筆譯二級綜合能力（閱讀理解）模擬試卷4(題后含答案及解析)題型有：2.ReadingComprehensionPART2ReadingComprehension(50points)Inthispartyouwillfindanumberofquestionsorunfinishedstatementsaftereachpassage.Youmustchooseoneletter(markedA,B,C,andD)youthinkfitsbest.Thetimeforthispartis70minutes.Wearebeginningtowitnessaparadoxattheheartofcapitalism,onethathaspropelledittogreatnessbutisnowthreateningitsfuture:Theinherentdynamismofcompetitivemarketsisbringingcostssofardownthatmanygoodsandservicesarebecomingnearlyfree,abundant,andnolongersubjecttomarketforces.Whileeconomistshavealwayswelcomedareductioninmarginalcost,theyneveranticipatedthepossibilityofatechnologicalrevolutionthatmightbringthosecoststonearzero.Thefirstinklingoftheparadoxcamein1999whenNapster,themusicservice,developedanetworkenablingmillionsofpeopletosharemusicwithoutpayingtheproducersandartists,wreakinghavoconthemusicindustry.Similarphenomenawentontoseverelydisruptthenewspaperandbookpublishingindustries.Consumersbegansharingtheirowninformationandentertainment,viavideos,audioandtext,nearlyfree,bypassingthetraditionalmarketsaltogether.Nowthephenomenonisabouttoaffectthewholeeconomy.Aformidablenewtechnologyinfrastructure—theInternetofThings—isemergingwiththepotentialtopushmuchofeconomiclifetonearzeromarginalcostoverthecourseofthenexttwodecades.Thisnewtechnologyplatformisbeginningtoconnecteverythingandeveryone.Todaymorethan11billionsensorsareattachedtonaturalresources,productionlines,theelectricitygrid,logisticsnetworksandrecyclingflows,andimplantedinhomes,offices,storesandvehicles,feedingbigdataintotheInternetofThings.Peoplecanconnecttothenetworkandusebigdata,analyticsandalgorithmstoaccelerateefficiencyandlowerthemarginalcostofproducingandsharingawiderangeofproductsandservicestonearzero,justastheynowdowithinformationgoods.Theunresolvedquestionis,howwillthiseconomyofthefuturefunctionwhenmillionsofpeoplecanmakeandsharegoodsandservicesnearlyfree?Theanswerliesinthecivilsociety,whichconsistsofnonprofitorganizationsthatattendtothethingsinlifewemakeandshareasacommunity.WhatmakesthesocialcommonsmorerelevanttodayisthatweareconstructinganInternetofThingsinfrastructurethatoptimizescollaboration,universalaccessandinclusion,allofwhicharecriticaltothecreationofsocialcapitalandtheusheringinofasharingeconomy.TheInternetofThingsisagame-changingplatformthatenablesanemergingcollaborativecommonstoflourishalongsidethecapitalistmarket.Thiscollaborativeratherthancapitalisticapproachisaboutsharedaccessratherthanprivateownership.Millionsofpeopleareusingsocialmediasites,redistributionnetworks,rentalsandcooperativestosharecars,homes,clothes,tools,toysandotheritemsatlowornearzeromarginalcost.Thesharingeconomyhadprojectedrevenuesof$3.5billionin2013.Asforthecapitalistsystem,itislikelytoremainwithusfarintothefuture,albeitinamorestreamlinedrole,primarilyasanaggregatorofnetworkservicesandsolutions,allowingittothriveasapowerfulnicheplayerinthecomingera.Weare,however,enteringaworldpartlybeyondmarkets,wherewearelearninghowtolivetogetherinanincreasinglyinterdependent,collaborative,globalcommons.1．Theword“inherent”underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A．inheritedB．insistentC．intrinsicD．intransigent正確答案：C涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解2．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothecentralcharacteristicsofcapitalism?A．Competitivemarket.B．Operationforprofit.C．Lowmarginalcost.D．Privateownership.正確答案：C涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解3．Theword“disrupt”underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A．upsetB．ruinC．demolishD．diminish正確答案：A涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解4．Thankstotechnologicalrevolution,______reducedthemarginalcostandthepriceofasongallthewaydowntonearzero.A．NapsterB．producersC．a(chǎn)rtistsD．consumers正確答案：A涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解5．Accordingtotheauthor,thefunctionsoftheInternetofThingsincludethefollowingEXCEPT______.A．generatingbetterinformationandanalysisB．enhancingdecisionmakingC．reducingcostsandrisksD．sharinginformationgoods正確答案：D涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解6．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTthekeyfeatureoftheInternetofThings?A．Optimizedcollaboration.B．Sharedaccess.C．Redistribution.D．Interdependency.正確答案：C涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解7．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedabouttheInternetofThings?A．Itisaconceptthatdescribesawirelessnetworkbetweenobjects.B．Itisfacilitatedbybillionsofsensorswhichareusedtocollectmassiveamountsofdata.C．Itenablesthetransformationofvideogameindustry.D．Itposesgreatchallengetothecapitalistmarket.正確答案：C涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解8．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheessenceof“civilsociety”?A．Authority.B．Competition.C．Profitability.D．Publicutility.正確答案：D涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解9．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardcapitalism?A．Pessimistic.B．Optimistic.C．Neutral.D．Skeptical.正確答案：B涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解10．Thepurposeofthispassageistointroduce______.A．theInternetofThingsB．theevolutionofcapitalismC．thetechnologicalrevolutionoverthelasttwodecadesD．theriseofnewtechnologyplatformanditsimpactoncapitalism正確答案：D涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解Microbiomehelpsusbydigestingourfood,trainingourimmunesystemsandcrowdingoutotherharmfulmicrobesthatcouldcausedisease.Inreturn,everythingfromthefoodweeattothemedicineswetakecanshapeourmicrobialcommunities—withimportantimplicationsforourhealth.Studieshavefoundthatchangesinourmicrobiomeaccompanymedicalproblemsfromobesitytodiabetestocoloncancer.Asthesecorrelationshaveunfurled,sohasthehopethatwemightfixtheseailmentsbyshuntingourbugstowardhealthierstates.Thegiganticprobioticsindustrycertainlywantsyoutothinkthat,althoughthereislittleevidencethatswallowingafewbillionyogurt-bornebacteriahasmorethanasmallimpactonthetrillionsinourguts.Theboominggenreofmicrobiomedietbooks—self-helpmanualsforthebacterialself—peddlesasimilarline,eventhoughourknowledgeofmicrobe-manipulatingmenusisstillinitsinfancy.Thisquestforahealthymicrobiomehasledsomepeopletotakemeasuresthatarefarmoreextremethansimplyspooningupyogurt.InSeptember,thearchaeologywriterJeffLeachusedaturkeybastertoinfusehisgutswiththefecesofaHadzatribesmanfromTanzania.Doctorshavecarriedouthundredsoffecaltransplants,particularlytotreatpeoplewithunshakableinfectionsofthediarrhea-causingbacteriumClostridiumdifficile.Theprocedurehasbeenspectacularlysuccessful,farmorethanconventionalantibiotics.Mr.LeachexperimentedonhimselfbecauseheviewstheWesternmicrobiomeas“ahotmicrobialmess”.HebelievedtheHadza,withtheirtraditionalhunter-gathererlifestyle,carrydiversemicrobialcommunitiesthatarepresumablyclosertoahealthieranddisappearingideal.Hencethestuntwiththeturkeybaster.Thisreasoninginvokesanincreasinglycommontrope:thatthereisa“normal”or“healthy”microbiomethatoneshouldaimfor.Thereisnot.“Healthy”microbescaneasilyturnrogue.Thoseinourgutsareundoubtedlyhelpful,butiftheycrosstheliningoftheintestineandenterourbloodstream,theycantriggeradebilitatingimmuneresponse.Conversely,“unhealthy”configurationsofmicrobescanbenormal,evennecessary.Researchersfoundthatmicrobiomesgothroughahugeupheavalbythethirdtrimesterofpregnancy.Theyenduplookinglikethemicrobiomesofpeoplewithmetabolicsyndrome—adisorderthatinvolvesobesity,highbloodsugarandahigherriskofdiabetesandheartdisease.Thesecommunitiesmightindicatesomeoneonthevergeofchronicdisease—ormerelymotherhood.Packingfatandbuildingupbloodsugarmakessensewhenyouarenourishingagrowingfetus.Themicrobiomeisateemingcollectionofthousandsofspecies,allconstantlycompetingwithoneanother,evolving,changing.Wemustembraceitscomplexityifwehopetobenefitfromit.11．Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttherelationshipbetweenmicrobiomeandhumanhealth?A．Thegutmicrobiomecanhelppeopleextractthenutrientsfromfoodandexertenormousinfluenceovertheirmetabolism.B．Thehumangutmicrobiomecanadapttoachangingdiet.C．Themicrobiomecancausehealthproblemslikeobesityandcoloncancer.D．Thehumanimmunesystemwillattackmicrobesiftheycrosstheliningoftheintestineandenterbloodstream.正確答案：C涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解12．Theword“shunt”underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A．evadeB．divertC．a(chǎn)voidD．eliminate正確答案：B涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解13．Accordingtothepassage,______claim(s)thatprobioticshelpthegrowthofgoodbacteriawhichareessentialtomaintainnormalhealth.A．scientistsB．probioticsindustryC．a(chǎn)HadzatribesmanD．theauthor正確答案：B涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解14．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthearchaeologywriterJeffLeach?A．Hewasinfectedwiththediarrhea-causingbacteriumClostridiumdifficile.B．HetransplantedthefecesofaHadzatribesmanfromTanzania.C．HewantstoimprovethediversityoftheWesternmicrobiome.D．HebelievesthattheHadzacarryhealthiermicrobiomethanhim.正確答案：A涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解15．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheexperimentofthearchaeologywriter?A．Approving.B．Disapproving.C．Indifferent.D．Neutral.正確答案：B涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解16．Theword“rogue”underlinedinParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto______.A．infashionB．redC．viciousD．rough正確答案：C涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解17．Accordingtothepassage,thefollowingmaybethecausesforobesityandhighbloodpressureEXCEPT______.A．unhealthymicrobesB．pregnancyC．metabolicsyndromeD．chronicdisease正確答案：A涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解18．Accordingtotheauthor,microbiomeis______.A．healthyB．unhealthyC．normalD．context-dependent正確答案：D涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解19．WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Ourmicrobeshaveprobablyadaptedtoourlifestyles.B．Microbiomesvaryaroundtheworld.C．Thesamemicrobescanbebeneficialalliesordangerousthreats.D．Themicrobiomecanonlybereplacedwithsurgery.正確答案：D涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解20．Thepurposeofthepassageisto______.A．introducethefunctionofthemicrobiomeB．explainthedynamicnatureofthemicrobiomeC．criticizethedeceptivebehaviorofsomeindustriesD．encouragepeopletolearnmoreaboutthemicrobiome正確答案：B涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解There’sazaninessaboutbitcoin.Thecurrencyisbuiltonaweirdmixofthemostold-fashionedkindofspeculativegreed,bolsteredbyacontemporaryUtopiancyberlibertarianideology.Boosterssaythatbitcoinisthecurrencyofthefuture.I’darguethatthephenomenonisadigitalgoldrushperfectlyemblematicofthepresent.Someofbitcoin’sappealcomesfromthefactthatitdoesnotphysicallyexist.Eachbitcoinisjustastringofnumbers.Insteadofabank,adecentralizednetworkofcomputersensurestheauthenticityofbitcoinandissuesnewonesbydoingcomplexcalculations.Thisallowsbitcointobetradedpeertopeer,bypassingcreditcardcompaniesandpaymentprocessors.It’sdigitalcash,offeringthesamerelativeanonymityandfreedomasapapersackofbills.Theideasbehindbitcoincanbetracedtoa1988tractcalledtheCryptoAnarchistManifesto,whichloftilypredictedafuturewhereanonymity-protectingtechnologymadestatecontrolofthemarketimpossible.Everythingwouldbeforsaletoanyoneallthetime,100percenttax-free.Manyofbitcoin’shard-corefansseethecurrencyasarevolutionarysteptowardthisanarchocapitalistwonderland.I’mskeptical.Youcan’tusebitcoinformuchtodaybesidesgamblinginonlinecasinosandreservingseatsonVirginGalacticspaceflights,andavastmajorityofitisheldbyspeculators.Evenwiththeimprimaturofgovernmentregulation,thepromiseofbitcoinseemstoendwithhelpingonlineretailersavoidcredit-cardprocessingfees.Bitcoinismainlyinnovativeinthewayofcreditdefaultswaps;newwaystogamblewithmoney.Bitcoinismostinterestingonanemotionallevel.Itssheenoftechnomagichasletuber-rationalgeekstreatthecasino-floorfrenzyasaserioustechnologicalstory.Techblogsbreathlesslytrackthepriceofbitcoin.Eachnewbusinessthatacceptsbitcoinisheraldedwiththefanfareofadespotopeninghiscountry’sborderstoanew,previouslyoutlawedluxury.Thedrumbeatsuggeststhatgettingrichisassimpleasbeinganearlyadopter.SomanyhaveboughtinbecausetheInternetisverygoodatstokingthefearofmissingout.There’sevenatrendyacronym,FOMO,todescribetheanxietyinspiredbyscrollingthroughthesocialmediaaccountsofpeoplehavingmorefunthanyou.BitcoinfostersaparticularlypotentbrandofFOMO.Bitcoinholdershavetakentopostingscreenshotsoftheirswollenaccounts.Iknowaguywhoboughtafewhundreddollars’worthofbitcoinasasortofjokeyearsago.Nowhe’smadeenoughtobuyanicecar.AllIcansayisthatthecrashisgoingtobegreat.Bitcoinistoodependentonspeculativemaniatobeofpracticaluseasacurrency.Butasasymbolofthemisguideddreamthatonecantapintotheglobaldatastreamanddownloadricheslikeapopsong,it’sgold.21．Theword“bolster”underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A．hinderB．blockC．deferD．reinforce正確答案：D涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解22．Accordingtotheauthor,thefollowingpsychologiescontributedtotheinventionofbitcoinEXCEPT______.A．weirdfantasyB．speculationC．greedD．cyberlibertarianideology正確答案：A涉及知識點(diǎn)：閱讀理解23．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthefeaturesofbitcoin?A．Lackofcentralizedauthority.B．Easyandfastpayment.C．Protectionofpersonalidentity.D．Personalcontrolofthemar