初中精選學習資料

初中英語語法賓語從句講解

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初中英語語法賓語從句講解

小口訣：

賓語從句三注意，時態(tài)語序引導詞；主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句不需受限制；

主句一般過去時，從句須用相應時；陳述轉化that引，一般疑問用if/whether,

特殊問句疑問詞，引導詞后陳述式。

一.基本講解來源：直接引語變間接引語

概念:在句中擔當賓語的從句叫賓語從句，可做V謂/介詞短語的賓語。

Eg:Hesaid,“Iamgoodatdrawing”.

—kHesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(動詞賓語)

MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介詞賓語)

1.引導詞

(1)that引導賓語從句時，通常用陳述句充當,that可省略。

—kEg:Shesaid,“Iwanttogothere”Shesaid(that)shewantedtogothere.

Theyallknow(that)Jimisgoodatskating.

(2)whether或if引導的賓語從句,由一般疑問句/選擇疑問句充當，陳述語序。

Eg:“Areyouinterestedingeography?vshesaid.

—?SheaskedifVwhetherIwasinterestedingeography.

Iwonderif/whethershehastoldthenewtoLiLei.

rmnotsurewhetherhewillcomeornot.

注意：一般情況下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情況例外

a.介詞短語后只用whether不用if

eg:Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe*llgoonthepanic.

b.引導詞與動詞不定式或ornot連用時，只用whether.

eg:Ican'tsaywhetherornothewillcomeontime

c.if當如果講時，引導的是條件狀語從句，表示‘如果'，不能用whether.

Eg:Ifyouwanttobeagoodteacher,itwilltaketimes.

Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonhowmucheffortyoupay.

(3).特殊疑問詞引導賓語從句時，不可省略，陳述句語序。

特殊疑問詞為：how,when,where,why,whichwhose.

What引導賓從時做主語或賓語或表語等。

—kE.g.'Whatdoyouwant?'Heasked.HeaskedmewhatIwanted.

Ihavenoideawhereheisnow.Idon'tknowhowtodealwithit.

Heaskedwhosehandwritingisthebestintheclass.

對比下列句子，看what做什么成分：

—<

、Heaskedwhatwasthewrong/matterwithme.(what做主語)

Hedoesn'tknowwhattodonow(做賓語)

Heaskedmewhohewas.(who做表語)

2.賓語從句時態(tài)

a.主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句不受主句的限制

eg:DoyouknowifYwhetherhehasseenthefilm?

rmsorrytohearthatyourfatherisill.

ShesayssheisgoingtogotoBeijingnextweek.

Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.

b.當主句是一般過去時，從句用過去的相應某種時態(tài)

Shedidn，tknowwhytheboywaslateagain.（過去一般）

Ididn'tknowif/whetherhehadseenthefilm.（過去完成）

IwonderedwhenshewasgoingtoAmerica.（過去將來）

注意：當主句是一般過去時，而從句表示的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象，科學原理,

格言等，從句仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：

Eg:Hesaid（thattheearthmovesroundthesun./thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthan

sound.）

Theteachertoldus（seeingisbelieving.）

3.語序：陳述語序，主+謂+其他

*whenwillyouleaveforBeijing?（Couldyoupleasetellme）

—?CouldyoupleasetellmewhenyouwillleaveforBeijing?

*Hassheseenthemovie?（Heasked.）

—?Heaskedifshehadseenthemovie.

*Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter\wrongwithyou?

二、賓語從句的轉化

L當主句謂語動詞是hope,wish,decideforget,plan,agree等，且主從句主

語一致時可簡化為不定式結構。如：

Eg:Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymath.

fSheagreedtohelpmewithmymath.

2.當主句的謂語動詞是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等后面有特殊疑問

詞引導的賓從時，可以簡化成“疑問詞+不定式結構”。例如：

Eg:Sheforgotwhatsheshouldtake.

fsheforgettotakeit

3.當主句謂語動詞是find,see,watch,hear等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為“賓

語+賓補”結構，賓補為不帶to的不定式或V?ing形式。如：

Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.

fShefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.

三.否定轉移

e.g.Idontthinkheiscool.我認為他并不酷

常用詞：believe,suppose,think等

四.注意問題和易錯點

1.由粗心大意導致語序的錯亂，長從句也只有主謂賓語序，不要受引導詞的影響

（可暫時忽略引導詞，直接看從句）

2.Whether/if用法傻傻分不清（whether是否，if是否/如果）

3.從句中介詞短語的介詞弄丟

Eg:Idon'tknowwhosheislookingat.（容易丟了at）

4.賓從和定從同時出現(xiàn)完全不知所措（賓從是作賓語，誰做了什么，說了什么，

誰想知道什么等，定從修飾名詞，引導詞只有

who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why,what不能用語定從,只用于賓從）

5.混淆視覺的句子，錯當是疑問句

Jimdidn'tknowwhatwaswrongwithhiscomputer.

賓語從句專項習題

鞏固練習

l.HaveyoudecidedforAustralia?

A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleav

C.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave

2.Canyoutellme?

A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlived

C.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives

3.Theoldmanaskedme.

A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinema

C.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema

4.1thinkyouwilllikehim.

A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how

5.1didn'tknowhewillcomeornot.

A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how

6.1wonder.

A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescost

C.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost

7.Sheaskedme

A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis

8.Askhim___.

A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthis

C.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup

9.1don'tknow.

A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovie

C.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts

lO.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong

A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill

11.Theweatherforecastdoesn'tsay.

A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrow

C.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow

12.Doyouknow?

A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisis

C.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto

13.Couldyoutellmewhere?

A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape

14.Theywanttoknow?

A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyou

C.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying

15.Tonywantedtoknow.

A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstocking

B.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking

C.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking

D.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking

16.Nooneknows_theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalk

ornot.

A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if

17.Julydidn'tknow.

A.whereisTim'sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmade

C.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch

18.Noonetoldus,soweneedyourhelp.

A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddo

C.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo

19.Wedon'tknowwiththerubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.

A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo

2O.Heaskedme.

A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoney

B.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoney

C.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundout

D.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney

能力提高練習

1.1don'tknowhewillcometomorrow.hecomes,1*11tellyou.

A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If

2.1don'tknowthedayaftertomorrow.

A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecome

C.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome

3.Couldyoutellmethenearesthospitalis?

A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where

4.Couldyoutellmetheradiowithoutanyhelp?

A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemend

C.howhemendedD.whathemended

5.1wanttoknow.

A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking

C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter

6.Doyouknowwherenow?

A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive

7.Doyouknowwhattime?

A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleave

C.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves

8.1don'tknow.Canyoutellme,please?

A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers

C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare

9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow.

A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings

C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings

10.1can*tunderstand.

A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean

C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans

11.1don'tknowhewillbebackhome.

A.whoB.whatC.whenD.where

12.Couldyoutellme?

A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor

C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein

13.Doyoustillremember?

A.thathesaidB.whathesaidC.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay

14.1can'tunderstandtheboyalone.

A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleave

C.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft

15.Shetoldmethesunintheeast.

A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen

16.Theytriedtofindoutthenewtrain.

A.howfar/hadgoneB.howlong/hasgone

C.howfar/wentD.howfar/hadrun

17.Themanagercameuptosee.

A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwas

C.whatthematterisD.what,sthematter

18.Canyoutellme?

A.whatareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudyC.whatyouweredoingD.whatto

doit

19.Heaskedhisfather.

A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidit

happen

20.Noonetellsus,soweneedyourhelp.

A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit

直擊中考

1.Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantell

A.whenUFOswillappearnexttimeB.whydohorsesknowtheway

C.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundD.howdoelephantscommunicate

2.一WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?

——Sorry.Idon'tknow..

A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroad

C.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad

3.■一MayIcomein?TmsorryIamlate.

——Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme.?

A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwereyoudoingthen

C.whoyoutalkedwithD.howdoyoucometoschool

4.--Couldyoupleasetellme.?

——BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.

A.where