構(gòu)詞法(word-formation)第一頁(yè)1第二頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。合成法(compound)一、概念

將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞合成一個(gè)新詞的構(gòu)詞法稱為合成法。二、方法

1.直接寫在一起bedroom,newspaper,horseback

2.用連字符(-)連接part-time,good-looking,second-hand

3.由兩個(gè)分開的詞構(gòu)成blacklist,blacksea,blacksheep三、類別1.合成名詞

2.合成動(dòng)詞

3.合成形容詞4.合成副詞和合成代詞第二頁(yè)2第三頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。合成名詞方式例詞名詞+名詞football,notebook,seafood,hand-book...形容詞+名詞blackboard,first-class,greenhouse…動(dòng)名詞+名詞waiting-room,writing-desk,sleepingbag..動(dòng)詞+名詞pickpocket,turn-coat,sleepwalker…副詞+名詞income,overcoat,inland…代詞+名詞he-goat,she-wolf…名詞+介詞+名詞father-in-law,editor-in-chief…動(dòng)詞+副詞take-off,breakup,breakdown…副詞+動(dòng)詞output,download,overflow…第三頁(yè)3第四頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。合成動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成方式例詞名詞+動(dòng)詞sleepwalk,waterski,daydream,sunbathe…副詞+動(dòng)詞overcome,overeat,upload,uphold…形容詞+副詞whitewash,quick-charge,blacklist,ill-treat…其它方式blow-dry,spin-dry…夢(mèng)游滑水做白日夢(mèng)沐日光浴克服吃太多上傳維護(hù)刷白快速充電列入黑名單虐待吹干甩干第四頁(yè)4第五頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。合成形容詞構(gòu)成方式

例詞過(guò)去分詞或-ed詞尾kind-hearted,middle-aged,new-born-ing詞尾good-looking,easy-going,man-eating形+名或名+形full-time,first-class,ice-cold,brand-new其它方式two-hour,out-door,up-hill,see-through好心的中年的新生的好看的隨和的吃人的全職的頭等的冰冷的全新的兩小時(shí)的戶外的上山的透明的第五頁(yè)5第六頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。合成副詞和合成代詞構(gòu)成方式例詞合成副詞empty-handed,single-handed,sidewayshowever,anywhere,downstairs合成代詞myself,himself,ourselvessomeone,anybody,nothing,everyone空手地單槍匹馬地向一邊然而任何地方往樓下我自己他自己我們自己某人任何人沒(méi)事每個(gè)人第六頁(yè)6第七頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。派生法(derivation)一、概念

通過(guò)加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞的方法叫派生法。二、方法1.加在前unhappy,impolite,asleep,endanger…2.加在后actor,hopeless,policeman,imagination…

3.既加前又加后unlucky,disagreement…三、類別

1.前綴(一般只改變?cè)~義，不改變?cè)~性)2.后綴(一般只改變?cè)~性，不改變?cè)~義)

第七頁(yè)7第八頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。常見前綴1—改變?cè)~類構(gòu)成方式例詞a.a-加在名詞前構(gòu)成形容詞或副詞asleep,aboard,aside…b.be-加在名詞或形容詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞befriend,bewitch,behead…c.em-加在名詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞embark,embed,empower…d.en-加在名詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞endanger,encourage…e.en-加在形容詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞enrich,enlarge,endear…f.out-加在名詞或形容詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞outsmart,outnumber…睡著的在船上在旁邊幫助蠱惑砍頭使從事使嵌入使能夠危及鼓勵(lì)使富裕擴(kuò)大使親密智勝比…多第八頁(yè)8第九頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。常見前綴2—構(gòu)成反義構(gòu)成方式例詞un-unable,uncertain,unhappy,unluckily,undoil-illegal,illogical,illiterate…im-impolite,impossible,impatient…in-informal,independent,injustice…ir-irregular,irresponsible,irresistible…dis-disadvantage,disorder,dislike…不能的不確定的不幸地松開違法的不合邏輯的不識(shí)字的無(wú)禮的不可能的沒(méi)耐心的非正式的獨(dú)立的不公正不規(guī)則的不負(fù)責(zé)任的不可抗拒的缺點(diǎn)雜亂不喜歡第九頁(yè)9第十頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。常見前綴3—特定意思構(gòu)成方式例詞anti-(反)antiwar,anticancer,antipollution…auto-(自動(dòng))automatic,autotimer,auto-record…bi-(雙)bicycle,binoculars…centi-(百分之一的)centimeter,centigram,centigrade…co-(共同)co-operate,co-edit,co-exit…down(向下)downstairs,downhill,downwards…ex-(以前的)ex-wife,ex-lover,ex-husband…fore-(前部的)forehead,foreleg,forearm…full-(完全)full-time,full-speed,full-strength…第十頁(yè)10第十一頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。常見后綴1—名詞后綴后綴例詞-anAsian,American,Russian,African…-anceattendance,performance,assistance…-ationeducation,examination,pronunciation…-domfreedom,kingdom,wisdom,boredom…-encedifference,preference,existence…-erdiver,writer,dancer,reporter…-eseChinese,Japanese,Portuguese…-essactress,princess,goddess,hostess…-hoodchildhood,neighborhood,motherhood…-ianmagician,musician,historian…第十一頁(yè)11第十二頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。常見后綴1—名詞后綴后綴例詞-ionaction,decision,collection,creation…-istpianist,violinist,scientist,communist…-ityequality,majority…-manfireman,policeman,chairman,Englishman…-mentdevelopment,movement,arrangement…-nesshappiness,sadness,weakness…-oractor,sailor,visitor,director…-shipfriendship,leadership,ownership…-urepleasure,failure,pressure…workhomework,housework,schoolwork…第十二頁(yè)12第十三頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。常見后綴2—形容詞后綴后綴例詞-ablevaluable,miserable,comfortable,loveable…-alnational,original,cultural,logical…-anAmerican,African,Korean,Canadian…-antimportant,pleasant,ignorant,tolerant…-edexcited,interested,worried,bored…-enwoolen,golden,wooden,earthen…-entdifferent,dependent,existent,consistent…-icrealistic,poetic,historic,economic…第十三頁(yè)13第十四頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。常見后綴2—形容詞后綴后綴例詞-fulpeaceful,careful,helpful,useful…-ingexciting,convincing,interesting,amusing…-ishIrish,selfish,foolish,childish…-ivecreative,active,attractive,effective…-lesscareless,homeless,endless,useless…-lyfriendly,lovely,lively,early…-ousnervous,dangerous,furious,famous…-somelonesome,tiresome,troublesome,handsome…-yrainy,windy,dirty,cloudy…第十四頁(yè)14第十五頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。常見后綴3—副詞動(dòng)詞數(shù)詞后綴后綴例詞副詞后綴clearly,finally,usually,luckily…動(dòng)詞后綴widen,sharpen,simplify,notify,memorize,apologize…數(shù)詞后綴twenty,fourteen,ninth…第十五頁(yè)15第十六頁(yè)，共20頁(yè)。轉(zhuǎn)化法1(conversion)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞swim(游泳)swim(游泳)lie(說(shuō)謊)lie(謊言)snow(下雪)snow(雪)dream(做夢(mèng))dream(夢(mèng))water(澆水)water(水)