名詞學(xué)案【知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖】類別意義例詞專有名詞表達(dá)人、地方、事物、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等名稱China,theGreatWall,普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞表達(dá)個(gè)體的人或事物的詞dictionary,pencil,table集體名詞表達(dá)一群人或某些事物的詞family,police,class,group不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表達(dá)構(gòu)成多個(gè)物體的物質(zhì)或材料的詞rice,glass,water,paper抽象名詞表達(dá)狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等抽象概念的詞Health,love,interestStep1：lead-inWhatnounscanyouthinkof?Writethemdown.Step2：SeeandFindLetusseesomewordsandfindsomerulesaboutcountablenounsanduncountablenouns.cake-cakesbed-bedsapple-applesBus-busesbox-boxeswatch-watchesdish-dishesBaby-babiescity-citiescountry-countriesToy-toysmonkey-monkeysLife-livesleaf-leavesMan-menwoman-womenfoot-feettooth-teethfish-fishsheep-sheepChinese-ChineseMouse-miceZoo-zoosradio-radioshero-heroespotato-potatoestomato-tomatoesRules:（一）名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成形式的部分規(guī)則變化：狀況構(gòu)成方式例詞普通狀況加-scake-cakes;bed-beds以-s,-x,-sh,-ch等結(jié)尾的詞加-esbus-buses;box-boxes;watch-watches以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i,加-esbaby-babies;city-cities以元音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞加-stoy-toys;monkey-monkeys以f(fe)結(jié)尾的詞變f(fe)為vesleaf-leaves;life-lives不規(guī)則變化變化單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母man-men;woman-women;foot-feet;tooth-teeth單復(fù)數(shù)形式相似fish;sheep;deer;Chinese;Japanese其它形式mouse-mice（二）某國(guó)人變復(fù)數(shù)1、中國(guó)人aChinese-Chinese2、英國(guó)人anEnglishman-Englishmen3、阿拉伯人anArab-Arabs口訣：中日不變英法變，其它s加背面（三）以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，有些在詞尾加-es,它們是“黑人英雄愛(ài)吃土豆西紅柿”。如：Negro-Negroeshero-heroes而普通在詞尾加-s。如：zoo-zoosradio-radios（四）manteacher-menteachersboystudent-boystudentsWords:Paper-apieceofpapertea-twocupsofteanews-threepiecesofnewscoke-sevencansofcokeRules:表達(dá)辦法：數(shù)詞或冠詞+計(jì)量名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞Words:experienceexercisefoodsaladdifficulty...Somenounscanbebothcountableanduncountable,buttheyhavedifferentmeanings.Step3DoandFindLet’sdosomeexercisesandfindsomerulesaboutpossessivecase.1.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________to

hishome.A.25minutes'walk

B.25minute'swalkC.25minutewalk

D.25minuteswalk2.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.A.room'snumber

B.rooms'number

C.roomnumbers

D.rooms'numbers3.________motherscouldn'tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPeter's

B.MaryandPeterC.Mary'sandPeter

D.Mary'sandPeter's4.---Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!A.myfatherandmother

B.mymotherandfather'sC.mymother'sandfather's

D.myfather'sandmymother5.TodayisSeptember10th.It's__________Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.Teachers

B.Teachers'

C.theTeachers'

D.Teacher'sRules:（一）名詞全部格表達(dá)名詞之間的全部關(guān)系。兩種表達(dá)形式：’s全部格和of全部格。BeijingisChina’scapital.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.（二）用and連接兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表達(dá)共有關(guān)系，這是只在最后一種名詞后加’s。ThisisMaryandhersister’sbedroom.這是瑪麗和她姐姐的房間。用and連接兩個(gè)并列名詞，表達(dá)分別擁有各自的物品時(shí)，兩個(gè)名詞都在詞尾加’s。TheseareTom’sandMary’sbags.這些是湯姆和瑪麗的包。（三）以-s結(jié)尾的名詞，在s后加“’”；不以s結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加’s教師節(jié)Teachers’Day小朋友節(jié)Children’sDayStep4LearnandUseLet’sdosomeexercises,thenchecktheanswersandcorrectthemistakestogether.中考真題：1.（四川自貢）---Whatelsedoweneedtomakecoldbeef?---__________.A.TwospoonssaltB.TwospoonsofsaltsC.TwospoonsofsaltD.Twosalts2.（四川達(dá)州）---Hello,Lucy,pleasegivemesome____onhowtoimprovemyEnglish!----You’dbetterkeep_____moreEnglishbooks.advices;readB.advice;readC.advice;readingD.advices;reading3.（四川涼山州）Hurryup!Some________and__________areonsaleinthesupermarket.A.tomato;eggB.tomatoes;eggC.tomatoes;eggsD.tomato;eggs4.（湖南益陽(yáng)）Lookatthetwo_________overthere.Theyareteachingthegirlstoplaytheguitar.A.womenteachersB.womanteachersC.womanteacherD.womenteacher5.（哈爾濱）Timgotfour____fromhisrelativesonChildren’sDayA.toyB.toysC.toiesD.toy6.（甘肅天水）---Look!Theyare_______---Yes.Weareproudofthem.manscientistB.womenscientistsC.womanscientistsD.manscientists7.（甘肅天水）Afterplayingfootballformorethanhalfanhour,thestudentstook_____rest.A.afewminute'sB.alittleminute'sC.afewminutes'D.alittleminutes'8.（山東臨沂）IfIleavemyhouseat9o'clockanddrivetotheairport,I'llarriveatabout11.Soit'sabouttwo_______drivefrommyhousetotheairport.A.hours'B.hour'sC.hours9.（江蘇連云港）OnApril24,XieWenjunracedtogoldinthe_______110-meterhurdlesattheAsianAthleticsChampionshipsinQatarA.manB.menC.men'sD.mens'10.（四川眉山）Upstairsare________bedrooms.Theyaretidyandnice.