Afterlearningthisunit,youwillbeableto:pausebetweensensegroupsproperlypromptsomeoneformoreinformationusepersuasioninapresentationillustrateyourunderstandingofharmonywithexamplesfromChinaWorkinpairsandbrainstormthewordsandphrasesthatarerelatedtotheword“war”.Puttheminthewebchartbelow.Referenceanswers:

army,battle,weapon,bomb,attack,explode,fight,kill,shoot,win,defeat,defend,destroy,declarationofwar,warcrime,civilwar,wareconomy…Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1Canyoulistsomefamouswarsinhistory?

2Whatcausesacountrytoengageinwar?

1Canyoulistsomefamouswarsinhistory?Referenceanswers:

WorldWarI

WorldWarII

theAmericanCivilWar

theChinesePeople’sWarofResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggressionNextpage2Whatcausesacountrytoengageinwar?

Referenceanswers:

Herearesomecommonreasonsforacountrytoengageinwar:Landdisputes:Whencountrieshaveconflictsoverterritoryorborders,itcanleadtoarmedbattles.Disagreementsaboutlandorcontrolofimportantareascanintensifyintoafull-scalewar.Differencesinbeliefs:Conflictscanariseduetodifferencesinpoliticalideologies,religiousbeliefs,orculturalvalues.Whentwoormorecountriesstronglydisagreeonfundamentalprinciples,itcancreatetensionsandfuelconfrontations.Securityconcerns:Countriesmayengageinwartoprotecttheirsafetyandrespondtothreats.Thiscanhappenwhenacountryfeelsthreatenedbyanothercountry’smilitaryactions,alliances,orweapondevelopment.Economicinterests:Economicfactorslikecontroloverresources,traderoutes,oreconomicdominancecanbestrongmotivationsforconflicts.Countriesmaygotowartosecureaccesstovaluableresourcesormarketsthatareimportantfortheireconomy.Listentoapassage.Markthesensegroupswherethespeakerpausesinreading.Worldpeaceistheonethingweallhopefor.Iwonderifitwillevercome,thoughitseemssosimple,really.Whycannoteveryoneliveinpeace?Itseemsaloteasierthanfightinguselesswars.Inaworldfreeofwar,everyone’slifewouldbebetter.Governmentscouldspendallthemoneytheywasteonarmiesoneducationandhealthcareinstead.Wereallyneedpeace.Therehavebeentoomanywarsinhistory.Iwouldsayover99percentofpeoplearoundtheworldwantpeace.Onlyatinyminoritymaynotwantpeacebuteventheysaytheydo.Worldleadersneedtothinkmorecarefullyabouthowtheycanachieveworldwidepeace.Worldpeaceistheonething/weallhopefor./Iwonder/ifitwillevercome,/thoughitseemssosimple,really./Whycannoteveryoneliveinpeace?/Itseemsaloteasier/thanfightinguselesswars./Inaworldfreeofwar,/everyone’slifewouldbebetter./Governmentscouldspendallthemoney/theywasteonarmies/oneducationandhealthcareinstead./Wereallyneedpeace./Therehavebeentoomanywars/inhistory./Iwouldsay/over99percentofpeoplearoundtheworld/wantpeace./Onlyatinyminority/maynotwantpeace/buteventheysaytheydo./Worldleadersneedtothinkmorecarefully/abouthowtheycanachieveworldwidepeace.Referenceanswers:

Worldpeaceistheonethingweallhopefor.Iwonderifitwillevercome,thoughitseemssosimple,really.Whycannoteveryoneliveinpeace?Itseemsaloteasierthanfightinguselesswars.Inaworldfreeofwar,everyone’slifewouldbebetter.Governmentscouldspendallthemoneytheywasteonarmiesoneducationandhealthcareinstead.Wereallyneedpeace.Therehavebeentoomanywarsinhistory.Iwouldsayover99percentofpeoplearoundtheworldwantpeace.Onlyatinyminoritymaynotwantpeacebuteventheysaytheydo.Worldleadersneedtothinkmorecarefullyabouthowtheycanachieveworldwidepeace.Listentothepassageagainandreadaftertherecording.

WORDBANKentitlev.給…命名refugeen.難民；避難者vivida.清晰的safeguardv.保衛(wèi)TheBlueDefensiveLine《藍(lán)色防線》SouthSudan南蘇丹（非洲國(guó)家）Listentoanewsreportandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.1A.China’scontributiontobuildingapeacefulworld.

B.Chinesepeacekeepers’cooperationwiththeU.N.

C.China’smedicalassistanceforAfricainthepastfiveyears.

D.China’sarmedforcesonoverseaspeacekeepingmissions.

2A.Itisthefirsttoshowthesufferingofthelocalpeople.

B.ItisthefirstaboutlocalrefugeecampsinSouthSudan.

C.Itisthefirstaboutthesoldiers’lives,strugglesandsacrifices.

D.Itisthefirsttotrulydescribeworldpeaceanddevelopment.

1WhatisthedocumentaryfilmTheBlueDefensiveLinemainlyabout?A.China’scontributiontobuildingapeacefulworld.

B.Chinesepeacekeepers’cooperationwiththeU.N.

C.China’smedicalassistanceforAfricainthepastfiveyears.

D.China’sarmedforcesonoverseaspeacekeepingmissions.

2Whatisuniqueaboutthisdocumentaryfilm?A.Itisthefirsttoshowthesufferingofthelocalpeople.

B.ItisthefirstaboutlocalrefugeecampsinSouthSudan.

C.Itisthefirstaboutthesoldiers’lives,strugglesandsacrifices.

D.Itisthefirsttotrulydescribeworldpeaceanddevelopment.

Answers:SCRIPTTheBlueDefensiveLine,thefirstdocumentaryfilmaboutChina’sarmedforcesonoverseaspeacekeepingmissions,hasbeenreleasedtomarkthe30thanniversaryofChina’sparticipationinU.N.peacekeepingoperations.ThefilmhitthebigscreenacrossthecountryonthedaywhenChinareleasedawhitepaperonitsparticipationinU.N.peacekeepingoperations.Thewhitepaperisentitled“China’sArmedForces:30YearsofU.N.PeacekeepingOperations”.ThedocumentaryfilmfeaturesChinesepeacekeepingforcesprotectinglocalrefugeecampsinwar-tornSouthSudan.Itisthefirstfilmofitskindtorecordthesoldiers’lives,strugglesandsacrifices.HavingtakenfiveyearstoshootacrossChinaandAfrica,thefilmpresentsatrueandvividaccountofhowtheChinese“bluehelmets”safeguardworldpeaceanddevelopment.Italsoshowshowtheycompletetheirmissionsandprotectandinteractwiththelocalpeople.WORDBANKNorwegiana.挪威的humanitariana.人道主義的acutea.嚴(yán)重的WorldFoodProgram(WFP)世界糧食計(jì)劃署Listentoanewsreportandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.1A.Itiscommittedtoresolvingconflicts.

B.Ithasacapacitytoimprovenutrition.

C.Ithasbeenmakingeffortstofighthunger.

D.Itprovidesassistanceforotheraidorganizations.

2A.CombattheCOVID-19pandemic.

B.Promotetheworld’sfoodsecurity.

C.Putanendtowarsandarmedconflict.

D.FundtheWFPandotheraidorganizations.

1WhatdowelearnabouttheWorldFoodProgramfromthenewsreport?A.Itiscommittedtoresolvingconflicts.

B.Ithasacapacitytoimprovenutrition.

C.Ithasbeenmakingeffortstofighthunger.

D.Itprovidesassistanceforotheraidorganizations.

2WhatdidtheNobelCommitteecallontheinternationalcommunitytodo?A.CombattheCOVID-19pandemic.

B.Promotetheworld’sfoodsecurity.

C.Putanendtowarsandarmedconflict.

D.FundtheWFPandotheraidorganizations.

Answers:SCRIPTTheU.N.’sWorldFoodProgram,orWFP,wontheNobelPeacePrizeonFriday.TheNorwegianNobelCommitteeisrecognizingthegroupforitseffortstofighthungerandimproveconditionsforpeaceinareasaffectedbyconflict.TheWFPistheworld’slargesthumanitarianorganizationaddressinghungerandpromotingfoodsecurity.Itisthefood-assistancebranchoftheU.N.Whetherdeliveringfoodbyhelicopteroronthebackofanelephantoracamel,theWFPpridesitselfonbeingtheleadinghumanitarianorganizationinaworldwhereabout690millionpeoplegotobedonanemptystomach.In2019alone,theWFPhelpedsome100millionpeoplein88countrieswhowerevictimsofacutefoodinsecurityandhunger.NextpageSCRIPTTheNobelCommitteesaidtheCOVID-19pandemichadworsenedthehungercrisisaroundtheworld.ItcalledontheinternationalcommunitytofundtheWFPandotheraidorganizationstoensurepeoplearenotstarving.TheCommitteealsostressedthatincreasingfoodsecuritynotonlypreventshungerbutalsoimprovestheprospectsforstabilityandpeace.WORDBANKNGO(non-governmentalorganization)n.非政府組織negotiationn.談判；協(xié)商weaponn.武器delegaten.代表Geneva日內(nèi)瓦（瑞士城市）ConferenceonDisarmament裁軍談判會(huì)議Listentoanewsreportandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.1A.HowGenevaistryingtoendregionalconflict.

B.WhyGenevaishometomanyU.N.organizations.

C.WhyGenevaisworthyofbeingtheCapitalofPeace.

D.WhenGenevaisgoingtohostalotofculturalactivities.

2A.Itincludesawidevarietyofartisticevents.

B.ItisheldbytheRedCrosseverytwoyears.

C.ItisaninternationalforumorganizedbytheU.N.

D.Itisaleadingforumoninternationalpeacebuilding.NextpageListentoanewsreportandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.3A.Ithasorganizedmanypeacenegotiations.

B.Ithasareputationforbeinganeutralplace.

C.ItishometotheEuropeanheadquartersoftheU.N.

D.Ithasplayedamajorroleinsolvinginternationalconflict.Answers:1Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?A.HowGenevaistryingtoendregionalconflict.

B.WhyGenevaishometomanyU.N.organizations.

C.WhyGenevaisworthyofbeingtheCapitalofPeace.

D.WhenGenevaisgoingtohostalotofculturalactivities.

2WhatdowelearnaboutGenevaPeaceWeekfromthenewsreport?A.Itincludesawidevarietyofartisticevents.

B.ItisheldbytheRedCrosseverytwoyears.

C.ItisaninternationalforumorganizedbytheU.N.

D.Itisaleadingforumoninternationalpeacebuilding.NextpageAnswers:3WhyisGenevaacenterforconflictresolution?A.Ithasorganizedmanypeacenegotiations.

B.Ithasareputationforbeinganeutralplace.

C.ItishometotheEuropeanheadquartersoftheU.N.

D.Ithasplayedamajorroleinsolvinginternationalconflict.SCRIPTGenevaishometotheEuropeanseatoftheU.N.aswellastheinternationalheadquartersoftheRedCross.Asaresult,thecityisoftendescribedastheCapitalofPeace.Genevahostsmorethan40internationalorganizations.Over170statesarerepresentedinGenevabydiplomaticmissionstotheU.N.andinternationalorganizationssuchastheWorldTradeOrganizationandtheConferenceonDisarmament.WithseveralhundredNGOs,Genevaistheperfectplacetodiscussglobalchangeandconflictresolution.Manypeacenegotiationshavetakenplaceinthecity,suchastalksaboutcontrollingnuclearweaponsandendingregionalconflicts.GenevaPeaceWeek,aleadingforumintheinternationalpeacebuildingcalendar,isheldeveryyearinGeneva.Thethemeofthisyearis“Peaceispossible”.NextpageSCRIPTGenevaisacenterforconflictresolutionbecauseofitsreputationasaneutralplace.About8,000meetingstakeplaceannuallyintheCapitalofPeace,bringingtogetheraround200,000delegatesfromallcornersoftheworld.WORDBANKcivila.國(guó)內(nèi)的abandonv.放棄；中止holdout抵擋進(jìn)攻；堅(jiān)守sheltern.棲身之地；住處epidemicn.流行??；傳染病Karnak卡納克（虛擬國(guó)家名）1A.AcivilconflictinKarnak.

B.ApoliticalcampaigninKarnak.

C.ApeacenegotiationinKarnak.

D.AprogramaboutpoliticsinKarnak.

2A.Noonewasresponsiblefortheattack.

B.Thewholecityisexperiencinggreatdamage.

C.Rebelforceslaunchedtheattack20minutesago.

D.Governmentofficialshavegivenupthegovernmentbuilding.Listentoaconversationandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.NextpageListentoaconversationandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.3A.Theywilltakeoverthegovernment.

B.Theywilltakethegovernmentbuilding.

C.Theywillnegotiatewiththegovernment.

D.Theywillwithdrawfromthegovernmentbuilding.

4A.Thefoodsupplyissecured.

B.Peoplehaveenoughshelter.

C.Epidemicshaven’tbrokenout.

D.Peoplehaveenoughcleanwater.Answers:1Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.AcivilconflictinKarnak.

B.ApoliticalcampaigninKarnak.

C.ApeacenegotiationinKarnak.

D.AprogramaboutpoliticsinKarnak.

2Whatdowelearnabouttheattackinthecapitalcityfromthereporter?A.Noonewasresponsiblefortheattack.

B.Thewholecityisexperiencinggreatdamage.

C.Rebelforceslaunchedtheattack20minutesago.

D.Governmentofficialshavegivenupthegovernmentbuilding.Nextpage3Whatdoesthereporterfearrebelforceswilldobeforesunrise?A.Theywilltakeoverthegovernment.

B.Theywilltakethegovernmentbuilding.

C.Theywillnegotiatewiththegovernment.

D.Theywillwithdrawfromthegovernmentbuilding.

4WhatisconsideredtobefortunateabouttheconflictinKarnak?A.Thefoodsupplyissecured.

B.Peoplehaveenoughshelter.

C.Epidemicshaven’tbrokenout.

D.Peoplehaveenoughcleanwater.Answers:Listentotheconversationagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1ThemanisgivingalivereportfromthecapitalcityofKarnak.

2Thegovernmentishavingpeacenegotiationswiththerebelforces.

3Thecivilwarisunlikelytoendintheyearstocome.

4It’sbelievedthatover4,000peoplehavestarvedtodeathduringthisconflict.

TFTFSCRIPTNewscaster:WeinterruptourregularnewsprogramtobringyouanupdatedreportonthecivilconflictinthenewlyformedcountryofKarnak.OurreporterAndySmithwillgiveusanupdateonthesituationthere.Andy…Andy:ThisisAndySmithreportinglivefromthecapitalcity.Just20minutesago,rebelforceslaunchedtheirbiggestattackinthis18-month-longconflict.Newscaster:NowAndy,isthisasignthatthepeaceprocesshasbeentotallyabandoned?Andy:Well,sofar,peacenegotiationshavefailed,andanyresolutiontoendthecivilwarappearsunlikelyatthispoint.Asyoucansee…Whoa!Newscaster:Andy,Andy,areyouthere?NextpageSCRIPTAndy:Uh,yes,Sally.Asyoucanprobablyhear,behindmerebelforcesareusingheavygunstoattackthegovernmentbuildinginthecitycenter.Rebelforcesareclosingin,andit’sfearedthattheywillbeabletotakethegovernmentbuildingbeforesunrise.It’sbelievedmanygovernmentofficialsareholdingoutthere.Newscaster:Now,besidestheheavyfighting,whatotherimmediateconcernsarethereforthecitizensofthecity?Andy:Well,sincethebeginningoftheconflict,starvation,lackofcleanwaterandshelterhavebeenthebiggestdailythreatsfacingthecitizensofthiscountry.It’sbelievedthatover4,000people,mostlychildren,havestarvedtodeath.Fortunately,noepidemicshavebrokenout,butthatisalwaysaconcernifthiswarcontinues.Newscaster:OK,thatwasAndySmithreporting.Andwewillkeepyouuptodateonthestory.WORDBANKpoppyn.罌粟；罌粟花bloomv.開(kāi)花gravestonen.墓碑commemoratev.紀(jì)念RemembranceDay榮軍紀(jì)念日VeteransDay（美國(guó)）退伍軍人節(jié)JohnMcCrae約翰·麥克雷（人名）CULTURENOTES“InFlandersFields”(《在弗蘭德斯戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)》)isawarpoemwrittenduringtheFirstWorldWarbyJohnMcCrae,aCanadiansurgeon.Itisoneofthemostpopularandmostquotedpoemsfromthewar.Listentoaconversationandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.Nextpage

1A.TheendoftheFirstWorldWar.

B.Thesoldierswhofoughtforindependence.

C.ThepeoplewhodiedintheFirstWorldWar.

D.ThesoldierswhodiedintheFirstWorldWar.

2A.Thereisaparade.

B.Thereisabigceremony.

C.Thereisatwo-minutesilence.

D.Thereisagrandperformance.

Listentoaconversationandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.3A.ThefirstSundayofNovember.

B.ThesecondSundayofNovember.

C.ThethirdSundayofNovember.

D.ThefourthSundayofNovember.

4A.TorememberaCanadiandoctor.

B.Toremindpeopleofthebloodywar.

C.Torememberthesoldierswhoservedinwar.

D.ToshowrespectforanAmericanprofessor.

1WhatisRemembranceDayobservedfor?A.TheendoftheFirstWorldWar.

B.Thesoldierswhofoughtforindependence.

C.ThepeoplewhodiedintheFirstWorldWar.

D.ThesoldierswhodiedintheFirstWorldWar.

2Whathappensatthe11thhourofRemembranceDayintheU.K.?A.Thereisaparade.

B.Thereisabigceremony.

C.Thereisatwo-minutesilence.

D.Thereisagrandperformance.Answers:NextpageAnswers:3WhenisRemembranceSundayintheU.K.?A.ThefirstSundayofNovember.

B.ThesecondSundayofNovember.

C.ThethirdSundayofNovember.

D.ThefourthSundayofNovember.

4WhydopeoplewearpoppiesonRemembranceDay?A.TorememberaCanadiandoctor.

B.Toremindpeopleofthebloodywar.

C.Torememberthesoldierswhoservedinwar.

D.ToshowrespectforanAmericanprofessor.

Listentotheconversationagainandnumberthequestionsthewomanasksintheorderyouhearthem.

1What’sthestory?2Sopeoplestartedtowearpoppiesfortheceremony?3WhenisRemembranceSunday?4Isitbecausepeoplewearpoppiestoattendtheceremony?

3412SCRIPTMichael:What’sthedatetoday,Lili?Lili:November11th.Why?Michael:It’sRemembranceDay.Doyouknowaboutit?Lili:Yes,Ido.It’sthedaytorememberthosesoldierswhodiedduringtheFirstWorldWar.ItisalsocalledVeteransDayinAmerica.Michael:Right.IntheU.K.,atwo-minutesilenceisobservedatthe11thhouroftheday,butceremoniesareusuallyheldonRemembranceSunday.Lili:WhenisRemembranceSunday?Michael:It’sthesecondSundayofNovember.NextpageSCRIPTLili:Isee.IwaswonderingwhyitisalsocalledPoppyDay.Isitbecausepeoplewearpoppiestoattendtheceremony?Michael:Yes.Butdoyouknowwhypeoplewearpoppies?Lili:No,Idon’t.Michael:Thereisastoryaboutit.Lili:What’sthestory?Michael:Youknow,duringtheFirstWorldWar,muchofnaturewasdestroyedandonlytheredpoppiessurvivedandbloomedinthefieldswheresomanyyoungmenhaddied.Onedayin1915,theCanadiandoctorJohnMcCraenoticedthepoppiesbloomingamongthegravestones.Touchedbythesight,hewrotethepoem“InFlandersFields”.NextpageSCRIPTLili:Isee.Sopeoplestartedtowearpoppiesfortheceremony?Michael:Notexactly.AlthoughtheCanadianpoeminspiredthepoppy-wearing,itwasanAmericanprofessor,namedMonicaMichael,thatdecidedtousethepoppyasasymboltocommemoratethosebravesoldierswhoservedinwar.Shevowedtowearapoppyeveryyearinremembranceandinspiredothersaroundtheworldtodothesame.Lili:Isee.COMMUNICATIONSKILLS:PromptingformoreinformationNextpage

Promptingformoreinformation

?Anythingelse?

?Canyoutellmesomethingmoreabout…?Inaconversation,speakersmaywanttofindoutmoreinformationaboutacertainsubject.Tolearnmoreaboutatopic,ortoencourageyourpartnertogivemoreinformation,youneedtopromptyourpartnertospeakmore.Thepromptcanbedirect,like“Canyoutellmemoreabout…?”,oritcanbeindirectandmorepolite,like“I’mwondering…”.?I’mwonderingwhatwillhappennext.

?Isitbecause…?

?Isitforthereasonthat...?

?What’sthestory?Pleasetellme.COMMUNICATIONSKILLS:PromptingformoreinformationWorkinpairs.YouandyourpartneraregoingtohaveaconversationabouttheVictoryDayoftheChinesePeople’sWarofResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggression.Findoutinformationabouttheday,andthenactouttheconversation.Referenceanswers:TopaytributetothosewhodiedintheWarAgainstJapaneseAggressionandmarkthevictoryoftheChinesepeopleinthewarInformationabouttheVictoryDay:WhenistheVictoryDayinChina?OnSeptember3InwhichyearwastheVictoryDayofficiallyset?2014WhatofficialceremonieswereheldtomarktheVictoryDay?Flag-raisingceremonies,militaryparades,andculturalperformancesWhatisthesignificancetomarktheVictoryDay?A:WhenistheVictoryDayinChina,WangHong?B:It’sSeptember3,David.A:WhywasitsetonSeptember3?Canyoutellmesomethingmoreaboutit?B:Tocutalongstoryshort,asigningceremonywasheldonSeptember2,1945,onaU.S.battleshiptomarkthesurrenderofJapaninWorldWarII.ChinathenheldcelebrationsforthevictoryfromSeptember3toSeptember5.AndSeptember3wassetastheVictoryDay.A:What’sthefullnameoftheVictoryDay?B:TheVictoryDayoftheChinesePeople’sWarofResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggression.It’salongname,butwecanjustcallittheVictoryDay.A:Isee.Arethereanyceremoniesheldtocelebratethatday?NextpageConversationforreferenceB:Yes.Thecelebratoryeventsdifferfromyeartoyear,buttheyusuallyincludeflag-raisingceremonies,militaryparades,andculturalperformances.WhatimpressesmemostisthegrandmilitaryparadeheldinBeijingin2015.ItshowcasedthestrengthandcapabilitiesoftheChinesearmedforcesthroughmarchingtroops,displaysofmilitaryequipment,aircraftflyovers,andotherdemonstrations.A:Wow!Itseemsliketheseceremoniescarrygreatsignificance.B:Indeed.TheyservetopaytributetothosewhodiedintheWarAgainstJapaneseAggressionandmarkthevictoryoftheChinesepeople.Afterall,theremembranceofthepastistheteacherofthefuture.A:Gotit.I’velearnedquitealottoday.Thankyouforalltheinformation.B:Youarewelcome.ConversationforreferenceWORDBANKcyberspacen.網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間warfaren.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1Whatiscybercrimeorcomputercrime?2Whatisthedamageofcybercrime?Canyougivesomeexamples?

Referenceanswers:1Whatiscybercrimeorcomputercrime?Cyber/ComputercrimereferstoillegalactivitiesthatarecommittedusingcomputersortheInternet.Itinvolvestheuseoftechnologytocarryoutcriminalactsortargetindividuals,organizationsorsystemsforevilpurposes.NextpageReferenceanswers:2Whatisthedamageofcybercrime?Canyougivesomeexamples?

Herearesomeexamplesofthetypesofdamagecybercrimecancause:Financialloss:Cybercriminalscanstealimportantfinancialinformation,suchascreditcarddetailsoronlinebankinglogindetails,andusethemtocommitfraudortakemoneyfromvictims’accounts.Identitytheft:Personalinformationcanbestolenthroughhackingortrickingpeopleintogivingitaway,leadingtoidentitytheft.Thiscanresultinthemisuseofpersonalinformationforvariousillegalactivities,likegettingloansorcreditinthevictim’sname.Emotionaldisturbance:Cybercrimeincludesdifferentformsofonlineharassment,bullyingorstalking.Thiscanhaveseriouspsychologicalandemotionaleffectsonvictims,harmingtheirmentalwell-being.Listentoapassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.Nextpage1A.Theyhaveincreasedinnumber.

B.Theyhavecausedseveredamage.

C.Theywillleadtothenextworldwar.

D.Theyhavecausedworldwideterror.

2A.Theyseemlargelyconnected.

B.Theycatchmoreandmoreattention.

C.Someofthemaredrivenbyprofit-seekinghackers.

D.Someofthemareeffectivelyaddressedbygovernmentagencies.

Listentoapassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.3A.Thereisashortageofprofessionals.

B.Therearenolawsforcybersecurity.

C.Thecurrentsoftwareisnoteffectiveenough.

D.Thecurrentsoftwareisalreadyoutofdate.Answers:1Whatdowelearnaboutcyberattacksfromthepassage?A.Theyhaveincreasedinnumber.

B.Theyhavecausedseveredamage.

C.Theywillleadtothenextworldwar.

D.Theyhavecausedworldwideterror.

2Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutrecentcyberattacks?A.Theyseemlargelyconnected.

B.Theycatchmoreandmoreattention.

C.Someofthemaredrivenbyprofit-seekinghackers.

D.Someofthemareeffectivelyaddressedbygovernmentagencies.

NextpageAnswers:3Whatisthemajorproblemwiththedefenseagainstcyberthreats?A.Thereisashortageofprofessionals.

B.Therearenolawsforcybersecurity.

C.Thecurrentsoftwareisnoteffectiveenough.

D.Thecurrentsoftwareisalreadyoutofdate.Listentothepassageagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1Expertsthinkactionisneededtodealwithcyberattacks.2Cyberattacksandcrimeshaveincreased,socountriescooperatemoreandmorewitheachother.3Oncehackerslockavictim’sdataintoacode,thevictimcannolongerunderstandit.4Eventhoughthevictimpaysthemoneyhackersaskfor,hackersmaystilldestroythedata.

TFTFSCRIPTThenextworldwarcouldhappenincyberspaceandthatwouldbeadisaster.Expertshavecalledforactiontodealwithcyberattacksandcrimesasasteptopreventcyberwarfarefromhappening.Ascountriesbecomemoreandmoredependentontechnologyfortrade,finance,healthcare,emergencyservicesandfooddistribution,cyberattacksandcrimeshavealsoincreased.Suchattacksincludetheuseofcertaintoolstogetholdofpasswordsordatatocommitseriouscrimes,orattemptsbyhackerstoattacknetworks.Oneexampleofacyberattackiswhenhackerslockavictim’sdataintoacodesothatthevictimcannolongeraccessit.Thenthehackersaskthevictimsformoneytogivethemakeytogetbackthedata.Theycanaskforthousandsorevenmillionsofdollars.Sometimesthevictimpaysthemoneyandhasalltheinformationback.Buthackersmayalsodeletethedataorreleasesensitiveinformationtoothers.NextpageSCRIPTAlthoughrecentcyberattacksseemlargelydisconnected,drivenbyhackerspursuingprofitorattention,thegrowingtrendisworrying.Ascybersecuritybecomesatoppriorityforbothprivatecompaniesandgovernmentagencies,manycountrieshavestartedtorespondbyimprovingtheirdefense.However,amajorproblemisthatthecurrentsoftwareisstillratherweak.Expertssaythatprofessionalsneedtodesignsomethingmoreeffective.Someexpertsals