9AU2&9AU3語(yǔ)法講義：賓語(yǔ)從句&提建議的句型一、賓語(yǔ)從句的概念在主從復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的句子被稱為賓語(yǔ)從句。二、賓語(yǔ)從句的句法功能作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)e.g.Somepeoplebelieves(that)colourscaninfluenceourmoods.作介詞的賓語(yǔ)e.g.Italldependsonwhetheritwillbefinenextweek.作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）e.g.Sheissure(that)yellowcanbringhergoodluck.三、賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞★（三要素之一）引導(dǎo)詞詞義★在賓從中充當(dāng)哪種句子成分？可省略嗎？that可省略★if/whether是否不可省略特殊疑問(wèn)詞what什么主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)who誰(shuí)(主格)whom誰(shuí)(賓格)whose誰(shuí)的which哪一個(gè)when什么時(shí)候where哪里why為什么howhow...怎樣引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that無(wú)詞義，在賓語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常常被省略。注意：以下10種情況，賓語(yǔ)從句中的that不可省略（1）當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句放在句首表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，that不可省略。e.g.Thatheisagoodperson,weallknow.（2）當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句前有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省略。e.g.Wehope,onthecontrary,thathewillstayathomewithus.（3）當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省略。e.g.Iwanttotellyouthatthisproblemisverymon.（4）當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句被形式賓語(yǔ)it代替時(shí)，that不可省略。e.g.Idon’tthinkitpolitethattheyleftwithoutsayingthanks.（5）當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句前面是in,but,except,besides,save,beyond時(shí)，that不可省略。inthat因?yàn)椋籦utthat要不是；except/besides/save/beyondthat除了e.g.Themanstoodquitestill,exceptthathislipsmovedslightly.（6）當(dāng)復(fù)合句中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的that可以省略，其余賓語(yǔ)從句中的that不可省略。e.g.Hesaid(that)thebookwasveryinterestingandthatallthechildrenliketoreadit.（7）當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中有其他從句時(shí)，that不可省略。e.g.Hetoldusthat,ifwecouldalletohelpout,thewholesituationwouldbegettingbetter.（8）當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是this，that或者被this，that修飾時(shí)，that不可省略。e.g.Theteachersaidthatthatwordwaswrong.（9）當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句單獨(dú)用來(lái)回答問(wèn)題時(shí)，that不可省略。e.g.—Whatdidhesayatthemeeting?—Thatthesituationwasserious.（10）當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句前面是reply(回答),object(反對(duì))等較為正式或不常用的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，that不可省略。e.g.Herepliedthathebadlymasteredthelanguage.注意：以下6種情況，引導(dǎo)詞用whether不用ifwhether(...)or(not)e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornothehaseback.e.g.Iwonder(想知道)★whetheryouwanttojoinourtriptoHongKongornot.e.g.Whetherwesucceedorfail,wehavetotryourbest.whethertodoe.g.Samhasn’tmadeadecisionwhethertotakeatrainorplanetoLondon.decide/discuss/doubt(懷疑)whethere.g.It’stimeforTorontotodecidewhetheritwantstokeepitsartists.e.g.Weshoulddiscusswhetherweshouldmakeachangeinourplan.e.g.Idoubtwhetherhewillbeabletogiveuphisbadhabits.Afterall,oldhabitsdiehard.介詞＋whethere.g.ItdependsonwhetherI’mfreeornot.e.g.I’mworriedaboutwhetherIcanenteragoodhighschoolornot.e.g.Sheisuncertainaboutwhethershecangetajobeventhoughshe’satopstudentinherschool.（5）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句前置時(shí)，用whether不用if。whether...,e.g.Whetheritistrueornot,Ican’ttell.（6）當(dāng)if的兩種含義“是否”/“如果”引起歧義時(shí)，用whether不用if。試比較：e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.請(qǐng)讓我知道你是否想去。e.g.Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttogo.如果你想去，請(qǐng)讓我知道。注意：當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句為否定句時(shí)，用if不用whethere.g.HeaskedifIdidn’tetoschoolyesterday.區(qū)分when和if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句，試比較：when“什么時(shí)候”→賓語(yǔ)從句e.g.Iwonderwhenmymotherwilleback.(主一過(guò)從必過(guò)，主一現(xiàn)從不限[現(xiàn)完除外]，真理永一現(xiàn))“當(dāng)...的時(shí)候”→時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句e.g.Iwilltellyouatoncewhenmymotheresback.（主將從現(xiàn)）e.g.Chinesepeopleusuallyshakehandswhentheymeetforthefirsttime.（主一現(xiàn)從一現(xiàn)）e.g.Sheheardhimcryingsadlywhenshewentpasthiswindowyesterday.（主一過(guò)從一過(guò)）e.g.TheearthquakestartedwhenIwasdoingthedishestheotherday.（主一過(guò)從過(guò)進(jìn)）e.g.DanielwaswatchingTVwhentheearthquakestarted.（主過(guò)進(jìn)從一過(guò)）★if“是否”→賓語(yǔ)從句e.g.Wedon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.“如果”→條件狀語(yǔ)從句e.g.Wewillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.（主將從現(xiàn)）[典型例題]I______________(notnotice)whenhe___________(e).Nowadays,thepubliccaremuchaboutPandaYaya.Wewonderwhenit_______________(return)toChina.LookatUncleLiang’snewcar.Iwonderwhenhe______________(buy)it.SamisquiteinterestedinXuzhou.HewonderswhentheXuzhouMuseum______________(build).Whenhe___________(e)back,I_____________(tell)himthenews.whenI___________(walk)homefromschool,I____________(see)strangelightinthesky,butwhenI___________(point)outtomyfriend,it____________(go)away.Thestudents_______________(play)intheplaygroundwhenit______________(begin)torainheavily.—Doyouknowifthesnow_________________(stop)thisafternoon?—Idon’tknow.Ifit________________(snow)enough,we______________(make)asnowman.()9.—YouwanttoknowifTom_______usinthefashionshowtonight.—Ibelieveifhe_______hishomework,hewilljoinus.joins;finishesB.willjoin;finishesC.joins;willfinishD.willjoin;willfinish()10.—Doyouknowifshe________tovisitus?—Ithinkshewilleifshe________freetomorrow.A.es;isB.wille;isC.es;willbeD.wille;willbe()11.—SimonwantstoknowiftheClass3students___hikingtomorrow.—Yes,butifit_____,they’llvisitthemuseuminstead.go;willrain

B.go;rains

C.willgo;rains

D.willgo;willrain四、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序★（三要素之二）陳述語(yǔ)序：引導(dǎo)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋其他解題技巧：引導(dǎo)詞后面出現(xiàn)be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are,was,were)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can,could;will,would;shall,should;may,might;must;need)、助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did;have,has,had)直接排除。特殊情況：(1)4個(gè)固定句型①What’swrongwith...②What’sthematter/troublewith...③Whathappenedto...④Whichisthewayto...(2)當(dāng)疑問(wèn)代詞who、what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，該句子本身就是陳述語(yǔ)序，不必進(jìn)行調(diào)整。e.g.Theteacherasked(that)whocananswerthequestion.e.g.Danielasked(that)what’sthematterwithAmy.[典型例題]()1．—Jenny,doyouknow______?—SheisfromCanada.A．whereisthewomaninredfromB．wherethewomaninredisfromC．whatthewomaninredlikesD．wheredoesthewomaninredefrom()2．—Dave,couldyoutellme________?—Yes,heisadentist.Ioncewenttohimtofixmyteeth.A．whereisMr.LeefromB．whereMr.LeeworksC．whatMr.Lee’sjobis D．whatdoesMr.Leedo()3．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Iwonder________.—MybestfriendJames.A．howcanyouspendtheingsummerholidaysB．howyoucanspendtheingsummerholidaysC．whowillyouspendtheingsummerholidayswithD．whoyouwillspendtheingsummerholidayswith()4．—Whatdidyourteachersaythismorning?—Shetoldus________.A．whywasTomlateforschoolagain B．whenwouldwehaveatestC．howdidsheetoschoolthismorning D．thatwewouldhaveatestsoon()5．—Iheardwe’lltakeatriptotheQinLakeNationalWetlandParkonSaturday.—That’sgreat.ButIwonder____________.whenandwhereshallwemeetB.whatshallwegetreadyforitC.iftherewillbeaheavyrainthatdayD.thatwe’llgotherebybusoronfoot()6．—Doyouremember________?—Sure.OntheeveningofMayDay.A．howwegottotheJiefangBridge B．howdidwegettotheJiefangBridgeC．whentheJiefangBridgeopeneditself D．whendidtheJiefangBridgeopenitself()7．—Iwonder________.—I’mnotsure.Maybeyes.A．ifhasDavegothisdriver’slicenseB．howlonghasDavegothisdriver’slicenseC．ifDavehasgothisdriver’slicenseD．howlongDavehasgothisdriver’slicense()8．Hedidn’tknow________.Sohewenttoseeadentist.A．what’swrongwithhisteeth B．whatisthematterwithhisteethC．whatthetroublewithhisteethwas D．whatwaswrongwithhisteeth()9．—Tonylooksunhappy.Doyouknow________?—Sorry,Idon’tknoweither.Butashisfriend,weshouldgoandcheerhimup.whatishappenedtohimB．what’sthematterwithhimC．whatwrongwithhimisD．whatthetroublewithhimis()10．—Excuseme.Couldyoutellme___?—Sorry.Ihavenoidea,either.A．whatwrongiswithhimB．WhatthematteriswithhimC．whatwasthematterwithhimD．whatisthetroublewithhim()11．—Whatdidyourheadteachersaytoyou?—Heaskedme________.A．whohadn’tturnedinhomeworkonline B．whyIamlateforonlineclassC．ifIhavefinishedmyhomeworkontime D．what’swrongwithmyputer()12．—Hi,Bruce.Here’saletterforyou.—Thanks.Iwonder___________.A．whothatletterwasfromB．whythatletterwasfromC．whomwasthatletterfromD．wherewasthatletterfrom()13．I’llbeawayforafewdays.Iwonder________.A．whocantakecareofmydog B．howcanIgettotheairportC．whatwilltheweatherbelike D．wheredidyougolasttime五、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)★（三要素之三）主一過(guò)從必過(guò)，主一現(xiàn)從不限，真理永一現(xiàn)e.g.Mr.Smithsaid(that)Jackwasagoodworker.e.g.Ihear(that)Jimwenttoworkanhourago.heisinterestedinEnglish.TomhasbeentoLondontwice.shewilletomorrow.若賓語(yǔ)從句為客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象，則賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)e.g.Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.e.g.Theteachertoldus(that)lighttravelsfasterthansound.★注意：Couldyou(please)...中的could不是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的過(guò)去式，而是表達(dá)一種委婉的語(yǔ)氣，賓語(yǔ)從句并不一定是過(guò)去時(shí)，要根據(jù)句意選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。[典型例題]()1．—Couldyoutellme________?—Goalongthestreet,thenturnleftatthesecondcrossing.whereisthecinemaB．wherethecinemawasC．howIcouldgettothecinemaD．whichisthewaytothecinema()2.—Couldyoupleasetellme______?—Sorry,I’mnotsure.YoucanaskMr.Wu,ourheadteacher.A.ifMusicandArtwillenterourfinalentranceexamB.whywillMusicandArtenterourfinalentranceexamC.whenMusicandArtwouldenterourfinalentranceexamD.whetherwouldMusicandArtenterourfinalentranceexam()3.—I’mnewhere.Couldyoupleasetellme______?—Sure.It’sovertherebehindtheshoppingmall.A.wherethemuseumis B.whenthemuseumopensC.howfaristhemuseum D.howcanIgettothemuseum()4.CouldyoutellmeameetinginGuangzhounextweek?whetheristheregoingtobeB.iftherewasgoingtobeC.whetherthereisgoingtohaveD.ifthereisgoingtobe()5.SHENZHOU14wasliftedoffsuccessfullyonJune5th2022!Couldyoutellme________?A.inwhichcentreitwillbeliftedoffB.whatwillitmeantothedevelopmentofChinaC.whoenteredChinaSpaceStationthistimeD.thatthreeastronautsenteredChinaSpaceStation()6.Alice,couldyoutellme___________?A.whethershehadbeenmarriedB.whathappenedtoyouC.whatwaswrongwithmybikeD.howyoucalltheseanimals()7．—Couldyoutellme________?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.A．whathappenedtohim B．whereishefromC．whataretheytalkingaboutD．whatthematteriswithhim()8．Couldyoupleasetellme________.A．whichisthewaytothemuseum B．whichthewayistothemuseumC．whichthewaytothemuseumis D．thewaytothemuseumiswhich六、賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化（1）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為(特殊疑問(wèn)詞)＋(not)todoe.g.Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.→Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.e.g.Ihope(that)Icanreceiveyouremail.→Ihopetoreceiveyouremail.e.g.Theteachertellsus(that)wecan’tmakeanynoiseinclass.→Theteachertellsusnottomakeanynoiseinclass.（2）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面帶雙賓語(yǔ)，且間接賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋todoe.g.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothestation?（3）賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為名詞（短語(yǔ)）e.g.Idon’tbelievewhatTomsaid.→Idon’tbelieveTom’swords.七、賓語(yǔ)從句的否定前移[典型例題]()1．Infact,Idon’tthinkthefilmisinteresting,__________?A.isn’titB.isitC.doesitD.doesn’tit()2．Idon’tthinkshe’sunderstoodyourquestion,__________?A.hassheB.hasn’tsheC.doID.haveI()3．Idon’tthinkMarycangoshoppingbyherself,__________?A.doyouB.cansheC.don’tyouD.can’tshe八、間接引語(yǔ)我們把引述別人的話語(yǔ)歸納為兩種方式，一種是直接引述別人的話語(yǔ)并置于引號(hào)之內(nèi)，稱為直接引語(yǔ)；另一種是用自己的語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話語(yǔ)，稱為間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)一般為賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句的句類、代詞、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、指示代詞、和方向性動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)邏輯進(jìn)行合理變化。1、如何變句類直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)1陳述句(that)...2一般疑問(wèn)句/反義疑問(wèn)句whether/if3選擇疑問(wèn)句whether...or...4特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞wh/how...5感嘆句What/How＋感嘆句(that)...6提建議的句型★①Whynotdosth.?②Whydon’t/doesn’t/didn’tsbdosth.?③Shallwe/Idosth.？④Let’sdosth.,(shallwe)？⑤Letusdosth.,(willyou)？⑥sb.hadbetter(not)dosth.⑦Would/Couldyouplease(not)dosth.?⑧(Perhaps/Maybe)sb.shoulddosth.⑨Would/Doyoumind(sb./one’s)(not)doingsth.?⑩What/Howabout(doing)sth.??Wouldyoulike/love(todo)sth.?beg/advise/order/ask/request/tell/warn...sb.(not)todosth.suggest(sb./one’s)doingsth./suggest(that)...offertodosth.insiston/upon(sb/one’s)(doing)sth.(that)...7祈使句肯定式①Do型②Be型③Let/Let’s型否定式①Don’t(Donot)型②No型（以No開(kāi)頭）③Never型（以Never開(kāi)頭）1e.g.Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”→Shesaid(that)theirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.2e.g.“Canyouhelpme?”sheasks.→Sheasksif/whetherIcanhelpher.2e.g.“Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven’tyou?”mymotherasked.→Mymotheraskedmeif/whetherIhadfinishedthehomework.3e.g.Hesaid,“Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?”→HeaskedmewhetherIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.4e.g.Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.疑問(wèn)句：say(s)/said要改成ask(s)/asked5e.g.“Whatacleverboyyouare!”myteachersaidtohim.→Myteachertoldhimwhatacleverboyhewas./Myteachertoldhimthathewasaverycleverboy.6e.g.“Whynotgooutforawalk?”heaskedus.→Headvisedustogooutforawalk.6e.g.“Wouldyoumindnotsmokinghere?”heasked.→Heaskedmenottosmokethere.6e.g.Hesaid,“Let’shavearest.”→Hesuggested(us/our)havingarest.//Hesuggested(that)weshouldhavearest.6e.g.ThedoctorsaidtoTom,“Youhadbetterexercisemoretokeephealthy.”→Thedoctorsuggested(that)Tomshouldexercisemoretokeephealthy.6e.g.Themansaid,“Letmehelpyou.”→Themanofferedtohelpme.6e.g.Theysaid,“weshouldbegiveneverydetailofthecase.”→Theyinsistedon/upon(them/their)beinggiveneverydetailofthecase..7e.g.“Bequiet!”MissLisaidtoherstudents.→MissLiaskedherstudentstobequiet.7e.g.“Don’tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtothechildren.→Shetoldthechildrennottomakeanynoise.注意：said可用told來(lái)代替。可以說(shuō)said(that),saidtosb.(that),toldsb.(that)，但不可說(shuō)told(that)。2、如何變代詞一隨主，二隨賓，三不變。若直接引語(yǔ)(引號(hào)內(nèi)的句子)的代詞是第一人稱，則間接引語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)從句)中的代詞隨主句主語(yǔ)變化。e.g.Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaid(that)herbrotherwantedtogowithher.若直接引語(yǔ)(引號(hào)內(nèi)的句子)的代詞是第二人稱，則間接引語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)從句)中的代詞隨主句賓語(yǔ)變化。注意，此時(shí)若主句無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，則間接引語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)從句)中的代詞使用第一人稱。e.g.HesaidtoAmy,“Howisyoursisternow?”→HeaskedAmyhowhersisterwasthen.e.g.Mumsaid,“YoucanwatchTVforawhileafterfinishingyourhomework.”→Mumsaid(that)IcanwatchTVforawhileafterfinishingmyhomework.”若直接引語(yǔ)(引號(hào)內(nèi)的句子)的代詞是第三人稱，則間接引語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)從句)的代詞保持不變。e.g.Mr.Smithsaid,“Theyarehardworkingstudents.”→Mr.Smithsaid(that)theywerehardworkingstudents.3、如何變時(shí)態(tài)若引號(hào)外的句子為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)要發(fā)生相應(yīng)變化。即引號(hào)內(nèi)的句子的時(shí)態(tài)往前推一個(gè)，就是賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。直接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)(引號(hào)內(nèi)的句子)間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)(賓語(yǔ)從句)1過(guò)去完成時(shí)Theboysaidtohisparents,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”過(guò)去完成時(shí)Theboytoldhisparents(that)hehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.2一般過(guò)去時(shí)Hesaid,“Mygrandpadiedyesterdaymorning.”過(guò)去完成時(shí)Hesaid(that)hisgrandpahaddiedthemorningbefore.3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Hesaid,“Thefilmhasbeenonfor5minutes.”過(guò)去完成時(shí)Hesaid(that)thefilmhadbeenonfor5minutes.4一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Hesaid,“Thefilmwasboring.”一般過(guò)去時(shí)Hesaid(that)thefilmisboring.5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Hesaid,“Iamdoingmyhomework.”過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Hesaid(that)hewasdoinghishomework.6一般將來(lái)時(shí)Hesaid,“Itisgoingtorainsoon.”過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)Hesaid(that)itwasgoingtorainsoon.cancouldmaymight注意：以下7種情況：間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)不需要變化。直接引語(yǔ)是過(guò)去完成時(shí)。（例句見(jiàn)上表）（2）主句(引號(hào)外的句子)的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)。e.g.Heoftensays,“Iwillneverforgetthatkindwoman.””→Heoftensays(that)he’llneverforgetthatkindwoman.（3）直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。e.g.Hesaid,“Thestorytookplaceinthe1930s.”→Hesaid(that)thestorytookplaceinthe1930s.（4）直接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話時(shí)仍在繼續(xù)。e.g.Thereportersaid,“ThewarinthemiddleEastisnowstillon.”→Thereportersaid(that)thewarinthemiddleEastisnowstillon.（5）直接引語(yǔ)是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、名言警句。e.g.Theteachersaid,“Theearthisround.”→Theteachersaid(that)theearthisround.e.g.OurEnglishteachersaid,“AllworknoplaymakesJackadullboy.”→OurEnglishteachertoldus(that)allworknoplaymakesJackadullboy.（6）直接引語(yǔ)中有before,after,when,while,since,till,(not)until,assoonas,whenever等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不變。e.g.He