組合練(三十一)閱讀理解＋閱讀七選五Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·廣東六校高三聯(lián)考)HowcoolcanlibrariesbeinaneraofiPodsandKindles?Morethanyouthink.Onlyifyouknowwheretogo.CentralLibrary：Seattle，Washington，UnitedStatesTheCentralLibraryinSeattleismodernandfashionableandhastouristsfromaroundtheworldpayingvisitsandtakingtours.ItwasdesignedbyDutcharchitectRemKoolhaasandAmericandesignerJoshuaRamus.Toursbeganin2006,twoyearsafteritsopening.Thelibraryholdsvariousartexhibitions,booksigningsandotherevents,whilevisitorscanstopbytheChocolatecartforacoffeeandscanthroughthegiftshopanytime.TrinityCollegeLibrary:Dublin,IrelandTheTrinityCollegeLibraryinDublinisinIreland,foundedattheendofthe16thcenturybyQueenElizabethⅠ.Itisthelargestsinglelibraryintheworld,alsoknownastheLongRoom,whichcontainsmorethan200，000ofthelibrary'soldestbooks.TheLongRoomhousesoneoftheoldestharps(豎琴)inIreland.Datingtothe15thcentury,theoldharpisthemodelforthesymbolforeland.GeiselLibrary,UniversityofCalifornia:SanDiego,UnitedStatesAtfirstglance,itlookslikeaspaceship.ArchitectWilliamPereira,whohelpeddesignactualspacelaunchfacilitiesatCapeCanaveralinHouston,Texas,designedthelibraryin1970.Ithasbeenfeaturedinsci－fifilms,shortstoriesandnovels.Thelibraryhosts“DinnerintheLibrary”，whichinvitesreadersforcocktails,andalsospecialspeechesfromdistinguishedauthors.TUDelftLibrary:TheNetherlandsThelibraryattheDelftUniversityofTechnologywasconstructedin1997andhasmorethan862，000books,16，000magazinesubscriptionsanditsownmuseum.Thebuildingitselfexistsbeneaththeground,soyoucan'treallyseetheactuallibrary.Whatmakesitinterestingistheroof,whichisagrassyhill.Theroofcovers5，500squaremeters.Andithasbecomeoneofthemoststrikingandgreeneststructuresinthearea.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個設(shè)計獨特的圖書館。1．Whichofthefourlibrarieshasthelongesthistory?A．CentralLibrary.B．TrinityCollegeLibrary.C．GeiselLibrary.D．TUDelftLibrary.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CentralLibrary：Seattle，Washington,UnitedStates部分第三句“Toursbeganin2006,twoyearsafteritsopening.”；TrinityCollegeLibrary：Dublin，Ireland部分第一句中的“TheTrinityCollegeLibraryinDublinisinIreland,foundedattheendofthe16thcentury...”；GeiselLibrary,UniversityofCalifornia：SanDiego，UnitedStates部分第二句中的“designedthelibraryin1970”和TUDelftLibrary：TheNetherlands部分第一句中的“wasconstructedin1997”可知，TrinityCollege圖書館在16世紀(jì)末建立，是四個圖書館中歷史最悠久的。故選B。答案：B2．WhatmakesGeiselLibrarydifferentfromtheothersisthat．A．a(chǎn)spaceshipdesignerfoundedthelibraryB．ithasaroofofgrassyhillC．famouswritersoftendeliverspeechesthereD．itisthelargestsinglelibraryintheworld解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容尤其是關(guān)鍵句“Thelibraryhosts‘DinnerintheLibrary’，whichinvitesreadersforcocktails，andalsospecialspeechesfromdistinguishedauthors.”可知，Geisel圖書館會邀請一些著名作家在館內(nèi)演講，其他三個圖書館都沒有此類活動。故選C。答案：C3．InCentralLibrary,youcan.A．drinkcocktails B．buysouvenirsC．createpaintings D．bookevents解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句“Thelibraryholdsvariousartexhibitions，booksigningsandotherevents,whilevisitorscanstopbytheChocolatecartforacoffeeandscanthroughthegiftshopanytime.”可推知，游客在Central圖書館可以購買一些紀(jì)念品。故選B。答案：BBMostpeopleprobablywonderedwhowouldvoluntarilychoosetoliveinacooperativehousewith14otherpeople.WellIwould,andforme,it'soneofthebestdecisionsI'vemadeformyself.Thehousehasthreefloorsand15bedrooms.Ithascommunalspacessuchasthekitchen,bathrooms,livingroom,andabigolddiningroomtable,wherewetalk,laugh,disagree,playgames,learnfromeachother,andmostimportantlybreakbreadtogether.MyhousematesandIsharethehouseworkanddothecookcycle,whichgenerallymeanscookingdinnerforthehouseaboutonceeverytwoweeksandweattendweeklyhousemeetingswherewemakedecisionsabouttheoperationsofthehousetogether.WhatIworriedmostaboutatfirstwashowmysonmightfeelaboutthenewhousingsituation.Tomysurprise,heloveditbythefirstvisittothehouse!Hehasnevercomplainedaboutthishousebeingsmallerthanhisdad's.Oneofmyhousemateshastwochildrenathisage,sohenowhastwonewfriends.ThisisimportantformeasaparentbecauseIwanttoteachhimthathappinessdoesn'tcomefromthesizeofyourhome,butfromthelovethatisinside.WhenIlivedwitharoommateincollege,weneverdiscussedaboutanyagreementsonquiethours,cleaningupthecommunalareasandsoon.Everycauseofconflictduringthattimewasduetolackofcommunication.Onthecontrary,inourhousewetalkaboutandhavepoliciesonalmosteverything.Besideslesscostonhousing,I'mmoreconcernedabouttheconnectionwithotherpeoplethatIwaslongingfor.Cooperativelivingisn'tforeveryone,butwithincreasingcostsoflivinganddecreasingconnectionwithotherpeople,itcandefinitelybeagreatoptionformorepeople.[語篇解讀]這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了作者選擇群租房的生活方式，并且喜歡這種生活方式，強(qiáng)調(diào)溝通和規(guī)則的重要性，呼吁更多的人選擇這種生活方式。4．Whatmighttheunderlinedphrase“breakbread”inparagraph2mean?A．Havingdinner. B．Cookingdinner.C．Earningbread. D．Bakingbread.解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“MyhousematesandIsharethehouseworkanddothecookcycle,whichgenerallymeanscookingdinnerforthehouseaboutonceeverytwoweeks”可知，作者經(jīng)常和室友一起吃晚飯，故畫線短語意思為“吃晚飯”。故選A。答案：A5．Howdoesthesonfeelaboutlivinginthishouse?A．It'sfunwithnewfriends.B．It'ssmallandcrowded.C．It'sannoyingindiscussions.D．It'stiringtodocleaning.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Tomysurprise,heloveditbythefirstvisittothehouse！”可知，令我驚訝的是，他第一次參觀這所房子就愛上了它！由此可知，兒子覺得和新朋友住在這個房子里很有趣。故選A。答案：A6．Whydoestheauthormentionhercollegelife?A．Toconveythegratitudetoherroommates.B．Toexpresstheregretatthosewasteddays.C．Toshowtheimportanceofgoodrelationships.D．Tostressthenecessityofcommunicationandrules.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Everycauseofconflictduringthattimewasduetolackofcommunication.”可推知，作者提到她的大學(xué)生活是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)溝通和規(guī)則的必要性。故選D。答案：D7．Whatmattersmostfortheauthor'schoiceofcooperativeliving?A．Cuttingdownonlivingcost.B．Learningtobeindependent.C．Gettingconnectedwithpeople.D．Offeringahomeforherson.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Besideslesscostonhousing,I'mmoreconcernedabouttheconnectionwithotherpeoplethatIwaslongingfor.”可知，作者選擇合作生活，最重要的是與人交流。故選C。答案：CC(2021·濰坊模擬)Aninfectiousdiseaseisadiseasethatiscausedbytheinvasionofahostbypathogens(病原體)whoseactivitiesharmthehosttissuesandcanbespreadtootherindividuals.Microorganisms(微生物)capableofcausingdiseasearecalledpathogens.Atruepathogenisaninfectiousagentthatcausesdiseaseinanypossiblehost.Theterms“infection”and“disease”arequitedifferent.Inordertocausedisease,pathogensmustbeabletoenterthehostbody,sticktospecifichostcells,multiplyandinvadeanddodamagetohosttissues.Pathogensmaybespreadthrougheitherdirectorindirectcontact.Directcontactoccurswhenanindividualisinfectedbycontactwiththeinfectionsource.Italsoincludestakingintheinfectiousdropletsreleasedbysneezingorcoughing.Indirectcontactoccurswhenapathogencansurviveintheenvironmentoutsideitshostforalongperiodoftime.Solifelessobjectsthatarepollutedbydirectcontactwiththeinfectionsourcemaybetheindirectcontactforeasilyinfectedgroups.Publichealthmeasurestypicallyinvolvekillingthepathogenfromitssourceorfromitsrouteofspread.Thosemeasuresincludeensuringasafewatersupply,effectivelytreatingwastewater,andinitiatinganimalcontrolandvaccination(疫苗)programs,etc.Personally,thefirstlineofdefenseistokeeppathogensatbaybyfollowinggoodpersonalhygiene(衛(wèi)生)habits.Preventinfectionbeforeitbeginsandavoidspreadingittootherswithsomeeasymeasures,suchaswashinghands,gettingvaccinatedandsoon.Manneverstopsfightingagainstallkindsofinfectiousdiseases.Butinthepasttwodecadesatleastadozen“new”diseaseshavebeenidentified,andtraditionaldiseasesthatappearedtobe“ontheirwayout”arere－emerging.Globally,infectiousdiseasesremaintheleadingcauseofdeath.Clearly,thebattlehasnotbeenwon.Nevertheless,itisincreasinglydifficultformostofustodenytheclaimsofscience.Wearecontinuallypresentedwithgreatamountsofrelevantscientificandmedicalknowledge,whichencouragesustotakemoreresponsibilityforourownhealth.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了傳染病的概念、起因、傳染過程以及人們可采取的防護(hù)措施。8．Whatdoesparagraph2focuson?A．Originoftruepathogens.B．Natureofinfectiousdiseases.C．Strategiesforavoidingtissuedamage.D．Differencesbetweeninfectionanddisease.解析：段落大意題。第二段主要講病原體的概念以及它導(dǎo)致傳染病的原理，即解釋了傳染病的本質(zhì)，故B項最能概括本段大意。答案：B9．Whatislikelytocausediseasespreadthroughindirectcontact?A．Gettingbittenbyaninfecteddog.B．Playingwithtoysasickchildplayedwith.C．Breathingintinydropsfromsneezing.D．Shakinghandswithaninfectedperson.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Indirectcontactoccurswhenapathogencansurviveintheenvironmentoutsideitshostforalongperiodoftime.Solifelessobjectsthatarepollutedbydirectcontactwiththeinfectionsourcemaybetheindirectcontactforeasilyinfectedgroups.”可知，當(dāng)病原體可以在宿主之外的環(huán)境中長期生存時，就會發(fā)生間接接觸。因此，對易感染群體而言，因直接接觸感染源而被污染的無生命物體可能會造成間接接觸(傳播)。由此可推知，間接接觸傳播指間接接觸了被污染的物品所造成的傳播，只有B項符合間接接觸傳播的特征。答案：B10．Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedphrase“atbay”inparagraph4?A．Atrisk. B．Offcourse.C．Undercontrol. D．Withinreach.解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線短語所在句及下文中的“Preventinfectionbeforeitbeginsandavoidspreadingit...andsoon.”可推斷，此處表示第一道防線是通過遵循良好的個人衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣來控制病原體，阻止病原體的傳播。故C項Undercontrol“處于控制之下”能解釋畫線短語的意義。答案：C11．Whatdoesthelastparagraphimply?A．Manisatalossaboutinfectiousdiseases.B．Traditionalinfectiousdiseasesaredyingout.C．Sciencecountsindefeatinginfectiousdiseases.D．Thebattleagainstinfectiousdiseasesisinvain.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“itisincreasinglydifficultformostofustodenytheclaimsofscience...ourownhealth”可知，科學(xué)在戰(zhàn)勝傳染病方面很重要。答案：CD(2021·閩粵贛三省十二校聯(lián)考)Whenyoudon'thaveacarandneedtogetaround，areyoumorelikelytocallforanUberoraLyft，oracab?LastFriday,Lyft,theride－sharingcompany,wentpublicasitsstocks(股票)startedtradingonthemarket.Lyfthasbecomethefirsttomakeabiginitialpublicofferingofthe“gigeconomy”age.Whilethecompanyisnotmakingprofitsyet,itischangingthemeaningofwork.Whatisgigeconomyandwhatmakesitsoappealing?Gigworkissimilartopart－timejobs.Inthegigeconomy,companieshireindependentcontractorsinsteadoffull－timeemployees.Thisisdifferentfromtraditionalcompanieswherefull－timeworkershavealifetimecareer.Inthepast,onlysmallcompanieshiredcontractors,whiletoday,employerslikeAmazonrelyonthetemporaryworkforce.Thesecompaniessavecostsastheyarenotlegallyrequiredtoprovidehealthcarebenefits,retirementsavingsorpaidtimeofftogigworkers.Gigworkappealstodifferentpeoplefordifferentreasons.Forsome,itaffordsflexibletimingsandforotherswhoarelookingforfull－timejobs，itprovidesasourceofincometosupportthemselves.Somepeopleworkafull－timejobandsupplementtheirsalarywithgigjobssuchasdrivingforUberorLyft.Joiningthegigeconomymaybesimple,butmaintainingasteadycareeriseasiersaidthandone.Gigworkcomeswithunsteadypayandworkloads.You'reyourownboss.Itsoundsfun,butwhenyouhavenoself－controlandanunsteadyjob，youmightsplurgeallyourmoneythefirstweekandliveonbreadpiecesfortherestofthemonth!Besidesastrongsenseofresponsibility,gigworkershavetostayuptodatetogetcompaniestohirethem.Despitethechallengesgigworkersface，nearly60millionAmericansarepartofthisworkforce.Asthisnumbergrows,wehavetoseehowsocietyandcompaniesadapttothisnewworldofwork![語篇解讀]本文介紹了一種新型職業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式——零工經(jīng)濟(jì)。由于其靈活性，吸引了不同的人群，但該經(jīng)濟(jì)模式也面臨著很多挑戰(zhàn)。12．WhatcanbelearntaboutLyftfromthepassage?A．Ithasmadealargefortune.B．Itmarksthearrivalofthegigeconomyage.C．Itemploysafixednumberoffull－timedrivers.D．Itappealstopeopleasameansofpublictransport.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Lyfthasbecomethefirsttomakeabiginitialpublicofferingofthe‘gigeconomy’age.”可知，Lyft已經(jīng)成為“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)”時代的第一個大型的首次公開募股的公司，從而可推知Lyft標(biāo)志著“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)”時代的到來。由第一段中的“thecompanyisnotmakingprofitsyet”可知A項錯誤；C項和D項文中未提及。答案：B13．Whoaremostlikelytobecomegigworkers?A．Peopleseekingforasteadyincome.B．Thosedesperatetogetpaidvacations.C．Peopleinneedofflexibleworkinghours.D．Thoseconcernedaboutretirementaccounts.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Forsome，itaffordsflexibletimingsandforotherswhoarelookingforfull－timejobs，itprovidesasourceofincometosupportthemselves.”可知，對一些人來說，它提供了靈活的時間安排，對那些正在尋找全職工作的人來說，它提供了一個收入來源來養(yǎng)活自己，由此可推知，需要彈性工作時間的人最有可能成為零工工作者。由第四段中的“Gigworkcomeswithunsteadypay...”可知A項錯誤；由第二段中的“Thesecompaniessavecostsastheyarenotlegallyrequiredtoprovidehealthcarebenefits，retirementsavingsorpaidtimeofftogigworkers.”可知，這些公司節(jié)省了成本，因為他們不需要向臨時工提供醫(yī)療福利，退休儲蓄或帶薪休假；由此可知，B、D兩項錯誤。答案：C14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“splurge”inparagraph4mean?A．Spendmoneyrandomly.B．Depositmoneyautomatically.C．Earnmoneyquickly.D．Allocatemoneyfreely.解析：詞義猜測題。結(jié)合畫線詞后的“andliveonbreadpiecesfortherestofthemonth”可推測，“splurgeallyourmoney”意為“揮霍完你所有的錢”。A項“隨意花錢”，B項“自動存款”，C項“快速賺錢”，D項“自由分配錢”。A項切題。答案：A15．Whatisthemessagemainlyconveyedinthepassage?A．Gigworkershavetofacesomepotentialchallenges.B．Gigworkershavetopossesssomemuch－neededqualities.C．Theappearanceofgigcompanieswillsolvethejobproblems.D．Peopleshouldadjusttonewworktrendswiththeriseofgigcompanies.解析：主旨大意題。結(jié)合最后一段中的“Asthisnumbergrows，wehavetoseehowsocietyandcompaniesadapttothisnewworldofwork！”可知，隨著這個數(shù)字的增長，我們必須看到社會和公司如何適應(yīng)這個新的工作世界；再結(jié)合全文講述“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)”的興起可推知，隨著“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)”公司的興起，人們應(yīng)該適應(yīng)新的工作趨勢。答案：DⅡ.閱讀七選五(2021·泰安高考模擬)Howtoliveahappylife?Thefollowingsuggestionsmaybeofgreathelptoyou.Keeppositive.16Optimistshavea35%lesschanceofhavingaheartattackorstroke,aremorelikelytoeatahealthydietandexerciseregularly,havestrongerimmunesystemsandevenlivelonger.Ifyoufaceachallengeorobstacle,you'remorelikelytoseeitasatemporaryorevenoptimisticthing,allowingyoutolearnandgrow.Startvolunteering.17Itcanreducetheriskofcognitive(認(rèn)知的)disorder.Itcanevenhelpuslivelonger.Evenifyouhavelittletimetooffer,justtheactofgivinghasbeenshowntoimproveyourhealth,possiblybytemporarilyreducingyoursenseofpain.Begrateful.Countingourblessingsprotectsusagainstanxietyanddepressionandboostsoptimism.Oneofthebestwaystomakethankfulnessapartofyourlifeistokeepajournal.18Keepinggratitudeandrecordingyourgooddeedsmayhelpyoulivehappily.19Peoplewho