NEIE

Book

3--Unit

2The

Road

AheadIdentify

a

writer"s

audience

andpurpose·

Identify

a

writer’s

audience

and

purposeso

that

you

can

better

understand

why

awriter

includes

certain

information

andpresents

it

in

a

certain

way.

Good

writersconsider

their

audience

(the

people

theyare

writing

to)

and

their

purpose

(thereason

or

the

reasons

for

writing).

Awriter’s

audience

is

evident

by

thelanguage

or

content

that

the

writer

uses.·

Writers

have

different

purposes.

They

maywant

to

inform

their

readers

(objective)

opersuade

them

to

change

their

minds

ortake

certain

actions

(subjective),

orproduce

a

certain

emotional

response(subjective).Apply

the

Strategy

1.

According

to

paragraph

1

of

“Site-seeing

onthe

Internet”,

who

is

(are)

the

writer’saudience?

Make

a

possible

list

of

possibleaudiences.

2.According

to

paragraph

1, what

is

thewriter’s

purpose?

3.Does

the

sentence

“

‘Site-seeing

on

theInternet’

is

a

US

government

publication”

helpyou

identify

the

audience

and

purpose

of

thepublication?Example

1

:How

to

learn

English

well?

I

think

,

at

first,reading

isamust,as

we

all

know,

Englishisa

communication

tool,

so

reading

to

English

is

what

water

to

a

fish.

Secondly,

writingshouldn’t

be

forgotten

,

as

long

as

you

writesomething

even

everything

interesting

ormeaningful

around

you

,

then

your

Englishwill

become

better

and

better.

Thirdly---Can

you

imagine

the

audience

andpurpose

of

such

a

passage?

Have

a

try.·

The

writer

tries

to

persuade

Englishlearners

to

learn

it

as

said

in

the

passageThus

the

language

used

there

is

quitesubjective.

And

the

topic

there

is

focusedon

English

learning.Use

figurative

language·

Figures

of

speech(修辭):when

we

usewords

in

other

than

their

ordinary

or

litesense

to

lend

force

to

an

idea,to

heighteneffect,or

to

create

suggestive

imagery,ware

said

to

be

speaking

or

writingfiguratively.Observing

how

figurativelanguage

is

used

will

help

you

identify

thwriter’s

meaning.·

There

are

several

forms

of

figures

ofspeech:simile/metaphor/hyperbole夸張/metonymy借喻/synecdoche提喻/irony反語/personification/pun雙關(guān)/

synaesthesia通感,復(fù)合感覺

Love

is

food

for

the

soul,

but

jealousy

ispoison.The

ground

is

thirsty

and

starving．(dry)To

drink

like

fish （狂飲）

We

can’t

say

that

his

heart

is

not

so

darkas

hell.

When

I

first

saw

her．My

soul

began

toquiver．(I

began

to

fall

in

love)·

Site-Seeing

on

the

InternetBackground

informationTopic-related

words

and

terms·

Netizen

網(wǎng)民 cyberspace

網(wǎng)絡(luò)Digiteer計(jì)算機(jī)能手blogger

開博客的人cyber

crime網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪

virus

infection感染病毒Cyber

word/cyber

speak網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語hacker 黑客 virtual

space

虛擬空間surf

the

Internet

上網(wǎng)沖浪 spam

/

junk

mailget

addicted

to

the

Internet上網(wǎng)成癮thread/thread

starter

帖子/樓主online

love

affair/finger

love網(wǎng)戀system

halted

死機(jī) green

hand

菜鳥

Antivirus 抗病毒軟件 computer

breakdown

電腦故障

network

meltdown

網(wǎng)絡(luò)癱瘓

onlinetransaction

網(wǎng)上交易

Internet

addict

網(wǎng)癮者

cause

the

meltdown

of

the

Internet

導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)癱瘓

The

domain

names

:

com.

(commercial

enterprises)

edu.

(educational

institution)

g(government) net.

(network)

org.

(nonprofitorganization) mil.

(military

institution)What

is

the

Internet

?The

Internet

is

a

worldwide,

publicly

accessibleseries

of

interconnected

computer

networks

thattransmit

data

by

packet

switching

using

thestandard

Internet

Protocol

(IP).

It

is

a

“networof

networks”

that

consists

of

millions

of

smalledomestic,

academic,

business,

and

governmentnetworks，which

together

carry

variousinformation

and

services，such

as

electronicmail,

online

chat,

file

transfer,

and

the

interliweb

pages

and

other

resources

of

the

WorldWide

Web

(WWW).What

is

the

Cyberspace

?Cyberspace

is

a

term

originated

by

authorWilliam

Gibson

(威廉·吉布森)in

his

noveNeuromancer《神經(jīng)漫游者》in

1984.Theword

Cyberspace

is

currently

used

todescribe

the

whole

range

of

informationresources

available

through

computernetworks.Discussion·How

can

we

travel

in

cyberspacesafely

?

Recent

years

have

witnessed

a

rapiddevelopment

of

the

cyber

industry

andsome

newly-emerging

words

have

comeinto

everyday

use.

This

situation

hasposed

a

very

serious

and

profoundproblem

for

us

:

how

can

we

travel

incyberspace

safely

?

In

my

mind,

there

are

two

factors

weshould

bear

in

mind

when

we

surf

on

theInternet.·

First,

we

should

not

let

our

personalinformation

be

known

to

any

strangers

onthe

Internet,

such

as

our

ID

and

credit

carnumbers,

as

well

as

our

passwords.

Withthe

further

development

of

the

Internet,some

cyber

deceptions

may

appear

to

bevery

authoritative;

therefore,

we

shouldvery

cautious

whenever

we

are

online.Second,

when

we

are

buying

something·

online,

we

should

be

particularly

carefulwith

the

shopping

procedures

and

we

hadbetter

go

to

an

official

website

which

hasgood

credibility

and

reliability.

Only

inway

we

can

avoid

being

cheated

and

getthe

satisfactory

goods

and

services

wedesire.Language

Points

Linger

over:細(xì)細(xì)思考,細(xì)細(xì)欣賞;停留在,慢吞吞地做.

Questions

linger

over

the

cancellation

ofthe

negotiation.Linger

over

one’s

work磨洋工

You’ve

lingered

long

enough

overbreakfast.

Eat

it

up.

Venture:v.冒險(xiǎn),敢于;n.風(fēng)險(xiǎn),冒險(xiǎn)(事業(yè))投機(jī).

·Nothing

ventured,nothing

gained.(不入穴,焉得虎子)

When

darkness

fell,

the

hunter

wouldventure

out．

She

paused

before

venturing

up

the

stepsto

the

door．

I

venture

to

ask

if

anything

sprang

upbetween

you.

They

ventured

their

lives

in

exploring

(texplore)

the

desert.

He

ventured

large

sums

of

money

onspeculative

stocks.

He

is

too

timid

to

venture

upon

a

newundertaking.·

Access

to

sth.

/

obtain

access

(to

sth.)

Access:n.入口,通道,接近或使用…(的機(jī)會或權(quán)利);v.進(jìn)入,獲取.

The

only

access

to

the

farmhouse

isacross

the

fields．Students

have

full

access

to

all

resourcesI

demanded

access

to

a

telephone.

Citizens

may

have

free

access

to

thelibrary.We

can"t

access

the

Internet.

She

access

three

different

files

to

find

tcorrect

information.·他是一個(gè)很好接近的人。He

is

a

man

of

easy

access.Block

access

to:封鎖

Tailor:v.to

build

or

make

as

the

buyerspecifies;n.裁縫.He

wears

a

beautifully

tailored

suit.我們能調(diào)整我們的設(shè)計(jì)以滿足你的要求。

We

can

tailor

our

design

to

meet

yourrequest.·

你得量入為出。

You

have

to

tailor

your

spending

to

yourincome.This

tailor

is

famous

for

making

good

suit…

collect

a

complete

picture

of

…

(Para.6):完全了解

Highlight:v.照亮,使…突出明顯,使…顯得重要,強(qiáng)調(diào);n.精彩部分,亮點(diǎn),最重要的部分

Please

use

the

cursor

to

highlight

theimportant

words

in

this

text．你的簡歷應(yīng)該突出強(qiáng)調(diào)你的技能和成績。

Your

resume

should

highlight

your

skillsand

achievements．

Matches

flared,

momentarily

highlightingthe

faces.去年美俄貿(mào)易以谷物為主。

Grain

highlighted

U.S.-Russian

trade

lasyear.出口活躍顯出經(jīng)濟(jì)在好轉(zhuǎn)。

Brisk

exports

highlight

the

upturn

of

theeconomy.我們旅游中最有意思的活動就是參觀宮殿。

The

highlight

of

our

tour

was

seeing

thepalace.Defraud

:

v.

to

cheat

She

is

defrauded

of

her

money

by

adishonest

accountant.He

defrauded

the

author

of

his

property.Disrupt:v.干擾，打斷，防礙，使分裂破裂

The

bad

weather

has

seriously

disruptedsupplies

of

food.政府采取了重要措施去瓦解來自恐怖主義的威脅。

The

government

took

decisive

steps

todisrupt

any

threats

from

the

terrorists.

Converse:n.相反的事物；adj.相反的，逆的；v.交談(to

converse

with

sb.)

He

says

she

is

satisfied,

but

I

believe

thconverse

to

be

true:

she

is

verydissatisfied.

I

believe

the

converse

of

what

you

aresaying.This

statement

is

converse

to

that

one.Entail:v.使必需，使承擔(dān)，帶來.This

job

entails

a

lot

of

hard

work.

Such

a

large

investment

inevitably

entailsome

risk.此項(xiàng)改變將為他帶來每月五十英磅的花費(fèi)。

This

alteration

would

entail

an

expendituof

50

pounds

on

him

every

month.·

Attachment(to):n.附件，附屬物，忠誠，依戀，依賴.Please

send

your

resume

by

attachment.她現(xiàn)在隸屬于國防部。

She"s

on

attachment

to

the

Ministry

ofDefense.We

should

not

doubt

against

hisattachment

to

the

company.Scramble:v.&

n.混亂，攀爬，爭奪.

How

can

you

scramble

up

such

a

steephillside?People

were

scrambling

madly

for

shelter.To

scramble

some

eggs炒雞蛋Foolproof:adj.不會出錯(cuò)的,簡單的,安全無比的,可靠的,易懂的,易操作的,很不錯(cuò)的.There

is

no

foolproof

way

to

beat

virusattack

for

now.

foolproof(or

user-friendly)camera;insautomatic

camera傻瓜相機(jī)a

foolproof

method

/

plan

/

scheme萬無一失的方法、計(jì)畫、方案.

Chances

are

your

Internet…on

its

website．(Para．2)

Chances

(The

chances)

are

that-

It

ispossible／likely

thatChances

are

that

the

guest

team

will

win．

The

chances

are

that

they

will

be

late

asusual．

Be

(well／fully／acutely)

aware

(that

/

ohow

/

when

/

what)

:He

is

aware

of

her

presence.

I

am

not

aware

how

long

he

has

livedhere.Discourse

analysis

of

Reading

1

Section

1：(Para．1)Introduction

to

theInternet．

Section

2：(Para．2—14)Common

sense

andknowledge

are

your

best

travel

companions.

1)

Getting

the

most

from

your

travel．(Para．2—3)

Travel

tip：A

little

planning

goes

a

long

wayon

the

Internet

2)

Information--the

accuracy

of

cyberspace(Para．4—6)

Travel

tip：As

you

enter

a

website，look

for

a

privacy

policy

that

answers

yourquestions

about accuracy,

access,

security，

and

protection

of

personal

information,

as

well

ahow

that

information

will

be

used，and

whetherit

will

be

provided

to

third

parties．3)

Maintaining

privacy

when

you

travel.

(Para．7—9)

Travel

tip：Be

sure

to

know

who

you’re“talking”

to．

4)Travel

insurance

for

Cyberspace.(Para.1

0—14)

More

travel

tips．

Section

3：(Para．15—36)

Cyberspeak--learning

the

language．·Clone

FarmKeys

to

Exercises

(Reading

2)I.

Comprehension

of

the

Text1.

1)

d

iv

2)

c

i

3)

a

iii

4)

b

ii2.

(as

written

in

Reading

2)II.

Vocabulary

1)

farmers

2)

producers

3)

prospect

4)vision

5)

teaming

up

with

6)

mass-producing

7)

genetically

modified

8)embryos

9)

vulnerable

10)

victimsLanguage

Points

Scale

:

n.

1)

the

size

or

level

of

somethior

the

amount

of

something

We

had

underestimated

the

scale

of

theproblem．on

a

large／small／grand,

etc．scale

There

has

been

housing

development

on

amassive

scale

since

1980.Most

alternative

technologies

work

best

oa

small

scale．多層次的調(diào)查全面展示了受損的狀況.

A

structural

survey

revealed

the

full

scaof

the

damage．

2)

a

whole

range

of

different

people

orthings，from

the

lowest

level

to

thehighest

Some

rural

schools

have

50

pupils，whileat

the

other

end

of

the

scale

are

cityschools

with

nearly

5000

pupils．她逐漸提升自己的社會地位。

She

gradually

made

her

way

up

the

socialscale．

Scale

up增加/scale

down/scale

back減少,減小

Alarm

:

v.1)

to

make

someone

feel

worriedor

frightened

I

don’t

want

to

alarm

you，but

I

can’tfind

the

key．

n.2)

a

piece

of

equipment

that

makes

aloud

noise

to

warn

you

of

dangera

burglar／fire／smoke

alarm

3)

a

feeling

of

fear

or

worry

becausesomething

bad

or

dangerous

mighthappen

There

is

growing

alarm

in

the

increase

incrime．She

looked

up

in

alarm．

Vulnerable:弱小的,脆弱的,易受…的,有缺點(diǎn)的.The

potato

is

vulnerable

to

several

pests·她很年輕，易受騙上當(dāng)。She

is

very

young

and

vulnerable

to

fraud.·她感到自己孤立無助，非常脆弱。

She

was

left

feeling

exposed

andvulnerable.

Put

someone

off:使…反感,使…受打擾,讓等待.

It

puts

me

off

when

you

watch

me

all

thetime.

When

he

calls,

put

him

off

as

long

as

youcan.His

arrogance

really

puts

me

off.Envisage:v.想像,設(shè)想.你估計(jì)什么時(shí)候能夠還錢給我?

When

do

you

envisage

being

able

to

payme

back?We

had

not

envisaged

that

the

situationwould

get

so

bad.He

had

not

envisaged

the

matter

in

thatlight.Roll

off:印出，產(chǎn)出，復(fù)制出.Roll

out:鋪開，滾出，用洪亮的聲音說出.Roll

in:滾滾而來，蜂擁而至，盡情享受（錢等）.

Roll

up:卷起，把…裹起來，累積成，到達(dá)出現(xiàn)，（煙霧等）升起.To

roll

out

the

red

carpet

for

sb.Be

rolling

in

ease過安逸的生活To

roll

up

one’s

sleeves

/

the

umbrellaTo

roll

the

child

up

in

the

blanketTo

roll

up

a

huge

fortuneWriting

KnowledgeParagraph

Organization—Classification

To

make

each

classification

from

oneperspective,

or

based

on

one

criterion

/

toinclude

all

possible

cases

in

yourclassification

/

to

introduce

the

factors

to

beclassified,

the

criterion

for

classification,how

many

categories

there

will

be

/

todescribe

each

category

/

to

make

furtherclassifications

within

each

category

ifnecessary.Language

you

can

use

inclassifications

(on

page

40)Sample

for

reference

(on

page

41)Writing

Strategy

Budget

your

time

efficiently

whenwritingyour

essay

Before

you

start

working

on

your

writingassignment,

it

is

highly

recommended

thatyou

work

out

a

working

schedulethat

youand

your

instructor

agree

upon

.

You

shouldfollow

the

schedule

unswerving

and

firmly

soas

to

complete

parts

of

the

assignment

stepby

step

.

Then

you

can

be

sure

to

completeyour

assignment

ontime.Translation

StrategyFree

from

the

original

textExamples

given

in

our

textbook

(onpage

42-43)·

When

he

might

well

have

acted

withboldness，he

found

himself

filled

withdoubts，scruples

and

equivocations，in

addition

to

the

ordinary

fears

of

alover．當(dāng)他可以大膽行動的時(shí)候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己除了一個(gè)情人所具有的那種普通的害怕之外，心里充滿疑惑,顧慮和躊躇。等到他放膽去追求的時(shí)候，他覺得遲疑不定，顧慮重重。至于一般墮入情網(wǎng)的人常有的提心吊膽的心理，就更難免了。·

Yet

he

failed

somehow，in

spite

of

amediocrity

which

ought

to

have

insuredany

man

asuccess．然而不知怎么的，他失敗了，盡管他的平庸本該確保像他這樣人的成功。按理說，他這樣的庸才，正該發(fā)跡才是，可是不知為什么，只是不得意。·

There

were

many

forces

at

work,

whi