考點(diǎn)9閱讀理解推理判斷之寫作方法（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）1.三年真題考點(diǎn)分布考點(diǎn)題型推理判斷之寫作方法閱讀理解2021試卷類型設(shè)問考點(diǎn)2021·北京卷閱讀D32．TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto________．寫作方法20202020·全國新課標(biāo)III32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?寫作方法20122020·全國新高考I山東卷68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.寫作方法2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】近3年新高考卷對(duì)于閱讀理解中沒有對(duì)寫作方法進(jìn)行考查，這不意味著未來不會(huì)考查。高考備考要充分準(zhǔn)備未來可能考的題，不是盲目追風(fēng)必考考過的試題。主要考查：根據(jù)閱讀文章整體或某一段落的內(nèi)容推斷寫作手法。推斷寫作方法的方法：1.通過分析文章內(nèi)容，斷定文章采用的寫作方法，即舉例說明法、比較說明法、對(duì)比說明或論證法、設(shè)問引起讀者注意等；2.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，如果是記敘文，通常采用以時(shí)間為序、以地點(diǎn)為序、以故事情節(jié)發(fā)展為序（開端、發(fā)展、高潮、結(jié)局）等敘事方式進(jìn)行寫作。也可能是倒敘的方法?！緜淇疾呗浴肯到y(tǒng)歸類推斷文章寫作方法；熟練掌握閱讀技能?！久}預(yù)測(cè)】通過閱讀理解中，推斷文章寫作方法考查考生的基本的寫作技能，在新高考命題中很可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)。推斷文章寫作方法的命題依據(jù)是：新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中要求學(xué)生掌握：常見文章文體的寫作方法。因此，推斷文章寫作方法的推理判斷題，有可能在2024年高考中將成為高考閱讀理解的題型，應(yīng)該倍加注意?！?023年高考命題預(yù)測(cè)】推理判斷之寫作手法考點(diǎn)是高考中的常考點(diǎn)。作者在寫作文章的時(shí)候總是要用一些寫作手法，了解寫作手法是學(xué)生閱讀理解要掌握的內(nèi)容之一。做這類題時(shí)，我們可以借鑒中文的一些寫作手法，在寫作方法上它們是相通的。預(yù)測(cè)在2023高考中，寫作手法有可能會(huì)在高考閱讀理解中呈現(xiàn)。【推理判斷之寫作手法考點(diǎn)指南】規(guī)律方法：常見的設(shè)問方式：（1）Howisthepassageorganized?（2）Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby_________.（3）Thefirstparagraphservesasa（n）

__________.（4）Theexampleof…isgiventoshow/illustratethat__________. 了解文章的修辭手法。從修辭手法上講，在高考閱讀中主要考查下定義、分類說明、列舉例證和對(duì)比等寫作手法。其中，“引用”和“例證”是議論文和說明文中最常用的寫作手法之一。是歷年高考閱讀試題中必不可缺的命題方向。“引用”和“例證”的共同目的就是增強(qiáng)說服力，以更好的達(dá)到說理、說明的目的。“引用”和“例證”的共同功能就是服務(wù)于段落或篇章的主題。說明文往往采取下定義、舉例子、列數(shù)字、對(duì)比或比較等說明方式進(jìn)行寫作，而這些說明方式都是為了使文章要說明的內(nèi)容或問題更加清晰明了、真實(shí)可信，或者更具說服力。記敘文可以采取以時(shí)間為序、以地點(diǎn)為序、以故事情節(jié)發(fā)展為序（開端、發(fā)展、高潮、結(jié)局）等敘事方式進(jìn)行寫作。以故事情節(jié)為序又可以不按照時(shí)間的先后順序敘述，比如，先寫結(jié)局，再寫其他，最后寫高潮，這種敘事手法叫做倒敘。[2012·全國卷Ⅰ，D]

Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(嘗試)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突擊學(xué)習(xí))foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.A.presentingresearchfindingsB.settingdowngeneralrulesC.makingacomparisonD.usingexamples【答案】68.D【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。成年人常常驚嘆他們能很好地記住兒時(shí)學(xué)過的東西。作者認(rèn)為這是兒時(shí)過度學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果，是因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們兒時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)一樣?xùn)|西的時(shí)候，我們不是就此停止，而是繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，才使我們記憶深刻。文章用例證法說明了“過度學(xué)習(xí)”的概念。最后作者談到了“過度學(xué)習(xí)”的好處和突擊學(xué)習(xí)的弊端?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知：作者采用了舉例子的說明方法。比如：practicesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem和Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.1.【2023屆安徽省A10聯(lián)盟高考最后一卷】Waterequalslife.Thisistrueforpeople,animalsandplants.Andwhilewaterisplentifulinsomelocations,thisisnotthecaseallovertheworld.NowscientistsfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)mayhavedevelopedawaytochangethat.Thenewdesalination(脫鹽)deviceproduceswateractuallyabovetheWorldHealthOrganizationstandards,justbypushingabutton.Therearenofilters(過濾器)required,andthedeviceuseselectricalpowertoremovesaltandotherparticles(微粒)—includingbacteriaandviruses—fromthesaltwater.Thisreducestheneedforconstantmaintenance.Mostcommerciallyavailableportabledesalinationunitsusefiltersthatrequirehigh-pressurepumpstopushthewater,whichmakesthemhugeinsizeandlessenergyefficient.ThefilterlessMITdevicewillallowittobeusedinremoteorresource-limitedplaceslikesmallislands,ships,andevenforemergencyuse.Thedevicetookyearstodevelop.Afterrunningtestsinthelabwithwaterthathaddifferentsalinityandparticles,itwastestedatBoston’sCarsonBeach.Thedeviceproduceddrinkablewaterinjusthalfanhour.Thenewdesalinationunitneedslesspowerthanacellphonecharger,reportedFastCompany,andworksusingtwotypesofelectricalfieldstofilterthesaltwater.Butbestofall,itisdesignedtobeusedbyaveragepeopleandnotengineers.Infact,thedeviceonlyhasthreebuttons,onetopowerthedevice,onetostartit,andonetostopit.Theresearchersarestillworkingonafinaldesignthatcouldusecheapermaterialstomakeitreadybytheendofnextyear.Thissmallbutmightydesalinationunitmaybethekeytobringingsafewatertoathirstyworld.1．What’stheadvantageofthenewdesalinationdevice?A．It’sconvenient. B．Ifsalotcheaper.C．Ithasimprovedfilters. D．Ithasalargeroutput.2．Howisthethirdparagraphdeveloped?A．Bymakingcomparisons. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byanalyzingcauses. D．Bylistingfigures.3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthemostoutstandingqualityofthenewdevice?A．Itrequiresmuchlesspower.B．Itpossessestwoelectricalfields.C．Itcanbeeasilyoperatedbyordinarypeople.D．Itiscontrolledbythesamebutton.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．DeeperresearchfindsnewcontentsofseawaterB．BettermethodimprovesthequalityofdrinkingwaterC．ReportshowsaworldthirstyforsafedrinkingwaterD．Newportabledevicemakesseawaterdrinkableontheway【答案】1．A2．A3．C4．D【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一款新的即將面市的便攜式海水脫鹽設(shè)備，它操作方便，體積雖小但功能強(qiáng)大，普通人也能使用，可以為我們?nèi)彼氖澜鐜戆踩捎玫?．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thenewdesalination(脫鹽)deviceproduceswateractuallyabovetheWorldHealthOrganizationstandards,justbypushingabutton.(這種新的海水脫鹽裝置只需要按下一個(gè)按鈕，就能產(chǎn)生高于世界衛(wèi)生組織標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的水)”可知，這個(gè)新的脫鹽設(shè)備的優(yōu)勢(shì)是操作非常方便。故選A項(xiàng)。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Mostcommerciallyavailableportabledesalinationunitsusefiltersthatrequirehigh-pressurepumpstopushthewater,whichmakesthemhugeinsizeandlessenergyefficient.ThefilterlessMITdevicewillallowittobeusedinremoteorresource-limitedplaceslikesmallislands,ships,andevenforemergencyuse.(大多數(shù)商業(yè)上可用的便攜式海水脫鹽裝置使用的過濾器需要高壓泵來推動(dòng)水，這使得它們體積龐大，能源效率較低。這種無過濾器的MIT設(shè)備可以在偏遠(yuǎn)或資源有限的地方使用，比如小島、船只，甚至是緊急情況下使用)”可知，第三段主要通過對(duì)比新的脫鹽設(shè)備和其他商業(yè)上可用的便攜式脫鹽設(shè)備來說明新設(shè)備的優(yōu)勢(shì)。由此推知，這段是通過對(duì)比來發(fā)展的。故選A項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Butbestofall,itisdesignedtobeusedbyaveragepeopleandnotengineers.(但最重要的是，它是為普通人而不是工程師設(shè)計(jì)的)”可知，作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)新設(shè)備最突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是普通人也可以輕松操作。故選C項(xiàng)。4．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了一款新的即將面市的便攜式海水脫鹽設(shè)備，它操作方便，體積雖小但功能強(qiáng)大，普通人也能使用，可以為我們?nèi)彼氖澜鐜戆踩捎玫?。由此可知，D項(xiàng)“新的便攜式設(shè)備即將使海水可以飲用”符合文章大意，適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。2.【2023屆江蘇省徐州市高三5月考前模擬】Ifreducingstresshasbeenonyoursummertodolist,there’sonepowerfulthingyoucanstilldobeforetheseasonends:getinthehabitoftakingawalkoutsidewithafriend.Aquickwalkinnaturewithafriendcombinesthreeofthemosteffectivestress-reducingandresilience(恢復(fù)力)buildingtechniques:physicalexercise,spendingtimeinnatureandsocialconnection.Theactivityworksbyhelpingnormalizethehormonalchangesthatresultfromlongtimestressandenhancingtheemotionalresourcesthathelpuscope.Walkingquicklyactivates(激活)thebody`sstressresponse.Andwhenthewalkisover,thestresssystemcomesbackdowntobaseline.Regularexercisehelpsyourstressresponsebecomemoreefficient,saysJenniferHeisz,associateprofessoratMcMasterUniversity.Aslittleas10minutesofsittingorwalkinginnaturecandecreaseaperson’sheartrate,bloodpressureandcortisollevels,aswellasself-reportedstresslevels.Onepossibleexplanation,theresearcherssay,isthatspendingtimeinnaturelowerstheactivityofoursympatheticnervoussystem,whichregulatesstresshormones,andtapsintotheparasympathetic(副交感)nervoussystem,whichpromotesourcalmandrelaxationresponses.Takingthathikewithalovedonecanfurtherreducestressbyaddingtheimportantelementofsocialconnection.Talkingwithtrustedfriendshelpspeopleprocessstressfuleventsandliftsself-esteem.Socialsupporthaspositiveeffectsonthebrainandbody,scientificresearchfinds.Earlierthisyear,CassieMorenowasinarutofstressandanxiety.Shewasstartinganewjob,strugglingtomakenewfriendsduringthepandemic,andgoingthroughabreakup.StrollingalongtheHudsonRiverwithotherwomen,the26-year-oldMainenativesaysshefeltanimmediatesurgeofconfidenceandcalm.“Iwas,like,howdowelivehere?Lookatthewater!LookattheStatueofLiberty!Howdidwegetthislucky?”shesays.1．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph2?A．Toexplainarule. B．Toclarifyanargument.C．Topresentafact. D．Tointroduceatopic.2．Whatisanadvantageofspendingtimeinnature?A．Reducingbloodpressure. B．Liftingself-esteem.C．Raisingstresshormones. D．Activatingnervoussystem.3．WhatdoesCassieMoreno’sremarkinthelastparagraphindicate?A．Shewasrefreshedwithconfidence.B．Shewasinastateofstressandanxiety.C．Shewasstrugglingthroughahardtime.D．Shewasamazedbythefantasticscenery.4．Howisthepassagedeveloped?A．Bygivingexplanations. B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Bylistingexamples. D．Byprovingassumptions.【答案】1．B2．A3．A4．A【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了在大自然中快速行走有益于身心健康。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Aquickwalkinnaturewithafriendcombinesthreeofthemosteffectivestress-reducingandresilience(恢復(fù)力)buildingtechniques:physicalexercise,spendingtimeinnatureandsocialconnection.(與朋友在大自然中快速漫步組合了三種最有效的減壓和恢復(fù)能力建設(shè)技巧：體育鍛煉、在大自然中度過時(shí)光和社交聯(lián)系)”可知，此處是要回答上文的問題，可推理出此處要闡釋上文提出的觀點(diǎn)，故選B項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Aslittleas10minutesofsittingorwalkinginnaturecandecreaseaperson’sheartrate,bloodpressureandcortisollevels,aswellasself-reportedstresslevels.(在大自然中坐著或走路只要10分鐘，就能降低一個(gè)人的心率、血壓和皮質(zhì)醇水平，以及自我報(bào)告的壓力水平)”可知，在大自然中坐著能降低血壓水平，故選A項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“StrollingalongtheHudsonRiverwithotherwomen,the26-year-oldMainenativesaysshefeltanimmediatesurgeofconfidenceandcalm.(這位26歲的緬因州本地人和其他女性一起沿著哈德遜河漫步，她說自己立刻涌起了一股自信和平靜的力量)”可推理出，CassieMoreno感到信心十足，精神抖擻，故選A項(xiàng)。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifreducingstresshasbeenonyoursummertodolist,there’sonepowerfulthingyoucanstilldobeforetheseasonends:getinthehabitoftakingawalkoutsidewithafriend.(如果減輕壓力已經(jīng)列入了你夏天的任務(wù)清單，那么在這個(gè)季節(jié)結(jié)束之前，你仍然可以做一件很有影響力的事情：養(yǎng)成和朋友出去散步的習(xí)慣)”、第二段“Aquickwalkinnaturewithafriendcombinesthreeofthemosteffectivestress-reducingandresilience(恢復(fù)力)buildingtechniques:physicalexercise,spendingtimeinnatureandsocialconnection.(與朋友在大自然中快速漫步組合了三種最有效的減壓和恢復(fù)能力建設(shè)技巧：體育鍛煉、在大自然中度過時(shí)光和社交聯(lián)系)”、第四段“Aslittleas10minutesofsittingorwalkinginnaturecandecreaseaperson’sheartrate,bloodpressureandcortisollevels,aswellasself-reportedstresslevels.(在大自然中坐著或走路只要10分鐘，就能降低一個(gè)人的心率、血壓和皮質(zhì)醇水平，以及自我報(bào)告的壓力水平)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“StrollingalongtheHudsonRiverwithotherwomen,the26-year-oldMainenativesaysshefeltanimmediatesurgeofconfidenceandcalm.(這位26歲的緬因州本地人和其他女性一起沿著哈德遜河漫步，她說自己立刻涌起了一股自信和平靜的力量)”可知，本文在開頭提出概念，后續(xù)段落對(duì)這一概念進(jìn)行解釋，使用了解釋概念的方式，故選A項(xiàng)?；A(chǔ)過關(guān)（最新模擬試題演練）1.【2023屆浙江省四校（杭州二中、溫州中學(xué)、紹興一中、金華一中）高三5月聯(lián)考】AsanintenseheatwavesweepsthroughChina,residentsareseekingreliefinairraidsheltersandswimmingpoolstostaycool,anddozensofcities,includingShanghai,ChongqingandHangzhou,haveissuedtheirhighest-levelredalertwarnings.Shanghaihasissuedthreeredalertsthisyear,withthetemperaturehitting40.9CelsiusonJuly13,matchingtherecordsetin2017since1873.ThefactthatShanghaihasexperiencedonly16daysof40°C-plustemperaturessincethecitybegankeepingrecordsin1873shouldgiveusanideaabouttheseriousnessofthesituation.Medicalexpertssayextremeheatcouldcausenausea(惡心),fatigue,sunstrokeandevendeath,withseniorcitizensandpeoplewithlong-termillnessesparticularlyvulnerabletoheatwaves.Extremeheatevents,whichbeganamonthago,haveaffectedthelivesofmorethan900millionpeopleinChina.BetweenJune1andJuly12,theaveragenumberofdayswithtemperaturesabove35°Cwas5.3,up2.4daysovernormalyears,breakingthenationalrecordsetin1961,accordingtotheNationalClimateCenter.PartsofEuropearealsointhegripofheatwavesandexperiencingextremeweathereventsafterthewesternpartofNorthAmericafacedextremeheatwaveslastyear.Inresponsetotheexceptionallyhightemperatures,theUnitedKingdomhasdeclaredanationalemergencyandissuedthehighest-levelredalertwarningforMondayandTuesdayforthefirsttime.Morealarmingly,theaverageglobaltemperatureinJunethisyearwas0.4°Chigherthannormalyearsandthehighestsince1979,withtemperaturesincountriessuchasSpain,FranceandItalyexceeding40°C．Unfortunately,extremeheat,whichisdirectlyrelatedtoclimatechange,willbecomemorefrequentandintenseinthenext30years,settingnewrecordsforhightemperatures.Asglobalwarmingintensifies,lossesanddevastationwillincrease,forcingnaturalandhumansystemstoraisetheiradaptationlimits.1．Whatcanweknowabouttheheatwavesthisyear?A．Itmaycausemoreharmtotheoldandpeoplewithlong-termillnesses.B．Thenumberofdaysabove35°CinJunebreaksthenationalrecord.C．Shanghaihasexperiencedahighertemperaturethanthatin2017.D．ThewholeEuropeaswellasAmericaaresufferingfromtheheatwaves.2．Howdoestheauthordevelopthetext?A．Byanalyzingandconcluding. B．Byexplainingandcontrasting.C．Bygivingexamplesandquoting. D．Bygivingfiguresandcomparing.3．Accordingtothewriter,whatisthetrendofextremeheat?A．Becomingmoreserious. B．Remainingstable.C．Stayingunpredictable. D．Gettingcontrollable.4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thesolutionstotheclimatechange. B．Theeconomiclossesfromheatwaves.C．Theincreaseofsevereheatwaves. D．Thedestructiveeffectofglobalwarming.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了高溫天氣的危害以及高溫天氣的增加情況。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Medicalexpertssayextremeheatcouldcausenausea(惡心),fatigue,sunstrokeandevendeath,withseniorcitizensandpeoplewithlong-termillnessesparticularlyvulnerabletoheatwaves.(醫(yī)學(xué)專家表示，極端高溫會(huì)導(dǎo)致惡心、疲勞、中暑甚至死亡，老年人和長(zhǎng)期病患者尤其容易受到高溫的影響)”可知，今年的高溫可能對(duì)老年人和有長(zhǎng)期疾病的人造成更大的傷害。故選A。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Shanghaihasissuedthreeredalertsthisyear,withthetemperaturehitting40.9CelsiusonJuly13,matchingtherecordsetin2017since1873.ThefactthatShanghaihasexperiencedonly16daysof40°C-plustemperaturessincethecitybegankeepingrecordsin1873shouldgiveusanideaabouttheseriousnessofthesituation.(上海今年發(fā)布了三次紅色預(yù)警，7月13日氣溫達(dá)到40.9攝氏度，追平了自1873年以來2017年創(chuàng)下的紀(jì)錄。上海自1873年開始記錄氣溫以來，只有16天氣溫超過40攝氏度，這一事實(shí)應(yīng)該讓我們了解到情況的嚴(yán)重性)”以及第三段“Extremeheatevents,whichbeganamonthago,haveaffectedthelivesofmorethan900millionpeopleinChina.BetweenJune1andJuly12,theaveragenumberofdayswithtemperaturesabove35°Cwas5.3,up2.4daysovernormalyears,breakingthenationalrecordsetin1961,accordingtotheNationalClimateCenter.(一個(gè)月前開始的極端高溫天氣已經(jīng)影響了中國9億多人的生活。根據(jù)國家氣候中心的數(shù)據(jù)，6月1日至7月12日期間，平均氣溫在35℃以上的天數(shù)為5.3天，比正常年份增加2.4天，打破了1961年創(chuàng)下的全國紀(jì)錄)”可推知，作者通過給出數(shù)字和比較展開文章。故選D。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Unfortunately,extremeheat,whichisdirectlyrelatedtoclimatechange,willbecomemorefrequentandintenseinthenext30years,settingnewrecordsforhightemperatures.(不幸的是，與氣候變化直接相關(guān)的極端高溫將在未來30年變得更加頻繁和強(qiáng)烈，創(chuàng)造新的高溫記錄)”可知，根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，極端高溫的趨勢(shì)會(huì)變得越來越嚴(yán)重。故選A。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“AsanintenseheatwavesweepsthroughChina,residentsareseekingreliefinairraidsheltersandswimmingpoolstostaycool,anddozensofcities,includingShanghai,ChongqingandHangzhou,haveissuedtheirhighest-levelredalertwarnings.(隨著強(qiáng)烈的高溫席卷中國，居民們紛紛到防空洞和游泳池尋求降溫，包括上海、重慶和杭州在內(nèi)的數(shù)十個(gè)城市發(fā)布了最高級(jí)別的紅色預(yù)警)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了高溫天氣的危害以及高溫天氣的增加情況?？芍?，這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是嚴(yán)重高溫的增加。故選C。2.【2023年遼寧省高三第二次全省統(tǒng)考暨朝陽市第一高級(jí)中學(xué)高三四?！縏hreeFormatsofBooksPrintedbooksaremostlyproducedinthreefundamentalformats:Hardcover,TradePaperback,andMassMarketPaperback.Ahardcover(alsoknownashardbackorhardbound)isatypeofbookthatisboundwithhardandrigidprotectivecoversandthepagesareoftenstronglyheldtogetherwithstichesorstaples(縫線或訂書釘).Theyarethemostexpensiveofthethreeformats.Atradepaperback(morecommonlyknownaspaperback)isatypeofbookcharacterizedbyathickpaperorpaperboardcover.Theirpagesareoftenheldwithglueratherthanstitchesorstaples.Tradepaperbacksarecheaperthanhardcoversbutcostlierthanmassmarketpaperbacks.Massmarketpaperbacksarebasicallysmallsizedbooksprintedonalowerqualitypaperwithaninexpensivebinding.Theyarecheapertoproduceandmostlysoldinnontraditionalbooksellinglocationssuchasdrugstores,supermarkets,railwaystations,andairports,aswellasintraditionalbookstores.Massmarketpaperbacksareproducedtotargetabiggermarket.Duetotheirlowproductioncosttheycanbemadeavailabletoalargemassofpeopleatcheaperandaffordablerates.Massmarketpaperbackbooksaresmallerinsize(usuallyabout4incheswideand7inchestall)andtheirfont(字體)sizeisalsocomparativelysmaller.Besides,massmarketpaperbacksmostlydonothaveanyillustrations(pictures,diagrams,andotherdecorativefeatures)thatmaybepresentinthehardcoverorthepaperbackformatsofthatsamebook.Anotherveryimportantfeatureofmassmarketpaperbacksisthattheyaremostlystrippablebooks.“Strippable”simplymeansthatabook’scovercanbetornoff(orstrippedof)bythebookretailersordistributor,andthensentbacktothebookpublisherforarefund(退款；返還款).So,whenthebooksellersnoticethatsomemassmarketpaperbackbookshavebeeninstockforawhileandarenotsellingwell,theycansimplystripoffthecoversofthosebooksandreturnthemtothepublishersforrefund.Thepartofthebookleftafterthecoverissippedoffisillegaltosellandhastoberecycled.1．What’sspecialforhardcoverbookscomparedwiththeothertwo?A．They’renoteasilybroken.B．Theircoverscanbestrippedoff.C．Theyhavethelargestnumberofconsumers.D．Theyareofexcellentqualityandbargainprice.2．Whatformatissuitableforstudents’textbooksaccordingtothetext?A．Hardcover. B．Tradepaperback.C．Massmarketpaperback. D．Hardbound.3．Whatcanyoulearnaboutmassmarketpaperbackbooksfromthetext?A．Theyhavevariousdecorativefeatures.B．Thosewithoutcoverscanbesoldcheaply.C．Brochuresbelongtomassmarketpaperbackbooks.D．Theycanbereturnedtothepublishersifnotdamaged.4．Howdoesthewriterdevelopthistext?A．Byofferingfigures. B．Bytellingastory.C．Bygivingexamples. D．Bymakingacomparison.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了三種格式的書：精裝、普通平裝和大眾市場(chǎng)平裝以及它們的特點(diǎn)。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ahardcover(alsoknownashardbackorhardbound)isatypeofbookthatisboundwithhardandrigidprotectivecoversandthepagesareoftenstronglyheldtogetherwithstichesorstaples(縫線或訂書釘).(精裝書是一種用堅(jiān)硬的保護(hù)封面裝訂的書，書頁通常用針或訂書釘牢固地固定在一起。)”，第三段“Atradepaperback(morecommonlyknownaspaperback)isatypeofbookcharacterizedbyathickpaperorpaperboardcover.Theirpagesareoftenheldwithglueratherthanstitchesorstaples.(普通平裝書是一種以厚紙或紙板封面為特征的書。它們的書頁通常是用膠水而不是針腳或訂書釘固定的。)”和第四段“Massmarketpaperbacksarebasicallysmallsizedbooksprintedonalowerqualitypaperwithaninexpensivebinding.(大眾市場(chǎng)的平裝書基本上是用較低質(zhì)量的紙張和廉價(jià)的裝幀印刷的小尺寸書籍。)”可知與其他兩種書籍相比，精裝書比較結(jié)實(shí)，不容易壞，故選A。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Atradepaperback(morecommonlyknownaspaperback)isatypeofbookcharacterizedbyathickpaperorpaperboardcover.Theirpagesareoftenheldwithglueratherthanstitchesorstaples.Tradepaperbacksarecheaperthanhardcoversbutcostlierthanmassmarketpaperbacks.(普通平裝書(通常稱為平裝書)是一種以厚紙或紙板封面為特征的書。它們的書頁通常是用膠水而不是針腳或訂書釘固定的。普通平裝書比精裝書便宜，但比大眾市場(chǎng)的平裝書貴。)”和第五段“Besides,massmarketpaperbacksmostlydonothaveanyillustrations(pictures,diagrams,andotherdecorativefeatures)thatmaybepresentinthehardcoverorthepaperbackformatsofthatsamebook.(此外，大眾市場(chǎng)的平裝書大多沒有任何插圖（圖片、圖表和其他裝飾特征），這些插圖可能出現(xiàn)在同一本書的精裝本或平裝本中。)”可推斷普通平裝書更適合學(xué)生使用，它比精裝書便宜，會(huì)有插圖并且還比大眾平裝書結(jié)實(shí)，故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Massmarketpaperbacksareproducedtotargetabiggermarket.Duetotheirlowproductioncosttheycanbemadeavailabletoalargemassofpeopleatcheaperandaffordablerates.Massmarketpaperbackbooksaresmallerinsize(usuallyabout4incheswideand7inchestall)andtheirfont(字體)sizeisalsocomparativelysmaller.Besides,massmarketpaperbacksmostlydonothaveanyillustrations(pictures,diagrams,andotherdecorativefeatures)thatmaybepresentinthehardcoverorthepaperbackformatsofthatsamebook.(大眾市場(chǎng)的平裝書是針對(duì)更大的市場(chǎng)而生產(chǎn)的。由于它們的低生產(chǎn)成本，它們可以以更便宜和負(fù)擔(dān)得起的價(jià)格提供給大量的人。大眾市場(chǎng)的平裝書尺寸較小(通常約為4英寸寬，7英寸高)，字體也相對(duì)較小。此外，大眾市場(chǎng)的平裝書大多沒有任何插圖(圖片、圖表和其他裝飾特征)，而在同一本書的精裝書或平裝書中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)這些插圖。)”由此可推測(cè)手冊(cè)屬于大眾市場(chǎng)的平裝書。故選C。4．推理判斷題。通讀全文，可知文章介紹了三種格式的書：精裝、普通平裝和大眾市場(chǎng)平裝，并通過書籍的裝訂，紙張厚度，紙張規(guī)格，價(jià)格等方面進(jìn)行比較來說明它們各自的特點(diǎn)，因此推斷作者通過比較來展開這篇文章的，故選D。3.【廣東省汕尾、珠海市等大灣區(qū)聯(lián)考2023屆高三學(xué)生調(diào)研】Researchintosocialrobotshasshownthatmachinesthatareatthecuttingedgeofinteractioncanrespondtofeelingsandemotionallycarefortheweak,theelderlyandchildren.Robinwasdesignedasacompanionrobottoprovideemotionalsupportforchildrenreceivingmedicaltreatment.Robinexplainsmedicalprocedurestothem,playsgamesandtellsstories,andduringtreatmentdistractsthemtoreducetheirsenseofpain.TherobotusesAItounderstandotherpeople’sfeelings,rememberingfacialexpressionsandconversationstobuilddialogueforfollow-upsessions.IntrialsattheWigmoreMedical(UK)PediatricClinicinYerevan,Armenia,theteamfoundthatRobinledtoa34%decreaseinstressandanincreaseinhappinessof26%inthe120childrenwhointeractedwithhimatleastonce.Healthcarerobotscouldallbenefitfromdisplayingemotionalintelligence,bothrecognizingandrespondingtohumanemotions,andtosomeextent,managingthem.Theproblemwiththisisthefearthathumanjobsmaybelostasrobotsbecomebetterathandlingsocialsituations.Populationtrendssuggestthatthedemandforrobotstoworkalongsidepeopleincaresituationswillgrowovertime.By2050,thenumberofpeopleaged65andovergloballywillbe1.6billion(17%),roughlytwicetheproportionofwhatitistoday.Anextra3.5millioncareworkerswillbeneededandthatwillincludeemotionallyintelligentrobots.Today’ssimplesystemsarebeingtrainedtomeetthatdemand.Thisincludesalittlewheeledrobotthatcanguesshowyouarefeelingfromthewayyouwalk,andtherobotfromtheUniversityofLincolnintheUK—whohelpselderlypeopletostayphysicallyandmentallyactive.Theimpactofsocialrobotsonourlivestodatehasbeentiny.Butnewmodelsarebeingintroducedthatcouldmakethebreakthrough.Humanemotionsaredifficulttodefine,butastrustinrobotsincreases,breakingdownthepsychologicalbarrierbecomeseasiertoimagine.1．Whataresocialrobotsuniquelycapableof?A．Liftingheavypackagesupstairsforweakpeople.B．Teachingmentallyillteensemotionalexpressions.C．Cookingdeliciousdishesforthedisabledathome.D．Playingsongsforblindpeopleontheirrequest.2．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Robin’sfunctiontoreducepain.B．Robin’spopularityinhospitals.C．Robin’spracticalapplication.D．Robin’ssuccessinpassingtests.3．Howisparagraph4developed?A．Byconcludingviewpoints.B．Byanalyzingcauses.C．Bymakingcomparison.D．Bygivingdefinition.4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhumanjobreplacementbyrobots?A．ItisalreadyhappeningthroughoutUK.B．Humansneedtoworkhardtosecurejobs.C．Robotscanonlymeetbasichumanneeds.D．It’sanunstoppableandbeneficialtrend.【文章大意】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了對(duì)社交機(jī)器人的研究：以Robin為例，處于互動(dòng)前沿的機(jī)器可以對(duì)情感做出反應(yīng)，并在情感上照顧弱者、老人和兒童，作者認(rèn)為用社交機(jī)器人來看護(hù)將會(huì)是一個(gè)不可阻擋的有益的趨勢(shì)。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Researchintosocialrobotshasshownthatmachinesthatareatthecuttingedgeofinteractioncanrespondtofeelingsandemotionallycarefortheweak,theelderlyandchildren.(對(duì)社交機(jī)器人的研究表明，處于互動(dòng)前沿的機(jī)器可以對(duì)情緒做出反應(yīng)，并在情感上照顧弱者、老人和兒童。)”可知，社交機(jī)器人可以對(duì)情緒（feelings）作出回應(yīng)并在情感上（emotionally）關(guān)愛弱者、老年人和小孩，這是它的不同之處，與題目中的uniquely相呼應(yīng)，故B項(xiàng)“教患有精神疾病的青少年情緒表達(dá)”與文章內(nèi)容相符，其余選項(xiàng)均非情感上的幫助。故選B項(xiàng)。2．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Robinwasdesignedasacompanionrobottoprovideemotionalsupportforchildrenreceivingmedicaltreatment.Robinexplainsmedicalprocedurestothem,playsgamesandtellsstories,andduringtreatmentdistractsthemtoreducetheirsenseofpain.TherobotusesAItounderstandotherpeople’sfeelings,rememberingfacialexpressionsandconversationstobuilddialogueforfollow-upsessions.IntrialsattheWigmoreMedical(UK)PediatricClinicinYerevan,Armenia,theteamfoundthatRobinledtoa34%decreaseinstressandanincreaseinhappinessof26%inthe120childrenwhointeractedwithhimatleastonce.(羅賓被設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)陪伴機(jī)器人，為接受治療的兒童提供情感支持。羅賓向他們解釋醫(yī)療程序，玩游戲，講故事，并在治療期間分散他們的注意力，以減輕他們的痛感。該機(jī)器人使用人工智能來理解他人的感受，記住面部表情和對(duì)話，為后續(xù)會(huì)話建立對(duì)話。在亞美尼亞埃里溫威格莫爾醫(yī)學(xué)（英國）兒科診所的試驗(yàn)中，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，在120名使用羅賓機(jī)器人的兒童中，他們的壓力減少了34%，幸福感增加了26%)”可知，本段介紹了Robin這款為接受治療的孩子提供情感支持而設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)器人的實(shí)際用途及其帶來的積極影響。故選C項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Populationtrendssuggestthatthedemandforrobotstoworkalongsidepeopleincaresituationswillgrowovertime.By2050,thenumberofpeopleaged65andovergloballywillbe1.6billion(17%),roughlytwicetheproportionofwhatitistoday.Anextra3.5millioncareworkerswillbeneededandthatwillincludeemotionallyintelligentrobots.(人口趨勢(shì)表明，隨著時(shí)間的推移，對(duì)機(jī)器人與護(hù)理人員一起工作的需求將會(huì)增長(zhǎng)。到2050年，全球65歲及以上的人口數(shù)量將達(dá)到16億，占17%，大約是目前比例的兩倍。英國還需要350萬名護(hù)工，其中包括具有情感智能的機(jī)器人。)”可知，本段的中心句為第一句：人口趨勢(shì)表明機(jī)器人與護(hù)理人員一起工作的需求將會(huì)逐步增長(zhǎng)。接著，進(jìn)一步闡述了原因：是未來老齡化人口的增長(zhǎng)將導(dǎo)致護(hù)理人員需求的增加，其中也包括具有情感智能的機(jī)器人。因此，第四段是通過分析原因（analyzecauses）展開的。故選B項(xiàng)。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Researchintosocialrobotshasshownthatmachinesthatareatthecuttingedgeofinteractioncanrespondtofeelingsandemotionallycarefortheweak,theelderlyandchildren.(對(duì)社交機(jī)器人的研究表明，處于互動(dòng)前沿的機(jī)器可以對(duì)情緒做出反應(yīng)，并在情感上照顧弱者、老人和兒童。)”，第三段“Theproblemwiththisisthefearthathumanjobsmaybelostasrobotsbecomebetterathandlingsocialsituations.(問題在于，隨著機(jī)器人變得更擅長(zhǎng)處理社交場(chǎng)合，人們擔(dān)心人類的工作可能會(huì)失去。)”，第四段“Populationtrendssuggestthatthedemandfo