必修第三冊(cè)Unit4SpaceExploration(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Canasmallgroupofdrones(無(wú)人機(jī))guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.1．Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible？AA．Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B．Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D．Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructure”可知，無(wú)人機(jī)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)用來(lái)檢測(cè)高壓電力線路，它們可以做同樣的事情來(lái)檢查鐵路線路以及鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面。故選A。2．Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinParagraph3referto？CA．Personnelsafety.B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair.D．Constructionofinfrastructure.解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，據(jù)計(jì)算，單是歐洲鐵路一年就要在維護(hù)上面花費(fèi)約200億歐元，其中包括常常在夜里派遣維護(hù)員工去檢查和修復(fù)鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。由此可知，鐵路“maintenance”包括檢查和修復(fù)鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。故選C。3．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones？AA．Toprovideearlywarning.B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D．Toacceleratetransportation.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，因?yàn)槟芴崆翱吹?，無(wú)人機(jī)可以感知到任何問(wèn)題，這樣快速前進(jìn)的列車(chē)就可以及時(shí)作出反應(yīng)。由此可推知，期待鐵路無(wú)人機(jī)具有的功能是提前發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，并給列車(chē)發(fā)出警告。故選A。4．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext？DA．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本篇文章主要講的是無(wú)人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來(lái)。故D項(xiàng)最適合做文章標(biāo)題。故選D。理清脈絡(luò)語(yǔ)言能力(一)高級(jí)詞塊1．guaranteev．確保，保證；擔(dān)保2．inspectv．檢查，審視；檢閱，視察3．calculatev．計(jì)算，估計(jì)4．detectv．查明，察覺(jué)；測(cè)出，檢測(cè)，識(shí)別5．a(chǎn)utonomouslyadv.自動(dòng)地6．railwayoperator鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商7．railtracks軌道；鐵路線路8．high-tensionelectricallines高壓電線9．switchingpoints切換點(diǎn)10．higher-valueservices高附加值服務(wù)11．reliabilityn．可靠性；可信度12．maintenancen．維護(hù)，保養(yǎng)；保持，維持13．programmev．調(diào)好，設(shè)置(機(jī)器使之按某種方式運(yùn)作)14．co-pilotn．副駕駛；自動(dòng)駕駛儀(二)長(zhǎng)難句突破Themorer