Unit1

TechnologyinReverse

TextExplanationPartI1/42AbouttheAuthorRobertJacobSamuelson(bornDecember23,1945)isacontributingeditorofNewsweekandTheWashingtonPostwherehehaswrittenaboutbusinessandeconomicissuessince1977.Hiscolumnsappearinbothpublications.HisarticlesalsoappearintheLosAngelesTimes,TheBostonGlobe,andotherinfluentialnewspapers.2/42TextStructureSection1:

Paragraph1Section2:Paragraphs2-4Section3:Paragraph5Section4:Paragraph6Section5:

Paragraph7Section6:Paragraph8Section7:Paragraph9Section8:Paragraphs10-113/42TextAnalysisInPara1theauthordefines"retardedtechnology.InPara2-4hecomparese-bookswith"old-fashioned"booksinanattempttoshowthedisadvantagesoftheformer.Para5offersathirdexamplethatprovesthat"retardedtechnologycreatesnewandexpensivewaysofdoingthingsthatwereoncedonesimplyandinexpensively".Para6expressestheauthor'sdoubtaboutthepro-technologytheory.Para7classifiestechnologicalinnovationsaseitherusefulorwasteful.Parag8exploresthereasonwhypeoplearefrivolousaboutretardedtechnology.Para9implieshowpeopledenytheirfrivolity.Para10-11providetheconclusion4/42Paragraph1Bycontrast,retardedtechnologycreatesnewandexpensivewaysofdoingthingsthatwereoncedonesimplyandinexpensively.Worse,itencouragesustodothingsthatdon'tneeddoingatall.Ithasmade

waste

respectable,elaborate,alluringandevenfun.5/42retard(v.)slowthegrowthordevelopmentof,causetomovemoreslowlyoroperateataslowerrateColdweatherretardsthegrowthofthecrops.嚴(yán)寒天氣妨礙了莊稼生長。Lackofsunretardsplantgrowth.光照不足則植物生長遲緩。retarded(adj.)relativelyslowinmentaloremotionalorphysicaldevelopment6/42

efficiently(adv.)inanefficientmannerefficient+ly---efficientlyantonym:deficientlyThepolicehandlethetrafficveryefficiently.警察把交通管得井井有條。Inordertoefficientlymanagesuchextensivequantityofdata,theprogramofferanotherexcitingnewfeature.為了高效地管理這么大量數(shù)據(jù)，程序提供了另外一個(gè)令人激動(dòng)新特征。7/42effective,efficienteffective:有效用。Histeachingwasnotveryeffective.他教學(xué)效果不好。//Thenewinterestratebecomeseffectivenextmonth.新利率下個(gè)月開始生效//Thismedicine,takenintime,canbeveryeffective.這種藥假如及時(shí)吃會(huì)很有效。//Myheadacheismuchbetter.Thosetabletsreallyareeffective.我頭疼好多了，那些藥片確實(shí)很有效。efficient:效率高，(可指人)。Heneedsanefficientsecretary他需要一個(gè)高效率秘書。//Thedieselengineishighlyefficient.這臺(tái)柴油機(jī)效率很高。//Ourefficientnewmachinesaremuchcheapertorun.我們高效率新機(jī)器開起來要廉價(jià)得多。8/42respectable(adj.)characterizedbyproperbehaviororconventionalconduct;worthyofrespect//deservingofesteemandrespect//largeinamountorextentordegreeIt'snotrespectabletobedrunkonthestreet.在大街上醉倒是不體面。Heisarespectableman.他是個(gè)受人尊敬人。Westillhavearepsectableamountoffoodsupply.我們食物還相當(dāng)充分。9/42elaborate(v.)adddetails,astoanaccountoridea;clarifythemeaningofanddiscourseinalearnedway,usuallyinwriting;(adj.)markedbycomplexityandrichnessofdetail;developedorexecutedwithcareandinminutedetailOrthodoxChristianchurchesoftenhaveelaboratesteeples.傳統(tǒng)基督教堂都有精巧尖塔。Thecurtainshadanelaboratepatternofflowers窗簾上繪有精美花卉圖案。Whatyou'vetoldmeofyourplansoundsmostinteresting;wouldyoucaretoelaborateit?你給我講這個(gè)計(jì)劃很有意思，你能詳細(xì)地談一談嗎？10/42alluring(adj.)activeorexcitingYetanotherofPluto'salluringfeaturesisitsbizarreatmosphere.冥王星另一誘人特色，是其詭異大氣層。IfNature'sparadisesoundsalluring,makeapointofvisitingSouthIsland.假如大自然中天堂聽起來讓你以為有吸引力，那么別忘了到南島去玩一玩。11/42Paragraph2Ontheonehand,youcanbuya$900or$9,000book-readingcomputerthatyoucanfeedwith$20discsofyourfavoritebooks.Ifyoutakeittothebeach,itgetscloggedwithsand.Ifitslipsoffthekitchencounter,itsamshes.12/42boom(n.)astateofeconomicprosperity;(v.)growstrongerTheeconomywasbooming.Theaftermathofthewarwasnotaboom,butaruraldepression.戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)果不是繁榮和興旺，而是農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣。Thebabyboomcreatedabulgeinschoolenrollment.生育高峰造成學(xué)校入學(xué)人數(shù)暴漲。13/42customized(adj.)madeaccordingtorequirements;madeaccordingtothespecificationsofanindividualThecompanyprovidescustomizedprocessingofvariousexternalaccessories.本企業(yè)對(duì)外提供定制加工各種配件。Thewordcustomizedreferstoaproduct/servicewhichismadetoacustomer'sspecification.“定做”一詞指是按照料客要求規(guī)格制作產(chǎn)品或提供服務(wù)。14/42swell

(adj.)verygoodorpleasant;(v.)increaseinsize,magnitude,number,orintensityHereisanswellideaofretardedtechnology!Addalittleoiltothepan,continuetobakeuntiltheeggsinsidethecakeswell.在鍋里加一點(diǎn)油，繼續(xù)烘烤直到里面雞蛋膨脹開來。15/42cumbersome(adj.)difficulttohandleoruseespeciallybecauseofsizeorweight;notelegantorgracefulinexpressionIt'srathercumbersomehavingtocarryallthesecasesaround.把這些箱子都帶著走動(dòng)是件相當(dāng)麻煩事。Yourarticleistoocumbersome.Lopoffthoserepeatedandemptywords.你文章太冗長了。把那些重復(fù)，空洞話都刪掉。16/42clogbecomeorcausetobecomeobstructed;impedethemotionof,aswithachainoraburdenDon'tclog(up)yourmindwithuselessinformation.不要讓你頭腦被無用訊息所妨礙。"Additonally,"besuretouseskin-careproductsthatwon'tclogyourpores.另外“你要確定你用護(hù)膚產(chǎn)品不會(huì)堵塞你毛孔。”17/42smashbreakintopieces,asbystrikingorknockingover;hitviolentlyIncaseofemergency,smashtheglasscoverandpressthebutton.碰到緊急情況時(shí)，擊碎玻璃罩并摁下按鈕。TheBeatleshadmoresmashhitsthananyrockbandinhistory.披頭四是有史以來出最多暢銷歌曲搖滾樂隊(duì)。18/42Paragraph3Ontheotherhand,youcanbuyanold-fashionedbook.Ifyoudon'tlikeit,youcanstopreadingwithouthatingyourselfforeverbuyingit.Lostingitisnotatraumatizingevent.fragile19/42durableexistingforalongtime;verylonglastingItcallsforadurablesolutioninthearea.在該地域需要一個(gè)持久處理方法。Wemustmakeadurablepeace.我們必須締造持久和平。

PresidentBushstressedonceagainthatwhilehewouldliketoseetheviolenceend,anycease-firemustbedurableandrespectedbyall.布什總統(tǒng)再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，即使他希望暴力沖突結(jié)束，不過任何?；鸨仨毷悄軌虺志茫沂艿饺扛鞣阶鹬?。20/42traumatize(v.)inflictatraumaupontrauma(n.)anyphysicaldamagetothebodycausedbyviolenceoraccidentorfractureetc.//anemotionalwoundorshockoftenhavinglong-lastingeffectsOkwellhaveyouthoughtabouthowthiscouldtraumatizeBenandCarol?好吧！你有沒有想過這會(huì)傷害本和卡羅爾心？Thesepeoplehastheserioustraumaduetotheearthquake.這些人因?yàn)榈卣鹗艿絿?yán)重精神創(chuàng)傷。21/42Paragraph4Thepro-technologycomebackisthatcomputerswillsomedaycompressentirelibrariesontochipsordiscsand,thereby,openvastvistasofinformationtoalmostanyone.Finally,there'scommonsense:domostpeoplereallyneedaccessto,say,theentirecollectionoftheNewYorkPulblicLibrary?22/42compressmakemorecompactbyorasifbypressing;squeezeorpresstogetherTheyusedanaircompressortotakeinatmosphericair,compressit,andforceitintothecabin.他們用一臺(tái)空氣壓縮機(jī)把大氣中空氣吸進(jìn)來，加以壓縮，然后送入船艙。Itcanbeusedtocompressapackage,makingmorecargofitinacarrier.它能夠用來壓緊包裹，使得一件行李中裝進(jìn)更多東西。23/42vistathevisualperceptofaregionHecouldseethroughthewindowsavistaofgreenfields.透過窗戶他能夠看到碧綠田野風(fēng)光。Thisdiscoveryopenupnewvistaofresearchforbiologist.這一發(fā)覺為生物學(xué)家展示了新研究前景。Thedaysstretchoutinanendlessvista.時(shí)日在無窮展望中延展著.24/42arithmetic(n.)thebranchofpuremathematicsdealingwiththetheoryofnumericalcalculations,算術(shù)(adj.)relatingtoorinvolvingarithmeticOthermathematicsbranches:Algebra代數(shù),Geometry幾何,Calculous微積分,25/42simultaneously(adv.)atthesameinstantOnlyhumanshaveabrainbigenoughtodothissimultaneouslyanddoitwell.只有些人類腦袋夠大，同時(shí)去做這多樣?xùn)|西，而且做得很好。Everythingintheuniverseexistsatonetimesimultaneously.宇宙中一切在一個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)同時(shí)存在。Thismakespeoplealmostreceiveinformationsimultaneouslyorintime.這使人們幾乎得以同時(shí)或即刻收到訊息。26/42terminalelectronicequipmentconsistingofadeviceprovidingaccesstoacomputer;hasakeyboardanddisplay終端；stationwheretransportvehiclesloadorunloadpassengersorgoods終點(diǎn)"DatasentbetweentheTerminalserverandtheclientcanbeencryptedforsecurity."終端服務(wù)器和客戶端之間發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)能夠加密以確保安全。YourTerminalServerclientlicensenumberiscurrentlybeingusedbyanotheruser.你終端服務(wù)器客戶許可證當(dāng)前正在被另一個(gè)用戶使用。27/42bottleneck(n.)thenarrowpartofabottlenearthetop;anarrowingthatreducestheflowthroughachannel;(v.)slowdownorimpedebycreatinganobstructionHislazinesshasbottleneckedoureffortstoreformthesystem..Howeveritisthebottleneckthatrestrainsmedicalimageapplicationinclinicalpractice.28/42accesstherighttoenter;therighttoobtainormakeuseofortakeadvantageofsomething(asservicesormembership);awayofenteringorleavingCheckyouraccesspermissionsonthisresource.檢驗(yàn)?zāi)鷮?duì)該資源訪問權(quán)限。Thiswizardwillletyouchangeaccesstoasharedfolder.使用該向?qū)Э筛膶?duì)共享文件夾訪問權(quán)限。Thisresortiseasilyaccessiblebyroad,railandair.29/42Paragraph5Insteadofa10-centpressreleasethattooktwodaystoprepareand29centstomail,Igeta$4.50tapethatcost$2tomailandtwomonthstoprepare.ToviewthemwouldrequirefindingaVCRandwastingfiveto10minuteswatching.30/42bombardthrowbombsatorattackwithbombs;addresswithcontinuouslyorpersistently,asifwithabarrageThereportersbombardthepresidentwithquestionsabouthiseconomicpolicy.新聞?dòng)浾咛岢鲈S多相關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策問題圍攻總統(tǒng)Thenewjournalisbombardedwithlettersofcriticismfromthesubscribers.訂閱者批評(píng)信使這份新雜志感到措手不及。31/42promotionaloforrelatingtoservingaspublicity;oforrelatingtoadvancementPerhapsIcouldsendyousomepromotionalmaterialonHangzhou.可能我能夠給你寄一些介紹杭州旅游資料。Bettyproposedanewpromotionaladcampaignthatshouldboostsales.貝蒂提出了一個(gè)新能夠推進(jìn)銷售獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)性廣告活動(dòng)。32/42tosstheactofflippingacoin;tothrowsomethingcarelesslytossandturn翻來覆去難以入睡；輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)Iwouldtossthemintothesea.我會(huì)把它們統(tǒng)統(tǒng)地扔進(jìn)大海。Let'stossupwhoplaysfirst.我們來擲硬幣決定誰先玩吧。Elsewhere,itisatoss-up.在別處，這是碰運(yùn)氣事。33/42Paragraph6Iamnotabouttoarguethatalltechnologyisbad.Oursisaneraofconspicuoustechnologicalupheaval.Butthepurportedgainsofnewtechnology--risingincomes,greaterproductivity--seemtoeludeus....thecomputerrevolution,whosefullbenefitswillsoonburstuponus.34/42conspicuousobvioustotheeyeormind;withoutanyattemptatconcealment;completelyobviousHewasconspicuousamonghiscolleagues.他在同事中是出類拔萃。Thebuildingisconspicuousforitsstyle.這個(gè)建筑格調(diào)獨(dú)特，很顯眼。Onlyunderthedualguidanceofschoolandfamilycanconspicuouseffectsbeachieved.只有在學(xué)校和家長雙重引導(dǎo)下,才能產(chǎn)生顯著效果。35/42upheavalastateofviolentdisturbanceanddisorder(asinpoliticsorsocialconditionsgenerally);aviolentdisturbanceMassunemploymentmayleadtosocialupheaval.大批失業(yè)會(huì)造成社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩。ItwasfacedwiththegreatestsocialupheavalsinceWorldWarll.它面臨第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來最大社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩。Manyyearsago,Johnsonfacedamajorupheavalinhislife.許多年前，約翰遜遭遇生命中劇變。36/42purportedcommonlyputforthoracceptedastrueoninconclusivegroundsApurportedbiographyofhimisafake.“所謂相關(guān)他傳記是偽造?！盩heletterpurportedtobefromthegovernor.據(jù)稱,該信來自州長。purport(v.)proposeorintendHisplansarenotwhattheypurporttobe.他計(jì)劃并不如他們所聲稱那樣。37/42eludeescape,eitherphysical