Unit1Natureinthebalance(譯林版2020必修第三冊(cè))Ⅰ必備知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)圖Ⅱ.必備單詞默寫(xiě)清單1.n.大量；團(tuán)，塊，堆；一大群adj.大批的，廣泛的2.adj.活著的，活的；在使用的n.生計(jì)，謀生；生活方式3.adv.因此，從而；這樣4.n.影響，作用，撞擊，沖撞vi.&vt.有影響；沖擊5.vt.&n.損害，傷害，損壞，破壞6.n.獎(jiǎng)?wù)拢瑒渍?.n.形象；圖像；意象8.vt.&vi.跟蹤，追蹤n.足跡，蹤跡；小道；軌道；跑道；路線9.adv.無(wú)處，哪里都不10.n.首領(lǐng)，最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人adj.主要的；首席的11.vi.反對(duì)，抗議vt.反對(duì)；堅(jiān)持聲稱(chēng)，申辯n.抗議，反對(duì)12.n.利潤(rùn)，收益；好處vi.&vt.獲益，得到好處13.n.過(guò)程，進(jìn)程；步驟，流程vt.加工，處理14.n.政策，方針；原則15.n.(政府或機(jī)構(gòu))部門(mén)；分部；樹(shù)枝；支流；分支16.n.策略，行動(dòng)計(jì)劃；策劃，部署17.vt.回收利用，再利用18.__________adj.更多的，更進(jìn)一步的adv.較遠(yuǎn)，更遠(yuǎn)；進(jìn)一步vt.促進(jìn)，增進(jìn)【答案】1.mass2.living3.thus4.impact5.damage6.medal7.image8.track9.nowhere10.chief11.protest12.profit13.process14.policy15.branch16.strategy17.recycle18.further根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子(單詞拼寫(xiě))。1.Thefloodcausedsevere________(損壞)tothelocaleconomy.2.Theysaytheyexpectthemeetingtohavearemarkable________(影響)onthefutureofthecountry.3.Heisoneofthegreatest________(活著的)scientistsinthecountry.4.Therewere________(堆)ofdarkcloudsinthesky,whichshowedthatitwaslikelytorain.5.Hispublic________(形象)isverydifferentfromtherealperson.6.Youcan________(追蹤)downandparedatawhiledealingwithdifferentproblems.7.The________(居民)ofthetownareproudofitsnewlybuiltlibrary.8.Slowspeedisthe________(主要的)drawbackofseashipment.9.Manypeoplerosetotheirfeetto________(反對(duì))thedecision.10.Althoughshefoundedherpanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilyby________(利潤(rùn)).【答案】1.damage2.impact3.living4.masses5.image6.track7.residents8.chief9.protest10.profitⅢ核心單詞拓展拔高1.________n.&vi.損害;危害→________adj.有害的→________adj.無(wú)害的2.________n.地區(qū),區(qū)域;行政區(qū)→________adj.地區(qū)的,區(qū)域的3.________adj.長(zhǎng)的;冗長(zhǎng)的→________n.長(zhǎng)度;長(zhǎng)→________vt.加長(zhǎng)4.________vi.變化;變動(dòng)→________adj.各種各樣的→________n.變化;多樣(化);多變(性)5.________vi.&vt.幸存;幸免;生還→________n.幸免;幸存;生還→________n.幸存者;生還者

6.________v.出現(xiàn)→________n.外貌,出現(xiàn)→________v.消失→________n.消失7.________vt.涂;敷;搽;應(yīng)用;運(yùn)用vi.申請(qǐng);請(qǐng)求;使用→________n.申請(qǐng)→________n.申請(qǐng)人8.________vt.組織;成立→________n.組織者→________adj.有組織的→________n.組織9.________adj.絕對(duì)的,完全的→________adv.絕對(duì)地,完全地10.________adj.完全的,徹底的→________adv.完全地,全部地11.________v.防衛(wèi),保護(hù)→________n.辯護(hù);防御12.________n.經(jīng)濟(jì)→________adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的

13.________n.官員adj.公務(wù)的,正式的→________adv.官方地14.________n.毒藥;毒害vt.毒害;使中毒→________adj.有毒的15.________n.化學(xué)制品adj.化學(xué)的→________n.化學(xué)→________adv.用化學(xué),以化學(xué)方法16.________adj.作為結(jié)果的;隨之發(fā)生的→________n.結(jié)果;后果;重要性→________adv.結(jié)果【答案】1.harm,harmful,harmless2.region,regional3.long,length,lengthen4.vary,various,variety5.survive,survival,survivor6.appear,appearance,disappear,disappearance7.apply,application,applicant8.organize,organizer,organized,organization9.absolute,absolutely10.entire,entirely11.defend,defence12.economy,economic13.official,officially14.poison,poisonous15.chemical,chemistry,chemically16.consequent,consequence,consequently用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子(詞匯派生)1.Thisobjectgivesoff________gases,whichmaydo________toourhealth.Soyoumustmaketheobject________beforeyouuseit.(harm)2.Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,thereare________ofgoodsinstores,________fromdailygroceriestoluxurygoods,whichgreatlyenrichpeople'slife.Inaddition,thegoods________withtheseasonin________andquantity.(vary)3.Itisnecessarywemastersomebasicskills,whichwillgreatlyincreaseourchancesof________.Luckily,I________theterriblecarcrashlastweekandIwastheonly________oftheaccident.(survive)4.Smithdoesn'twanttobeinvolvedinthe________oftheconference,althoughhiswifewisheshimtobethe________.(organize)5.Allthe________can________inpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheir________beforeMay6th.(apply)6.The________villagewasdestroyed.Itnowlooks________differentfromthepreviousone.(entire)7.Itisreportedthatsomechildrenwere________bythe________food.(poison)8.Thefamous________deniedinhis________reportthatitwasthewastewaterfromthe________factorythatpollutedtheundergroundwaterinthisarea.(chemistry)【答案】1.harmful,harm,harmless2.varieties,varying,vary,variety3.survival,survivor4.organization,organizer5.applicants,apply,applications6.entire,entirely7.poisoned,poisonous8.chemist,chemistry,chemicalⅣ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)默寫(xiě)清單1.________________相應(yīng)地,轉(zhuǎn)而

2.________________使分解(為),使變化(成)

3.________________給……帶來(lái)起色,注入活力

4.________________由于,因?yàn)?/p>

5.________________逐漸增加,擴(kuò)大

6.________________想出,想到

7.________________(公開(kāi))要求,需要

8.________________突然記起(或想到)

9.________________擺脫,丟棄,扔掉

10.________________使發(fā)生(或存在)

【答案】1.inturn2.breakdown3.breathelifeinto4.dueto5.buildup6.eupwith7.callfor8.springtomind9.getridof10.giveriseto用方框內(nèi)所給短語(yǔ)完成句子。inturngiverisetobreathelifeintodueto breakdowncallfor

eupwith

springtomind

getridof buildup 1.Hespendstoomuchtimeonmaths,andthis________affectstheprogressofhisothersubjects.

2.Becausehewasbeingsokindandconsiderate,I________andcried. 3.Thematchis________beorganisedthisSaturdayafternooninthecity’sstadium,whoseaimistohelpusmunicatewithourfriendschoolsandimproveourfriendship.

4.Thesecrettooilpaintingisto________layeronlayeronacanvas.

5.Atthemeetinghe________asolutiontothesmoginthecity.6.Thepublicare________anendtoairpollution.

7.Ifnorecentevents________,it’stimetowritesomefunintoyourcalendar.

8.Onceformed,badhabitsarenoteasyto________.

9.Toolowbirthratemay________manysocialproblems.

10.Itwasthereaderswho________anewspaperwiththeirlettersseveralyearsago.【答案】1.inturn2.brokedown3.dueto4.buildup5.cameupwith6.callingfor7.springtomind8.getridof9.giveriseto10.breathedlifeintoⅤ.課文重點(diǎn)句型應(yīng)用1.倍數(shù)關(guān)系句型Withanareaofaround6millionsquarekilometres,theAmazonrainforestis________________.

亞馬孫雨林面積約600萬(wàn)平方千米,是中國(guó)國(guó)土面積的一半以上。2.完全倒裝句________________isthemassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor.往上是陰暗森林地表厚實(shí)的落葉層。

3.judgingfrom...根據(jù)……判斷Whatdoyouthinkthisscriptisabout________________?

根據(jù)標(biāo)題和圖片,你認(rèn)為這個(gè)節(jié)選講了什么?4.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)TheAmazonrainforestcrossesintoeightcountries,includingBrazilandPeru,andoneoverseasregionofFrance,________________.亞馬孫雨林穿過(guò)包括巴西、秘魯在內(nèi)的八個(gè)國(guó)家,以及一塊法國(guó)的海外領(lǐng)地,都位于南美洲大陸。

5.eventhough引導(dǎo)的從句We’vebeentakingvariousmeasures,includingtheuseofnewtechnologies,toreducepollutionintheproductionprocess,________________.

我們一直在采取各種措施,包括使用新技術(shù),以減少生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的污染,盡管這些措施提高了我們的生產(chǎn)成本。6.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)________________,theNorgateEnvironmentalProtectionmitteeissearchingforwaystofighttheproblem.

鑒于污染程度不斷加重,諾蓋特市環(huán)境保護(hù)委員會(huì)正在設(shè)法應(yīng)對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。7.介詞+關(guān)系代詞TheAmazonRiver,________________,iscloseto6,400kilometresinlength—roughly100kilometreslongerthantheYangtzeRiver.

這片雨林得名于亞馬孫河,亞馬孫河全長(zhǎng)約6400千米,比長(zhǎng)江長(zhǎng)約100千米。8.so+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestogrow,________________theeffectwehaveonanimals.

隨著人口的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),我們對(duì)動(dòng)物的影響也在不斷增加?！敬鸢浮?.morethanhalfthesizeofChina2.Abovethat3.judgingfromthetitleandpictures?4.allontheSouthAmericancontinent5.eventhoughthesemeasuresraiseourproductioncosts6.Withpollutionlevelsontherise,7.fromwhichtherainforestgetsitsname8.sodoes完成句子1.________________sometoweringaspens.(完全倒裝)

在我們教學(xué)樓前矗立著幾棵高大的白楊。2.Ourplaygroundis________________theirs.(倍數(shù)表達(dá)法)

我們的操場(chǎng)是他們的兩倍大。3.________________,hemightbeanIndian.(judge)

根據(jù)面貌判斷,他可能是個(gè)印度人。4.________________,histheoryprovedtobecorrect.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))

隨著時(shí)間的推移,他的理論證明是正確的。5.Itookaphotoofthestudents,________________wasseatedateacher.我給這些學(xué)生拍了一張照片,他們中間坐著一位老師。

6.YesterdayIwentshopping,and________________.

昨天我去買(mǎi)東西,我最好的朋友也去了?！敬鸢浮?.Infrontofourteachingbuildingstand2.twicethesizeof/asbigas/biggerthan3.Judgingfromhisappearance4.Withtimegoingby5.amongwhom6.sodidmybestfriendⅥ.課文改編語(yǔ)法填空1.ReadingTheAmazonrainforest,thelargestrainforestintheworld,playsasignificantrole1.________maintainingthebalanceoftheEarth’secosystem.It2.________(cross)intoeightcountries,3.________(include)BrazilandPeru.Withanareaofaround6millionsquarekilometres,theAmazonrainforestis4.________thanhalfthesizeofChina.Morethan40,000speciesofplantscan5.________(find)intheAmazon.Theforest’sdifferentlevelsprovidefoodandshelterforanunbelievable6.________(vary)ofwildlife.Morethan1,300speciesofbirdsandover400speciesofmammalshideamongthejungle’splantlife.TheAmazonrainforestbreatheslifeintotheplanetby7.________(fix)carbonandproducingover20percentofalltheEarth’soxygen,8.________isknownasthe“l(fā)ungsoftheplanet”.Moreover,theAmazonrainforestisatreasurehouseofspeciesthatcanbeusedforfoodormedicine.9.________,overthepast50years,17percentoftherainforest10.________(disappear)duetohumanactivitiessuchasagricultureandcattlefarming.

2.ExtendedreadingJamesSmithisalocalresident.1.________hefirstmovedthere,theairwasfresh.Thenheavyindustryfactoriesmovedin,andthingsbecame2.________(entire)different.Now,hedoesn’tenjoyoutdooractivitiesanymore.Theriverisdirtyandsmelly.Thesmogintheairhas3.________(colour)theskyasmokygrey;it’salsogivenhimacough4.________hecan’tgetridof.Hethinksallofpersonsmustprotestagainstheavyindustry.

VincentBrownisaseniormanagerofalocalfactory.Hepointsoutthatpeopletend5.________(connect)factorieswithpicturesofcloudsofdirtysmokeandirresponsiblebusinessmeneagertomakehuge6.________(profit).Theyalsotrytocontroltheamountofpollutiontheyproduceandaredeeplyconcernedabouttheenvironment.They’vebeentakingvariousmeasures,eventhoughthesemeasuresraisetheirproductioncosts.What’smore,theyhavebroughtthe7.________(economy)benefitstoNorgateandcreatedmanyjobsforlocalresidents.

JulieArcherisheadoftheNorgateEnvironmentalProtectionmittee.Shethinksthemitteehasamajorrole8.________(play)inmaintainingairandwaterquality.Theyhavetoachieveabalance9.________environmentalprotectionandeconomicdevelopment.They’vemadeenvironmentalpoliciesforbusinessestoobserve.Theyalsoworkhandinhandwithotherbranchesofgovernmenttoensurethatdevelopmentstrategies10.________(follow)inanenvironmentallyfriendlyway.

【答案】1.Reading1.in;2.crosses;3.including;4.more;5.befound;6.variety;7.fixing;8.which;9.However;10.hasdisappeared2.Extendedreading1.When;2.entirely;3.coloured;4.that/which;5.toconnect;6.profits;7.economic;8.toplay;9.between;10.arefollowed附:單元詞匯記憶表harmn.&vt.傷害，損害 soiln.土壤；國(guó)土，領(lǐng)土，土地 ecosystemn.生態(tài)系統(tǒng) overseasadj.海外的，國(guó)外的adv.在海外，向國(guó)外 regionn.地區(qū)，區(qū)域；行政區(qū) continentn.大陸，陸地，洲 millionnum.一百萬(wàn)；許多，大量 lengthn.長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)度；時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短；篇幅，(電影)片長(zhǎng) biodiversityn.生物多樣性 speciesn.(pl.species)種，物種nutn.堅(jiān)果 brazilnut巴西堅(jiān)果 lilyn.百合(花) waterlily睡蓮 varietyn.不同種類(lèi)；變化，多樣性；變種，變體 wildlifen.野生動(dòng)植物，野生生物 beneathprep.在…下面，在…下方；配不上massn.大量；團(tuán)，塊，堆；一大群adj.大批的，廣泛的 toweringadj.高大的，高聳的；出色的 hardwoodn.闊葉樹(shù)；硬材(闊葉樹(shù)的木材) livingadj.活著的，活的；在使用的n.生計(jì)，謀生；生活方式 *mammaln.哺乳動(dòng)物 *jaguarn.美洲豹，美洲虎 survivevi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于難 frogn.蛙，青蛙 inturn相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而 insectn.昆蟲(chóng) microorganismn.微生物 breakdown使分解(為)，使變化(成) nutrientn.營(yíng)養(yǎng)素，營(yíng)養(yǎng)物 breathelifeinto給…帶來(lái)起色，注入活力 carbonn.碳 oxygenn.氧，氧氣 thusadv