從一個(gè)人崇拜的英雄得知其人。a.這句句子的句型與英語中常說的judgeamanbythecompanyhekeeps（以一個(gè)人所交的朋友斷定其為人）很相似。b.ye=you用于古英語或詩(shī)歌中，是第二人稱代詞thou的復(fù)數(shù)。如：Yearethesaltoftheearth.你們是社會(huì)的中堅(jiān)。（出自<>）4."MidnightRamblerramble：walkforpleasure漫游，既可表動(dòng)詞，也可作名詞。如；Theyrambledthroughthewoods.他們?cè)诹种新健?.……h(huán)esaid，"Grabsahalf-gallonjugofwaterandrunsalongthefrontplatform，sprinklingitscontentsoverthefirstrowsofswelteringlisteners……"a.grab：toseizesuddenly，eagerly，orroughly；snatch急抓，奪取。如：Hejumpedupfromthetable，grabbedhishatandranoutofthedoor.他從桌子旁跳了起來，抓起自己的帽子，奔出門去。另外，grab后面可以跟其他名詞或名詞短語。如：grabashower快速?zèng)_了澡，grabasandwich，胡亂吃了一個(gè)三明治，grabataxi趕搭******************************************************.有時(shí)，還可以作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：Hegrabbedattheopportunityofgoingabroad.他設(shè)法抓住這次出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)b.sprinkle：toscatterdropsorparticlesofwater，powderorthelikeon灑液體，撒粉末等（于……上）。如：Theysprinkledashesontheicysidewalk.他們?cè)诜e水溜滑的人行道上撒了灰。Wesprinklethelawneveryday.我們每天給草坪灑水。以"sprinkling"引導(dǎo)的短語是動(dòng)詞的"-ing"形式做伴隨狀語。再如：Theystoodthere，watchingthebasketball.他們站在那里，觀看籃球比賽。6.Theysurgetofollowhim，eagertobetouchedbyafewbaptismaldrops.a.surge：tomoveorswellforwardinorlikewaves如波濤洶涌而至。Acrowdsurgedoutofthetheater.觀眾從劇院里蜂擁而出。b.以形容詞"eager"引導(dǎo)的不定式詞組在語法功能上起著并列分句的作用。7.Some14，000screamingfanswerecrunchinguptothefrontofthestageatCapitalCenter……a.some：（beforeanumber）approximately，about（在數(shù)字前）大約。如：sometwentystudents大約20個(gè)學(xué)生。b.screamtomakealoud，sharpcry尖聲大叫。"screaming"是動(dòng)詞scream的"-ing"形式作前置修飾語，"screamingfans"意為“尖聲大叫的歌迷”c.crunch：toproceedwithacrushingnoise嘎吱嘎吱地往前。如：Thechildrencrunchedthroughthesnow.孩子們嘎吱嘎吱地踩著雪走。8.Ioughttobecrawlingonmyknees.a.crawled：tomovewiththefacedownwardandtheboysclosetotheground爬行。如；Thebuscrawledalong.公共汽車緩慢地行進(jìn)。注意：短語crawlintothefavorofone'ssuperiors表示“卑躬屈膝地討好上司”。b.onone'sknees：雙膝跪地。9.Howdoyoufeelaboutallthisadulationandheroworshipa.feelabout：consider，thinkof覺得，感到。經(jīng)常用于疑問句中，如：Howdoyoufeelaboutthesuggestion你認(rèn)為這個(gè)建議怎么樣b.adulation是adulate的名詞形式。adulate：flatteroradmireexcessively過分贊賞，奉承，恭維。如：Onecanhardlyunderstandwhyyoungpeoplesoadulatefilmstars.年輕人為什么如此過分贊賞影星，真讓人費(fèi)解。10.Orareyoudrawnsomehowtothisstrangeclown，perhapsbecauseheactsoutyourwildestfantasiesa.draw：attracts吸引。如：Somemutualinterestsdrawustogether.一些共同的興趣把我們吸引到一塊了。b.somehow：insomewaynotspecifiedorknown不知什么緣故。如：SomehowIdon'tlikethisnovelthoughitissopopular.這本小說雖然很流行，但不知什么原因我卻不喜歡它。c.fantasy：imagination，esp.whenitisletfreeandnotheldback（自由奔放的）想象，幻想，狂想。wildestfantasies，最為狂妄的奇想。11.Thesearen'tidlequestions.idle：ofnorealworthorpurpose無聊的。如：idlerumor無聊的謊言。12.Horwitzseestherockmusicarenaasasortofdebatingforum，aplacewhereideasclashandcrash.a.see……as……：consider……as……把……看作……b.forum：ameetingplaceofdiscussionofmattersofpublicinterest論壇。c.aplace是asortofdebatingforum的同位語，后面由where引導(dǎo)的句子是定語從句，修飾aplace."ideasclashandcrash"意為“各種思想沖撞”。13."Theredefinition，"Horowitzsays"isataskuniquelyperformedbytheyoung……""uniquelyperformedbytheyoung"是過去分詞短語，用于修飾前面的"atask"。14.Itistheyalonewhocombineinventionandexaggeration……a.itis……who（that）是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。b.lone：（afteranounorpronoun）only（在名詞或代詞后面）僅，只。Hisnamealonewasenoughtodrawalargeaudience.僅僅他的名字就足以吸引一大批觀眾。15."Rockmusic，"hesays"isreallyasociologicalexpressionratherthanamusicalforce."ratherthan：insteadof而不是（肯定前者，否定后者。）比如：Heisapoetratherthananovelist.與其說他是小說家，不如說他是詩(shī)人。這里介紹另一個(gè)短語orrather，意為moreexactly更為確切地說“。如：latelastnight，orratherearlythismorning昨天深夜，更為確切地說，是今天清晨。16.It'sjustthatElvismanagedtoembodythefrustratedteenagespiritofthe1950s.a.句中的it有thereason的意思，that=because.b.embody：giveadefiniteformto具體體現(xiàn)如：Thestatueembodiesthesentimentofthesculptor.這尊塑像表現(xiàn)了雕像家的感情。Thelatestmodelofthelorryembodiesmanyimprovements.卡車的最新式樣體現(xiàn)了許多改進(jìn)的地方。17.TVnetworkbannedhim.a.network：agroupofradioortelevisionstationslinkedbywireormicrowaves（廣播，電視）廣播網(wǎng)b.ban：prohibit，forbid禁止。如：Studentsarebannedfromreadingdirtybooks.禁止學(xué)生閱讀色情書刊。18.Mostoftheolderviewersfrowned，whilemostoftheyoungerviewersapplauded.a.frown：towrinkletheforehead，suchaswhenoneisdispleasedorindeepthought皺眉。如：聽到我說錯(cuò)了答案，他便皺起了眉頭。短語frownon（upon）表示“不贊同”。如：Hefrowneduponmyplan.他不贊同我的計(jì)劃。b.applaud：toclapthehandstogetherinapprovalorappreciation鼓掌喝彩；稱贊。如：Theaudienceapplaudedwildly.觀眾熱烈鼓掌。c.連接詞while在這里表示對(duì)照，再如：Ilikebookswhilemybrotherlovessports.我喜歡書，而我的兄弟則熱衷于體育。19.TheRollingStones，arrogantstreet-fightingmen，demandedrevolution.arrogant：actingasifoneweremoreimportantthanothers傲慢的；妄自尊大的。如；Hewasjusttooarroganttohissubordinates.他對(duì)他的部下太傲慢了。20.Feelings，alwaysapartofanymusicalstatement，wereamajorsubject.這里alwaysapartofanymusicalstatement是feelings的同位語。21.TheBeatlesshowedtherewerearangeofemotionsbetweenloveandhate.range：anumberofdifferentthingsofthesamegeneralsortortype（變動(dòng)的，可供選擇的）范圍；幅度。如：arangeofcolorstochoosefrom可以選擇的一系列顏色；arangeofpricesfrom5Yuanto50Yuan從5元到50元不等的各種價(jià)格。22.Thiscountryelement，Horowitzfeels，helpeditsaudienceexpressanurgeto"getawayfromitall，"……urge：aninstinctivedrive.沖動(dòng)。如：IfeltanurgetofurthermystudiesinEurope.我有一種去歐洲深造的沖動(dòng)。23.……theserockmusiciansmirrorfeelings……mirror：reflect反映。如：Theelectionresultreflectstheiropinions.選舉結(jié)果反映了他們的觀點(diǎn)。24.……whereit'sheadinghead（for）：movetoward（朝某一方向）前進(jìn)。如：Theywereheadingforthedeepjungleforhunting.他們?nèi)擦稚钐幋颢C。LessonTwoFourChoicesforYoungPeople1.JimBinns……wrotemeaboutsomeofhismisgivings.misgiving：worry，concern（常用復(fù)數(shù)）（對(duì)未來之事）疑慮不安，懷疑。如：Ilikeyourschemeinprinciple；myonlymisgivingisthatitmayrequiretoolargeasumofmoney.我原則上喜歡你的計(jì)劃，唯一擔(dān)心的是花銷可能太大。2……ourgenerationviewstheadultworldwithgreatskepticism……skepticism：doubtsuspicion懷疑（態(tài)度）；懷疑主義beskepticalabout：對(duì)……持懷疑太度；不相信。如：Heisskepticalabouteverything.他對(duì)一切事物都抱懷疑態(tài)度。withaskepticalexpression帶著懷疑的表情。3.Apparentlyhespeaksforalotofhiscontemporaries.contemporaryadj.同時(shí)代的，當(dāng)代；n.同時(shí)代的人。如：ourcontemporaries和我們同時(shí)代的人同義詞：peer同等的人，同輩。如：withoutapeer無匹敵的4.Thepeopleresponsibleare，presumably，theadultswho……a.responsible：1）（放在名詞后面）應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的。如：Iholdyouresponsibleforthesafetyofherfamily.我就把她家的安全交給你了。2）（放在名詞前面）（工作，地為等）責(zé)任重的，有責(zé)任的。如：aresponsibleposition要職。3）（人）可靠的，可信賴的，如：aresponsibleperson有責(zé)任心的人。b.presumably：perhaps大概，推測(cè)起來，可能。5.Theseconclusionsstrikemeasreasonable……strike******.+adj.（orn.）：使……感覺（是）。如：Atfirsttheideastruckmeasstupid.起初，這個(gè)主意讓我覺得很愚蠢。Hestrikesmeasanhonestman.他讓我覺得是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。6.Therelevantquestionforthearrivinggenerationisnotwhetheroursocietyisimperfect（wecantakethatforgranted），but……a.relevant：有關(guān)的。如：relevantinformation有關(guān)信息。若作表語，后面通常跟由介詞to引導(dǎo)的短語。如；Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasnotrelevanttothecase.法官認(rèn)定證據(jù)與本案無關(guān)。b.imperfect：不完美，由perfect（完美）加否定前綴im-構(gòu)成。另如ermissible-impermissible，possible-impossible，proper-improper，pureimpure，Mobile-immobile，mortal-immortals.c.takeforgranted：視……為當(dāng)然。如：Youshouldnottakehishelpforgranted.你不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為他的幫忙是當(dāng)然的事。7.forallisharshnessandirrationality；itistheonlyworldwe'vegot.a.forall……盡管。如：Forallhislearning，heisnotwise.他盡管滿腹經(jīng)綸，處世并不聰明。Forallhisefforts，hedidn'tsucceed.他還是個(gè)正派的人。b.harsh：殘酷的；無情的；刻薄的。如：Shewasveryharshwithherservant.她對(duì)用人非常刻薄。Wehavetofaceharshrealities.我們得面對(duì)殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)。c.rational：有理性的，通情達(dá)理的。如：Manisarationalthing.人是有理性的動(dòng)物。Doyouconsideritarationalexplanation你覺得這種解釋合理嗎irrational：不理智，ir-為否定前綴。另如：Irreducible，irregular，irreparable，irreversible.8.Choosingastrategytocopewithit，then，is……a.strategy：戰(zhàn)略，與之相對(duì)的是tactics（戰(zhàn)術(shù)）b.copewith：tostruggleorcontend，esp..withsomedegreeofsuccess應(yīng)付，處理。如：Theyproposedseveralpossibilitiesforcopingwiththecrisis.他們提出了對(duì)付危機(jī)的幾種可能方案。Heisunabletocopewiththedutiesofhernewposition.他不能應(yīng)付新崗位的職責(zé)。9.SofarasIhavebeenabletodiscover，therearefourbasicalternatives.a.sofaras：=asfaras，totheextentthat就……而言，從……來看。如：Hisconduct，sofarasIcansee，isunjustifiable.就我看來，他憑一已之力將不可能完成這樣巨大的項(xiàng)目。b.alternative：oneofmorethantwopossibilities數(shù)種可能之一，可代替的。如：Thereisalternativeanswertothisquestion.這個(gè)問題有幾種可能的答案。Analternativeplanistoapplyforaloan.另一種可能的方案就是申請(qǐng)貸款。10.DropOutdropout：towithdrawfrom退出。如：Hehasdecidedtodropoutofpolitics.他已經(jīng)決定退出政壇。Sevenstudentsdroppedoutofuniversitylastyear.去年有七個(gè)學(xué)生被退了學(xué)。11.Thisisoneoftheoldestexpedient……=expedient：atemporarymeanstoanend權(quán)宜之計(jì)如：resorttoanexpedient采取權(quán)宜之計(jì)12.Inonewayoranother，itspractitionersbattenonthesocietywhich……a.（in）onewayoranother：以這樣或那樣的方式；在某方面。如：Theprojectmustbecompletedbytheendofthismonth（in）onewayoranother.不管用什么方式，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目必須在這個(gè)月底結(jié)束。b.battenon：thrive，orprosper，orliveinluxury（on）（esp.attheexpenseofothers）（靠他人犧牲而）興旺，過奢侈的生活，（損人）肥飽私囊13.someofusfindthisdistasteful-anundignifiedkindoflife.distasteful：disagreeable；unpleasant討厭的，令人不愉快的。如：Jazzisdistastefultome.我討厭爵士樂。（爵士樂不合我的口味）14.Butforthepoorinspirit，withlowlevelsofbothenergyandpride，itmaybetheleastintolerablechoiceavailable.Availed：readyforuse；readilyobtainablea.（立即）可利用的；可得到的。如：employallmeansavailable采用一切可能的方法。Thedressisavailableinallsizes.這種款式的服裝大小尺寸都有。b.（人）有空的。如：I'llbeavailabletomorrowmorning.我明天早上有空。15.Thisstrategyhasancientantecedents.Antecedent：precedingthingorcircumstance，esp.（pl.）pasthistoryofaperson前事，前情；（復(fù)數(shù)）身世，經(jīng)歷，人的過去歷史。如；awomanofshadyantecedent一個(gè)來歷可疑的女人16.……thatis，thecity，withallitsuglinessandtension.tension：mentalstrain緊張。如：underextremetension處于極度緊張/（復(fù)數(shù)-s）緊張（狀態(tài)）。如：thetensionbetweenlaborandmanagement勞資間關(guān)系的緊張17.Thetroublewiththesolutionisthatitnolongerisonalargescale.onalargescale：大規(guī)模。另如natremendousscale極大的規(guī)模。Theprojectwasundertakenonagrandscale.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目規(guī)模很大。Thereformiscarriedoutonanenormousscale.改革的幅度極大。18.Outplanet，unfortunately，isrunningoutofnoblesavagesandunsulliedlandscapes.runoutof：becomeshortof，becomeexhausted用完。如；Weranoutofpetroltheotherday.那一天我們汽油用光了。Wearerunningoutoftime.我們已經(jīng)沒有時(shí)間了。19.PlotaRevolutionplot：plansecretly密謀。如：Theyplottedhowtokillhim.他們密謀如何殺死他。Thecriminalswereplottingtorobthebank.犯罪密謀搶銀行。20.……thosewhohavenopatiencewiththetediousworkingsofthedemocraticprocessandwhobelievethattheinstitutioncanonlybechangedbyforce.a.tedious：longandtiresome冗長(zhǎng)乏味的。如：atediouslecture冗長(zhǎng)的演講；tediouswork乏味的工作b.working（s）：action，operation工作，運(yùn)作。如：theworkingsofthemind，theworkingsofthenature自然的運(yùn)作21.Tothemitoffersaromanticappeal，usuallysymbolizedbysomedashingandcharismaticfigure.a.aromanticappeal：appealn.：thepowertoattractthemindoremotions吸引力。如：Suchlifehasnoappealforme.這種生活對(duì)我沒有吸引力。Thatsortofmusichaslostitsappealforme.這種音樂已經(jīng)失去了對(duì)我的吸引力。v.appealto：吸引。如oesthemenuappealtome菜單吸引我了嗎Thenovelappealstowomen.這本小說吸引女性讀者。b.dashing：vigorouslylovely；brilliantorshowy精力充沛的；華麗的c.charismatic名詞形式為charisma（使大眾信服的）領(lǐng)袖魅力22.Letssmashitandbuildsomethingbetterontheruins.ontheruins：theremainsofdestroyedordecayingortown廢墟，遺跡，殘骸。如：theruinsofacastle一座城堡的廢墟23.Thesearetheoneswhoserevolutiondidnotcomeoff……comeoff：happen，occur發(fā)生。如：Theinvasioncameofflastweek.入侵是上星期發(fā)生的。Tobeeffectiveorsuccessful生效，成功。如：Shedidn'tcomeoffwellintheinterview.她的面試不很成功。24.Iamnot，ofcourse，suggestingthatrevolutionsaccomplishnothing.accomplish：bringtoasuccessfulconclusion；achievement完成。如：accomplishsomething/agreatdeal/miracles實(shí)現(xiàn)某種目標(biāo)/取得很大成就/實(shí)現(xiàn)奇跡accomplish：skilled，expert熟練的，內(nèi)行的。如：anaccomplishgolfplayer技術(shù)精湛的高爾夫運(yùn)動(dòng)員accomplishment（s）修養(yǎng)，才藝。如：awomanofmanyaccomplishment多才多藝的女人25.Foratbesttheirvictoryneverdawnsontheshiningnewworldtheyhaddreamedof，cleansedofallhumanmeanness.cleanse：makeclean清洗。如：Shecleansedthewoundwithalcohol.她用酒精清洗傷口。cleansesinfromthesoul=cleansethesoulofsin清洗靈魂的罪惡26.Atfirstglance，thiscourseisfarfrominviting.inviting：temptinglyattractive誘人的。如：aninvitingsmile迷人的微笑/aninvitingdish誘人的菜肴27.Itdependsontheexasperatinganduncertaininstrumentsofpersuasion……exasperate：annoyextremely令人怒不可遏如：Constantinterruptionsexasperateme.不斷的中斷讓我怒火中燒。28.Itdemandspatience，alwaysinshortsupply.（be）inshortsupply：供應(yīng)不足，短缺。如：Foodisinshortsupply.食物供應(yīng)不足。Honestyisinshortsupply.缺乏誠(chéng)實(shí)（的人）。29.……assoonasyoucaptureonemountainrange，anotheroneloomsjustahead.loom：comeintoviewinindistinctandenlargedform忽隱忽現(xiàn)。如：Theicebergloomedoutofthemist.冰山在迷霧中忽隱忽現(xiàn)。Dangersareloomingahead.危險(xiǎn)陰森森地逼近。30.……ofcopingwithwarinunfamiliarguises.guise：afalseorassumedappearanceordisguise外貌，偽裝。如：anoldideainanewguise老觀念新面貌（新瓶裝舊酒）intheguiseof打扮成……的樣子。如：thekingintheguiseofabeggar裝扮成乞丐的國(guó)王undertheguiseof以……為借口。如：undertheguiseoffriendship以友誼為幌子31.Itdawnedonusrathersuddenlythat……dawnon：begintobeknown，orrealized常用先行詞it，表示“明白過來”。如：Ithasslowlydawneduponmethathewillnotlendahelpinghandtouswhenweareintrouble.我慢慢明白，當(dāng)我們碰到麻煩的時(shí)候，他是不會(huì)伸出援手的。LessonThree：theuseofforce1.startle：todisturbsuddenlyassurprise驚嚇。如：starlingnews/sstartlingdiscovery（disturbing，frightening）令人震驚的新聞/發(fā)現(xiàn)Hestartleduswhenheslammedthedoorsoloudly.他砰的一聲把門關(guān)上，讓我們大吃一驚。Thenoisestartledmeoutofmysleep.喧嘩之聲把我從夢(mèng)中驚醒。2.a.motion：tomakeamotionorgesture，aswiththehand（用手等）作示意。如：Hemotionedmetositdown.他向我作了個(gè)手勢(shì)，讓我坐下。b.lookover：examine，esp.briefly檢查。如：Iwilllookoveryourpapersoon.我很快會(huì)看一下你的論文。Welookedoverseveralnewmodelsbeforedeciding.我們看過了幾種新的模型之后才做了決定。Heaskedmyage，height，weightandmarriagestatus，andthenlookedmeover.他詢問了我的年齡，身高，體重和婚姻狀況，然后打量了一番。3.Eye**.upanddown上下仔細(xì)打量。如Theyeyedthestrangerupanddown.他們對(duì)那陌生人仔細(xì)上下打量了一番。4.Beupto***.todosth.：beone'sresponsibilitytodosth.由……負(fù)責(zé)做……如：It'suptoyoutobreakthenewstohim.應(yīng)該由你向他透露這條消息。It'suptothemtomakethechange.應(yīng)該由他們作這個(gè)變化。5.inprofusion：agreatamountquantity（ofsomething）充足。如；agreatprofusionofcolors=colorsinrichprofusion五顏六色Profuse：adj.generous，lavish豐富。如：Thecriticswereprofuseintheirpraiseofthenewnovel.批評(píng)家慷慨地贊揚(yáng)了那部小說。Hewasprofuseinhisthanksforthehelp.他盛情感激他的幫助。Beprofusewithone'smoney花錢大手大腳。6.asorethroat：喉嚨痛，sore；Physicallypainfulorsensitive，suchasawoundordiseasedpart疼痛如I'msorealloverfromtheheavyworkIdidyesterday.昨天干了一天重活，全身上下都痛了。7.inmybestprofessionalmanner：以我最好的職業(yè)方式；manner：awayofdoingthings做事情的方式。manner：courtesy禮貌。如goodmanner有禮貌。It'sbadmannertospeakwithyourmouthfull.嘴巴里滿滿的對(duì)人說話是不禮貌的。8.coax：attempttoinfluencebygentlepersuasion哄騙。如Hetriedtocoaxthesecretfromme.他試圖哄騙我說出秘方。9.onthechance：countingontheslightpossibility懷著希望，也許可能。ontheoffchance：抱著微弱的希望。如；Sheappliedontheoffchance.她抱著微弱的希望作了申請(qǐng)。Heofferedtheinformationonthechancethatitmightproveuseful.他提供了信息，指望能有所幫助。10.admonish：towarnorcautiongently，toreportmildly訓(xùn)誡。如；Admonish******.againststh.勸誡……提防……：Theteacheradmonishedusagainstbeinglate.（=usnottobelate.）老師訓(xùn)教我們不要遲到。Headmonishedhimoftheneedforsincerity.他警告我為人必須真誠(chéng)。11.a.savage：mercilesslycruel，uncivilized，wild野蠻的。如：asavageattackon野蠻攻擊；asavagelion野蠻的獅子：savagemanners野蠻的態(tài)度savagescenery殘酷的場(chǎng)面。12.a.ensues：followasaconsequence跟隨，緊跟。如：Aftertheheavyrains，floodsensued.大雨之后緊跟著發(fā)了洪水。duringtheensuingmonths/intheensuingyear隨后的幾個(gè)月/年；thewarandtheensuingdisorder戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以及隨后緊跟著的混亂。b.abject：humiliatingandwretched；contemptibleanddespicable可憐，可鄙的。如：anabjectapology低聲下氣的道歉。a.crushed：subdued壓服。13.a.agony：extremeandprolongedsuffering極大的痛苦。如：inagony處于痛苦之中；pileuptheagony苦上加苦；inanagonyofjoy悲喜交加。b.apprehension；uneasinessandfear恐懼，擔(dān)心。如：feel（show）apprehensionsforthesafety（failure）對(duì)安全（失?。└械剑@得）很擔(dān)心。14.letgoof松開，放開。如：Heletgooftherope.他放開了繩子。15.clench：closetightly緊緊抓住。如：Heclenchedthecigarinhisteeth.他用牙齒緊緊夾住香煙。Heclenchedhisfistsinfrustrations.他沮喪地緊握拳頭。withclenchedteeth咬緊牙關(guān)。16.a.desists：tocease，suchasfromsomeaction停止。如；Thecompanywasforcedtodesistfromfalseadvertising.公司被迫停止虛假?gòu)V告。Theydesistedfromevilways.他們停止為非作歹。b.“should+不定式完成體”在這里所表示的是一種非真實(shí)情況，表達(dá)了作者一種遺憾的感情色彩。如：Ishouldhavecomeearlier.我本該早點(diǎn)來。Heshouldhavetakenmyadvice.他本應(yīng)接受我的建議。17.a.neglect=negligence疏忽neglect：paynoattentionortoolittleattentionto不（夠）重視，注意。如；Youshouldn'tneglectyourhealth.你不應(yīng)該忽視自己的健康。Benignneglect善意的疏忽；totalneglect完全疏忽；parentalneglect養(yǎng)子不教。b.case：theactualstateofthings情況。如；Ifthat'sthecase，you'dbettergiveitup.如果情況確實(shí)如此，你最好放棄。18.goatassault；beginorproceedvigorously攻擊，開始，進(jìn)發(fā)。如；Thetowcocksaregoingateachother.兩個(gè)公雞互相爭(zhēng)斗。Thestudentstendtogoattheirstudiesbeforetheexamination.學(xué)生一般會(huì)在考試前才開始學(xué)習(xí)。19.beyondreason沒有理由。beyond：outsidethelimitsof……超出……范圍。如：beyondhumanpower超出人力所能為；beyondhumanendurance讓人無法忍受；beyonddescription難以形容。20.overpower：1）overcome（someoneorsomething）bysuperiorforce壓倒，制服2）affectorimpressdeeplyorpowerfully使……無法忍受。beoverpoweredbyheat（grief）炎熱（悲痛）難忍。LessonFour：Dieasuchoose1.dodge：avoid，evadeorelude逃避。如；Hewasaccusedofdodginghistaxes.他被指控逃稅。Youshouldn'tdodgeyourresponsibilities.你不能回避責(zé)任moveasidesuddenly突然閃開。如：Idodgedoutofthewaywhenhethrewachairatme.他將椅子向我扔來的時(shí)候，我急忙閃開。2.condemn：expressanunfavorablejudgmentoropinionof譴責(zé)。如：Wecondemnedemptytalkinsteadofhardwork.我們譴責(zé)只說空話不務(wù)實(shí)的行為。3.tocometolight：tobediscoveredorrevealed暴露。如；Oninvestigationsomenewfactscametolight.一經(jīng)調(diào)查，一些新的事實(shí)就被暴露了。Ithasnowcometolightthathewasfinanciallybackedbysomeinterestgroup.人們剛剛得知，他受到了某個(gè)利益集團(tuán)的經(jīng)濟(jì)支持。4.languish：1）becomefeeble；droop；loselivelinessorthewilltodothings凋萎，有氣無力。如；languishfromtheheat/inprison/inhisdulljob由于天氣炎熱/坐牢/工作乏味而萎靡不振。2）sufferfromafeelingoflonging苦思。如；languishforsomekindwords/herlove苦苦期盼一些安慰的話語/她的愛。5.Moral：themoralteachingorpracticallessoncontinuedinafable，tale，experience，etc.寓意。如；Thereisamoraltothestory.這個(gè)故事有個(gè)寓意。6.bizarre：unusualinappearance，style，orcharacters外貌，風(fēng)格或性格怪異。如；abizarrecoincidence一次奇怪的巧合；hisbizarrebehavior他怪異的行為。7.atherownrequest根據(jù)她本人的要求。另如：Hewrotethisbookattherequestofhis……他根據(jù)……的要求寫了那本書。8.voteon：就……進(jìn)行表決。如：Let'svoteonthisissue，sincewecan'tagree.既然我們不能達(dá)成一致意見，就來投票表決吧。9.inprivate：notpublicly，secretly私下。如：Suchathingisbestdiscussedinprivate.這種事情最好私下討論。Hecanbeveryrubeinprivate，thoughheisusuallypoliteinpublic.他私下可能很粗魯，但在大眾面前通常彬彬有禮。10.Tabooadj.忌諱的，禁止的。如：Thistopicistabooonthecampus.校園里忌諱討論這個(gè)話題。11.A.prolong：causesth.tocontinuelonger延長(zhǎng)。如：Ihavetoprolongmystayhereforanotherthreedays.我必須在這里繼續(xù)呆三天Youshouldnothaveprolongedtheceremony.你本不該延長(zhǎng)儀式的時(shí)間。B.throes：agony痛苦。如；indeaththroes處于臨終痛苦。12.holdout：continuetolast堅(jiān)持，挺住。如：Canyouholdoutmuchlonger你能再堅(jiān)持一段時(shí)間嗎13.administertoappleasaremedy施用。如：administerlaws執(zhí)行法律。Thedoctoradministeredsomememedicinetothegirl.醫(yī)生給女孩施用了一些藥。14.complywith：actinaccordancewithwishes，requirementsorconditions遵守（意愿，要求或條件等）。如；Yououghttocomplywiththerules/thedemands/thelaw/therequests.你應(yīng)該遵守規(guī)章/命令/法律/要求。15.posedanger造成危險(xiǎn)。Pose：causesth.toexist導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)生。另如：poseproblems引起問題。16.bycontrast相比之下。Bycontrast，hisbrotherisquiteeasygoing.相比之下，他的兄弟比較好相處。17.usherin：herald預(yù)報(bào)，宣告。如；usherinanewageofprosperity宣告新的繁榮時(shí)期的到來。Therisingsunusheredinanewday.太陽的升起宣告新的一天開始了。Thecuckoousheredinspring.布谷鳥宣布春天到來。LessonFive：I'dratherbeblackthanfemale1.I'drather……than：prefer……to……如：I'dratherdealwithasimplemanthanasophisticatedman.我寧愿與純樸的人打交道，不愿與世故的人交往。Ihadratherneverhavebeenbornthanseethisdayofhumiliation.我寧愿自己未曾出生，也不愿遭受今天的恥辱。Iwould（had）rather……但愿（+that從句中用過去式）。如：Iwouldratherhedidn'ttellheraboutit.我真希望他不告訴她這件事。Ihadratheryoudiditalone.但愿你一人做。2.Handicap：1）anydisadvantagethatmakessuccessmoredifficult.不利的因素。如：Badhealthisahandicap.身體不好是不利因素。HislackofEnglishisagreathandicaptohim.他不懂英語對(duì)他是一大缺陷。2）aphysicalormentaldisability殘疾。如：Blindnessisagreathandicap.眼瞎是一大殘疾。3.atonceatthesametime；simultaneously同時(shí)。如：It'shardforonetodotwothingsatonce.人很難同時(shí)做兩件事。4.eliminate：getridof；remove消除。如：toeliminatepoverty根除貧窮；eliminatetheprejudice消除偏見。5.brainwash洗腦。如：Don'tlettelevisioncommercialsbrainwashyouintobuyinganythingyouactuallydon'tneed.別讓電視廣告引誘你購(gòu)買自己實(shí)際不需要的東西。6.invariably：always常常，總是。如：It'sinvariablywetwhentheytaketheirholidays.他們度假時(shí)總是下雨。Hisintuitionisinvariablycorrect.他的直覺總是對(duì)的。7.Campaign：aconnectsetofactionstoobtainaparticularresultinpoliticsorbusiness（社會(huì)，政治，選舉）運(yùn)動(dòng)；游說，宣傳活動(dòng)。如：anelectioncampaign選舉活動(dòng)；anadvertisingcampaign廣告宣傳；acampaigntocombatcrime防止犯罪運(yùn)動(dòng)。8.stereotype：aconventional，oversimplifiedconception陳腔濫調(diào)；陳規(guī)，老套，固定的現(xiàn)象。如：Hefitsthestereotypeofa'scholar'。他是典型的''學(xué)者''。Theideaisanold-fashionedstereotype.這觀點(diǎn)是老一套了。9.Predominate：besuperiorinnumbers，etc.占多數(shù)的。如：Greenspredominatedinthepicture.綠色植物是畫中最醒目的。predominateover勝過。10.mol