PracticeTest#1CriticalReasoning(72Questions)

1.

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Althoughfullerenes--sphericalmoleculesmadeentirelyofcarbon--werefirstfoundinthelaboratory,theyhavesincebeenfoundinnature,formedinfissuresoftheraremineralshungite. Sincelaboratorysynthesisoffullerenesrequiresdistinctiveconditionsoftemperatureandpressure,thisdiscoveryshouldgivegeologistsatestcaseforevaluatinghypothesesaboutthestateoftheEarth's

crustatthetimethesenaturallyoccurringfullereneswereformed.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyunderminestheargument?

(A)Confirmingthattheshungitegenuinelycontainedfullerenestookcarefulexperimentation.

(B)Somefullereneshavealsobeenfoundontheremainsofasmallmeteoritethatcollidedwitha

spacecraft.

(C)Themineralshungiteitselfcontainslargeamountsofcarbon,fromwhichthefullerenesapparently

formed.

(D)Thenaturallyoccurringfullerenesarearrangedinapreviouslyunknowncrystallinestructure.

(E)Shungiteitselfisformedonlyunderdistinctiveconditions.

2.

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Economist:Onaverage,theemergencytreatmentforanelderlypersonforinjuriesresultingfromafallcosts$11,000.Anewtherapeuticprogramcansignificantlyreduceanelderlyperson'schancesoffalling.Thoughobviouslydesirableformanyreasons,thistreatmentprogramwillcost$12,500and

thuscannotbejustified.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyunderminestheconclusionoftheargument?

(A)Amongelderlypeoplewhohadfollowedtheprogramforonlyafewmonths,thenumberofseriousfallsreportedwashigherthanitwasforpeoplewhohadfollowedtheprogramforits

recommendedminimumlengthofoneyear.

(B)Fallsresultinginseriousinjuriesarelesscommonamongelderlypeoplelivinginnursinghomes

thantheyareamongelderlypeoplewholivealoneathome.

(C)Afrequentresultofinjuriessustainedinfallsislong-termpain,medicationforwhichisnotcountedamongtheaverageper-personcostsofemergencytreatmentforelderlypeople'sinjuries

fromsuchfalls.

(D)Thenewtherapeuticprogramfocusesontherapiesotherthanmedication,sinceovermedicationcancausedisorientationandhenceincreasethelikelihoodthatanelderlypersonwillhaveaserious

fall.

(E)Asignificantportionofthecostofthenewtherapeuticprogramisrepresentedbyregularvisitsbyhealthcareprofessionals,thecostsofwhichtendtoincreasemorerapidlythandothoseofother

elementsoftheprogram.

3.

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Theprairievole,asmallNorthAmericangrasslandrodent,breedsyear-round,andagroupofvoleslivingtogetherconsistsprimarilyofanextendedfamily,oftenincludingtwoormorelitters. Volescommonlyliveinlargegroupsfromlateautumnthroughwinter;fromspringthroughearlyautumn,however,mostvolesliveinfarsmallergroups.Theseasonalvariationingroupsizecanprobablybe

explainedbyaseasonalvariationinmortalityamongyoungvoles.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthestrongestsupportfortheexplanationoffered?

(A)Itisinthespringandearlysummerthatprairievolecommunitiesgenerallycontainthehighest

proportionofyoungvoles.

(B)Prairievolepopulationsvarydramaticallyinsizefromyeartoyear.

(C)Theprairievolesubsistsprimarilyonbroad-leavedplantsthatareabundantonlyinspring.

(D)Wintersintheprairievoles'habitatareoftenharsh,withtemperaturesthatdropwellbelow

freezing.

(E)Snakes,amajorpredatorofyoungprairievoles,areactiveonlyfromspringthroughearlyautumn.

4.

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Apopularbeachhaslonghadadolphinfeedingprograminwhichfisharegiventodolphinsseveraltimesaday;manydolphinsgetasmuchashalfoftheirfoodeachdaythere. Althoughdolphinsthatfirstbenefitfromtheprogramasadultsarehealthyandlong-lived,theiroffspringhavealowerlife

expectancythanoffspringofdolphinsthatfeedexclusivelyinthewild.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mosthelpstoexplainthelowerlifeexpectancyofoffspringofdolphins

feedingatthebeachcomparedtootheryoungdolphins?

(A)Sharksthatpreyondolphinsarelesscommonintheopenseasoffthebeachthaninmanyother

areasoftheopenseaswheredolphinscongregate.

(B)Manyoftheadultdolphinsthatfeedatthebeacharefemalesthatnursetheiroffspringthere.

(C)Thefishgiventothedolphinsatthebeacharethesametypesoffishthatdolphinstypicallycatch

inthewild.

(D)Manydolphinsthatfeedatthebeachwiththeiroffspringcometothebeachonlyafewtimesa

month.

(E)Adultdolphinsthatfeedatthebeachspendmuchlesstimeteachingtheiroffspringhowtocatch

fishinthewildthandootheradultdolphins.

5.

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TigersharksarecommoninthewaterssurroundingTenareIsland.Usuallytigersharksfeedonsmallersharks,butsometimestheyhaveattackedtouristsswimmingandsurfingatTenare'sbeaches.ThishashurtTenare'stourismindustry,whichissecondonlytoitsfishingindustryinannualrevenues.Inordertohelptheeconomy,therefore,themayoroftheislandhasproposedanongoing

programtokillanytigersharkswithinamileofthebeaches.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststronglycallsintoquestionthelikelihoodthatimplementationof

themayor'sproposalwillhavethedesiredconsequence?

(A)Evenifnotallthetigersharksthatcomeclosetothebeachesarekilled,theexistenceofthe

programwouldreassuretourists.

(B)Businessownerswhodependontourismarewillingtopaymostofthecostofimplementingthe

program.

(C)TouristscometoTenareIslandforitsbeaches,eventhoughtheislandfeaturesanumberofother

touristattractions.

(D)Thesmallsharksonwhichtigersharkspreyfeedonfishthatarecommerciallyimportanttothe

island'sfisheries.

(E)NotalltouristswhocometoTenareIslandenjoyswimmingorsurfing.

6.

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ThecountryofErtlandhasneverimportedapplesinanysignificantquantitybecauseconsumerstheregenerallyprefertheuniquetextureofErtland-grownapples.Nevertheless,applegrowersfromKosolia,aneighboringcountry,plantoselltheirapplesinErtlandbysellingKosolia-grownapplesat

halfthepriceoflocalapplesandpromotingthemasanourishing,low-costalternative.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,castsmostdoubtontheviabilityoftheplanbyKosolia'sapplegrowers

toselltheirapplesinErtland?

(A)MostofthevarietiesofapplesgrowninErtlandwereoriginallyderivedfromcommonKosolian

varieties.

(B)ConsumersinErtlandtendtospendaboutthesameproportionoftheirincomeonfreshfruitsand

vegetablesasdoconsumersinKosolia.

(C)Attimesinthepast,ErtlandhasexportedsignificantquantitiesofapplestoKosolia.

(D)SomevarietiesofapplesgrowninKosoliacanbeharvestedthroughoutmostoftheyear,whereas

thevarietiesgrowninErtlandcanbeharvestedonlyduringtwomonthsoftheyear.

(E)ProfilesofErtland-grownapplesarehighenoughinErtlandthatgrowers,wholesalers,and

retailerstherecouldeasilyaffordtoreducethepriceatwhichtheseapplesaresold.

7.

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AspartofmajorrenovationstoFlowertown'sMainStreettrainstation,consultantstothetraincompanyproposedmovingthestation'sentrancefromitscurrentvaluableMainStreetlocationtoalow-rentadjoiningsidestreetandthenleasingthehigh-rententrancespacetoretailbusinesses.Inthatway,thetraincompanycouldeasilypayforthoseandallotherproposedrenovationswithout

negativeimpactonitstightbudget.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmoststronglysupporttheconsultants'proposal?

(A)MoretraincommutersareemployedinbusinesseslocatedonMainStreetthaninbusinesses

locatedontheadjoiningsidestreet.

(B)AreliablesurveyofFlowertown'scommutersshowedthatvirtuallynoneofthemwouldusethe

trainanylessfrequentlyifthestation'sentranceweremoved.

(C)Thehigh-rentblockofFlowertown'sMainStreetincludesseveralbuildingswhoseownerscurrently

seektoreplacelong-standingtenantslostinrecentmonths.

(D)Ifthestation'sentranceweremoved,thetraincompanywouldneedtobegincostlyrenovations

toitsMainStreetentrancespace.

(E)RidershiponFlowertowntrainsdeclinedonlyslightlyfrom1970to1985whileothertrain

companieslostlargenumbersofcommuters.

8.

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AutomobileDealer'sAdvertisement:

TheHighwayTrafficSafetyInstitutereportsthatthePZ1000hasthefewestinjuriesperaccidentof

anycarinitsclass.ThisshowsthatthePZ1000isoneofthesafestcarsavailabletoday.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargumentintheadvertisement?

(A)TheHighwayTrafficSafetyInstitutereportlistedmanycarsinotherclassesthathadmoreinjuries

peraccidentthandidthePZ1000.

(B)InrecentyearsmanymorePZ1000shavebeensoldthanhaveanyotherkindofcarinitsclass.

(C)CarsintheclasstowhichthePZ1000belongsaremorelikelytobeinvolvedinaccidentsthanare

othertypesofcars.

(D)ThedifferencebetweenthenumberofinjuriesperaccidentforthePZ1000andthatforother

carsinitsclassisquitepronounced.

(E)TheHighwayTrafficSafetyInstituteissuesreportsonlyonceayear.

9.

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Scientistsarediscussingwaystoremoveexcesscarbondioxidefromtheatmospherebyincreasingtheamountthatisabsorbedbyplantlife.Oneplantoaccomplishthisistoestablishgiantfloatingseaweedfarmsintheoceans.Whentheseaweedplantsdie,theywillbedisposedofbybeing

burnedforfuel.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldindicatethemostseriousweaknessintheplanabove?

(A)SomeareasofoceanintheSouthernHemispheredonotcontainsufficientnutrientstosupport

largeseaweedfarms.

(B)Whenaseaweedplantisburned,itreleasesanamountofcarbondioxidecomparabletothe

amountithasabsorbedinitslifetime.

(C)Evenifseaweedfarmsproveeffective,somepeoplewillbereluctanttoswitchtothisnewfuel.

(D)Eachyearaboutsevenbilliontonsofcarbondioxidearereleasedintotheatmospherebutonly

aboutfivebilliontonsareabsorbedbyplantlife.

(E)Seaweedfarmswouldmakemoremoneybyfarmingseaweedtosellasnutritionalsupplements

thanbyfarmingseaweedtosellasfuel.

10.(25259-!-item-!-188;#058&001774)

Jennifer: VideorentaloutletsinCentervilletogetherhandled10,000fewervideorentalsin1994thanin1993.ThedeclineinrentalswasprobablyduealmostentirelytotheFebruary1994openingofVideorama,thefirstandonlyvideorentaloutletintheareathat,inadditiontorentingvideos,also

soldthemcheaply.

Brad:Theremustbeanotherexplanation:

asyouyourselfsaid,thedeclinewasontheorderof

10,000rentals. YetVideoramasoldonly4,000videosin1994.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostseriouslyweakentheforceoftheobjectionthatBrad

presentstoJennifer'sexplanation?

(A)In1994Videoramarentedoutmorevideosthanitsold.

(B)In1994twonewoutletsthatrentbutthatdonotsellvideosopenedinCenterville.

(C)MostofthevideorentaloutletsinCentervillerentvideosatadiscountoncertainnightsofthe

week.

(D)Peopleoftenbuyvideosofmoviesthattheyhavepreviouslyseeninatheater.

(E)Peoplewhoownvideosfrequentlyloanthemtotheirfriends.

11.(25309-!-item-!-188;#058&001786)

MourdetWinery:DanvilleWinery'snewwinewasintroducedtocompetewithourmostpopularwine,whichissoldinadistinctivetall,blackbottle.Danvilleusesasimilarbottle.Thus,itislikely

thatmanycustomersintendingtobuyourwinewillmistakenlybuytheirsinstead.

DanvilleWinery: Notso.Thetwobottlescanbereadilydistinguished:

ontheirs,isgoldcolored.

thelabelonours,butnot

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostunderminesDanvilleWinery'sresponse?

(A)GoldisthebackgroundcoloronthelabelofmanyofthewinesproducedbyDanvilleWinery.

(B)Whenthebottlesareviewedsidebyside,DanvilleWinery'sbottleisperceptiblytallerthan

MourdetWinery's.

(C)DanvilleWinery,unlikeMourdetWinery,displaysitswine'slabelprominentlyinadvertisements.

(D)Itiscommonforoccasionalpurchaserstobuyabottleofwineonthebasisofageneral

impressionofthemostobviousfeatureofthebottle.

(E)Manypopularwinesaresoldinbottlesofastandarddesign.

12.(25359-!-item-!-188;#058&001894)

FindingofasurveyofSystemsmagazinesubscribers:Thirtypercentofallmerchandiseordersplacedbysubscribersinresponsetoadvertisementsinthemagazinelastyearwereplacedby

subscribersunderagethirty-five.

FindingofasurveyofadvertisersinSystemsmagazine:

Mostofthemerchandiseordersplacedin

responsetoadvertisementsinSystemslastyearwereplacedbypeopleunderagethirty-five.

Forbothofthefindingstobeaccurate,whichofthefollowingmustbetrue?

(A)MoresubscriberstoSystemswhohaveneverorderedmerchandiseinresponsetoadvertisements

inthemagazineareagethirty-fiveoroverthanareunderagethirty-five.

(B)AmongsubscriberstoSystems,theproportionwhoareunderagethirty-fivewasconsiderably

lowerlastyearthanitisnow.

(C)MostmerchandiseordersplacedinresponsetoadvertisementsinSystemslastyearwereplaced

bySystemssubscribersoveragethirty-five.

(D)Lastyear,theaveragedollaramountofmerchandiseordersplacedwaslessforsubscribersunder

agethirty-fivethanforthoseagethirty-fiveorover.

(E)Lastyearmanypeoplewhoplacedordersformerchandiseinresponsetoadvertisementsin

Systemswerenotsubscriberstothemagazine.

13.(26741-!-item-!-188;#058&002910)

Whichofthefollowingmostlogicallycompletestheargument?

UnitedStatesmanufacturerscurrentlyproducemostoftheworld'ssolar-powergenerators--mostofwhichareexportedtoEurope. However,EuropeanmanufacturersareemergingandprobablywillultimatelycapturemuchoftheEuropeanmarket.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentisfundinginitiativesintendedtoencourageuseofsolarpowerwithintheUnitedStates.Iftheseinitiativessucceedinincreasingthedemandforsolar-powergeneratorsintheUnitedStates,UnitedStatesmanufacturers

willprobablymaintainsignificantproductionlevels,since .

(A)someUnitedStatesmanufacturershavebeensubstantiallyincreasingtheiroutputoverthelast

severalyears

(B)theefficiencyofsolar-powergeneratorsinconvertingenergyfromtheSunintoelectricpoweris

notimprovingasfastasitoncedid

(C)justasEuropeanmanufacturersenjoycertaincompetitiveadvantagesinEurope,sodoUnited

StatesmanufacturersintheUnitedStates

(D)Europeangovernmentsarecurrentlyundertakinginitiativestostimulatetheuseofsolarpower

withinEurope

(E)thecurrentmarketforsolar-powergeneratorsintheUnitedStatesisverylimited

14.(26835-!-item-!-188;#058&002982)

Thehigherthelevelofcertainvitaminsandmineralsinthebloodstream,thebetteraperson'slungfunction,asmeasuredbytheamountofairthepersoncanexpelinonesecond.Thelungfunctionofsmokersissignificantlyworse,onaverage,thanthatofnonsmokers. Clearly,therefore,onewayforsmokerstoimprovetheirlungfunctionisforthemtoincreasetheirintakeoffoodsthatarerichin

thesehelpfulvitaminsandminerals.

Whichofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhichthisargumentdepends?

(A)Smokersarelesslikelythannonsmokerstohavedietsthatarerichinvitaminsandminerals.

(B)Thelungfunctionofsmokerswhosedietsarerichinthosevitaminsandmineralsisgenerally

betterthanthatofnonsmokerswithcomparablediets.

(C)Peoplewhosedietsaredeficientinthosevitaminsandmineralsdonottypicallyhaveotherhealth

problemsinadditiontodiminishedlungfunction.

(D)Stoppingsmokingwillnottypicallyimprovelungfunctionmorethananydietchangescan.

(E)Smokingdoesnotintroduceintothebodychemicalsthatpreventthehelpfulvitaminsand

mineralsfromenteringthebloodstream.

15.(26883-!-item-!-188;#058&002985)[GWD#29-Q28]

Astronomer:ObservationsoftheShoemaker-LevicometonitscollisioncoursewithJupitershowedthatthecometbrokeintofragmentsbeforeenteringJupiter'satmospherein1994,buttheydidnotshowhowbigthosefragmentswere. Inhopesofgainingsomeindicationofthefragments'size,astronomersstudiedspectrographicanalysesofJupiter'souteratmosphere.Theseanalysesrevealedunprecedentedtracesofsulfurafterthefragments'entry.Thefragmentsthemselvesalmostcertainlycontainednosulfur,butmanyastronomersbelievethatthecloudlayerbelowJupiter'souteratmospheredoescontainsulfur.Sincesulfurwouldhaveseepedintotheouteratmosphereifcometfragmentshadpenetratedthiscloudlayer,itislikelythatsomeofthefragmentswereatleastlargeenoughtohavepassedthroughJupiter'souteratmosphere

withoutbeingburnedup.

Intheastronomer'sargument,thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles?

(A)Thefirstpresentsacircumstanceforwhichtheastronomeroffersanexplanation;thesecondis

partofthatexplanation.

(B)Thefirstacknowledgesaconsiderationthatweighsagainsttheconclusionoftheargument;the

secondisthatconclusion.

(C)Thefirstacknowledgesaconsiderationthatweighsagainsttheconclusionoftheargument;the

secondprovidesevidenceinsupportofthatconclusion.

(D)Thefirstprovidesevidenceinsupportoftheconclusionoftheargument;thesecond

acknowledgesaconsiderationthatweighsagainstthatconclusion.

(E)Thefirstisajudgmentadvancedinsupportoftheconclusionoftheargument;thesecondisthat

conclusion.

16.(27621-!-item-!-188;#058&003223)

Mostoftheworld'ssupplyofuraniumcurrentlycomesfrommines.Itispossibletoextracturaniumfromseawater,butthecostofdoingsoisgreaterthanthepricethaturaniumfetchesontheworldmarket.Therefore,untilthecostofextractinguraniumfromseawatercansomehowbereduced,this

methodofobtaininguraniumisunlikelytobecommerciallyviable.

Whichofthefollowingwoulditbemostusefultodetermineinevaluatingtheargument?

(A)Whethertheuraniumindepositsonlandisrapidlybeingdepleted

(B)Whethermosturaniumisusednearwhereitismined

(C)Whetherthereareanytechnologicaladvancesthatshowpromiseofreducingthecostof

extractinguraniumfromseawater

(D)Whetherthetotalamountofuraniuminseawaterissignificantlygreaterthanthetotalamountof

uraniumonland

(E)Whetheruraniumcanbeextractedfromfreshwateratacostsimilartothecostofextractingit

fromseawater

17.(27669-!-item-!-188;#058&003302)

Urbanaircontainsmoresulfurdioxidethandoesruralair,andplantsincitiestypicallygrowmore

slowlythandoplantsinruralareas. Inanexperimenttoseehowmuchofthedifferenceingrowthisduetosulfurdioxide,classesinanurbanandaruralschoolgrewplantsingreenhousesattheir

schoolsandfilteredthegreenhouseairtoeliminatesulfurdioxide.

Plantsintheurbangreenhouse

grewmoreslowlythanthoseintheruralgreenhouse.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,woulditbemostimportanttotakeintoaccountinevaluatingthe

result?

(A)Theurbanschoolwaslocatedinapartofthecityinwhichlevelsofsulfurdioxideintheairwere

usuallyfarlowerthanistypicalforurbanareas.

(B)Atbothschools,theplantsinthegreenhousesgrewmuchmorequicklythandidplantsplanted

outdoorsinplotsnearthegreenhouses.

(C)Theurbanclassconductingtheexperimentwaslargerthantheruralclassconductingthe

experiment.

(D)Heavyvehiculartrafficsuchasisfoundincitiesconstantlydepositsgrimeongreenhouse

windows,reducingtheamountoflightthatreachestheplantsinside.

(E)Becauseofthehigherlevelsofsulfurdioxideintheairattheurbanschool,theairfiltersforthe

urbanschool'sgreenhousewerechangedmorefrequentlythanwerethoseattheruralschool.

18.(27717-!-item-!-188;#058&003330)

Manysmallroadsdonothavepaintedmarkingsalongtheiredges.Clearedgemarkingswouldmakeiteasierfordriverstoseeupcomingcurvesandtojudgethecar'spositionontheroad,particularlywhenvisibilityispoor,andwouldthereforeseemtobeausefulcontributiontoroadsafety.

However,afterGreatwaterCountypaintededgemarkingsonallitsnarrow,windingroads,theannual

accidentratealongthoseroadsactuallyincreasedslightly.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mosthelpstoexplaintheincreaseinaccidentrate?

(A)GreatwaterCountyhasanunusuallyhighproportionofnarrow,windingroads.

(B)Inbadweatheritcanbenearlyasdifficultfordriverstoseetheroadasitisatnight.

(C)Priortothepaintingoftheedgemarkings,GreatwaterCounty'snarrow,windingroadsalready

hadasomewhathigheraccidentratethanotherGreatwaterCountyroads.

(D)Manyoftheaccidentsonnarrow,windingroadsinvolveasinglevehicleveeringofftheroad,

ratherthanthecollisionoftwovehicles.

(E)Afterthemarkingswerepaintedontheroads,manydriverswhohadgoneoutoftheirwayto

avoiddrivingonthoseroadsatnightnolongerdidso.

19.(27995-!-item-!-188;#058&003473)

Gortlandhaslongbeennarrowlyself-sufficientinbothgrainandmeat.However,aspercapitaincomeinGortlandhasrisentowardtheworldaverage,percapitaconsumptionofmeathasalsorisentowardtheworldaverage,andittakesseveralpoundsofgraintoproduceonepoundofmeat.Therefore,sincepercapitaincomecontinuestorise,whereasdomesticgrainproductionwillnotincrease,

Gortlandwillsoonhavetoimporteithergrainormeatorboth.

Whichofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhichtheargumentdepends?

(A)ThetotalacreagedevotedtograinproductioninGortlandwillsoondecrease.

(B)ImportingeithergrainormeatwillnotresultinasignificantlyhigherpercentageofGortlanders'

incomesbeingspentonfoodthaniscurrentlythecase.

(C)ThepercapitaconsumptionofmeatinGortlandisincreasingatroughlythesamerateacrossall

incomelevels.

(D)ThepercapitaincomeofmeatproducersinGortlandisrisingfasterthanthepercapitaincomeof

grainproducers.

(E)PeopleinGortlandwhoincreasetheirconsumptionofmeatwillnotradicallydecreasetheir

consumptionofgrain.

20.(28411-!-item-!-188;#058&003617)

ForyearsthebeautifulRenaissancebuildingsinPalititohavebeendamagedbyexhaustfromthemanytourbusesthatcometothecity. Therehasbeenlittleparkingspace,somostbuseshaveidledatthecurbduringeachstopontheirtour,andidlingproducesasmuchexhaustasdriving.The

cityhasnowprovidedparkingthataccommodatesathirdofthetourbuses,sodamagetoPalitito's

buildingsfromthebuses'exhaustwilldiminishsignificantly.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststronglysupportstheargument?

(A)TheexhaustfromPalitito'sfewautomobilesisnotasignificantthreattoPalitito'sbuildings.

(B)Palitito'sRenaissancebuildingsarenotthreatenedbypollutionotherthanengineexhaust.

(C)Tourbusestypicallyspendlessthanone-quarterofthetimetheyareinPalititotransporting

passengersfromonesitetoanother.

(D)MoretouristscometoPalititobytourbusthanbyanyothersinglemeansoftransportation.

(E)SomeofthetourbusesthatareunabletofindparkingdrivearoundPalititowhiletheirpassengers

arevisitingasite.

21.(28551-!-item-!-188;#058&003690)

TracesofcultivatedemmerwheathavebeenfoundamongtheearliestagriculturalremainsofmanyarchaeologicalsitesinEuropeandAsia.TheonlyplacewherethewildformofemmerwheathasbeenfoundgrowingisarelativelynarrowstripofsouthwestAsia. Sincetheoldestremainsofcultivatedemmerwheatyetfoundarefromvillagesitesinthesamenarrowstrip,itisclearthat

emmerwheatwasfirstdomesticatedsomewhereinthatstrip.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststrengthenstheargument?

(A)Thepresent-daydistributionofanotherwildwheat,einkorn,whichwasalsodomesticatedearlyin

thedevelopmentofagriculture,coversamuchlargerareaofsouthwestAsia.

(B)Modernexperimentsshowthatwildemmerwheatcaneasilybedomesticatedsoastoyieldnearly

aswellastraditionallydomesticstrains.

(C)Atthetimewhenemmerwheatwasfirstcultivated,itwasthemostnutritiousofallthevarieties

ofgrainthatwerethencultivated.

(D)Intheregioncontainingthestripwherewildemmerwheathasbeenfound,climaticconditions

havechangedverylittlesincebeforethedevelopmentofagriculture.

(E)Itisverydifficult,withoutgenetictesting,todifferentiatethewildformofemmerwheatfroma

closelyrelatedwildwheatthatalsogrowsinsouthwestAsia.

22.(28829-!-item-!-188;#058&003748)

Inthelate1980s,thepopulationofseaottersintheNorthPacificbegantodecline.Therearetwoplausibleexplanationsforthedecline: predation,possiblybykillerwhales,ordisease.Ofthesetwo,diseaseisthemorelikely,sinceaconcurrentsharpdeclineinpopulationsofsealsandsealionsisbelievedtohavebeencausedbydisease,anddiseasesthatinfectthesecreaturesarelikelytobe

abletoinfectseaottersalso.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakensthereasoning?

(A)KillerwhalesintheNorthPacificusuallypreyonsealsandsealionsbutwill,whenthisfoodsource

isscarce,seekoutotherprey.

(B)ThereisnoindicationthattheseaotterpopulationatanyNorthPacificlocationdeclinedinthe

1980sbecauseofsubstantialnumbersofseaottersmigratingtootherlocations.

(C)AlongthePacificcoastofNorthAmericainthe1980s,seaotterswereabsentfrommanylocations

wheretheyhadbeenrelativelycommoninformertimes.

(D)Followingthedeclineinthepopulationoftheseaotters,therewasanincreaseinthepopulation

ofseaurchins,whichareseaotters'mainfoodsource.

(E)TheNorthPacificpopulationsofsealsandsealionscoverawidergeographicareathandoesthe

populationofseaotters.

23.(29107-!-item-!-188;#058&003854)

From1978to1988,beveragecontainersaccountedforasteadilydecreasingpercentageofthetotalweightofhouseholdgarbageintheUnitedStates.Theincreasinglywidespreadpracticeofrecyclingaluminumandglasswasresponsibleformostofthisdecline. However,althoughaluminumrecyclingwasmorewidelypracticedin