句型轉(zhuǎn)換

每年的中考試卷中，“句型轉(zhuǎn)換”題所占分值較大，是為了全面考查學(xué)生在初中階段所學(xué)的詞匯（同義或反義）、短語、句型和語法等方面的知識(shí)及其它的之間的靈活運(yùn)用能力。

Ⅰ.題型介紹

所謂“句型轉(zhuǎn)換”就是先給一個(gè)完整的句子A，再根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的要求（有時(shí)沒有明確，須自己觀察），在第二個(gè)句子B的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~來完成的句型轉(zhuǎn)換。

Ⅱ.題型分類

從形式上看，有如下幾種形式：①某一詞或詞組的轉(zhuǎn)換；②詞組與句子的轉(zhuǎn)換；③同義句型的轉(zhuǎn)換；④為糾正常犯語言錯(cuò)誤而設(shè)計(jì)的題目。從內(nèi)容上看，此題型涉及的面較廣，主要有：①句子功能方面的轉(zhuǎn)換。包括陳述句（肯定與否定）、四種題疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句的轉(zhuǎn)換；②句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的轉(zhuǎn)換。即簡單句、復(fù)合句、并列句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換；③語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。即主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換；④常用句型與詞匯手段的轉(zhuǎn)換。

Ⅲ.具體分類如下

一、陳述句與疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句間的轉(zhuǎn)換

1、陳述句中肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，大部分是用not來改變謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，但也有借用否定意義的詞，如nothing,

nobody,

none,

neither,

little,

few,

never,

hardly等，例如：：

A：Tom

does

well

in

maths.

B：Tom

doesn’t

do

in

maths.

A：He

has

much

to

do.

B：He

has

nothing

to

do.

A：All

of

my

classmates

like

art.

B：None

of

my

classmates

likes

art.

2、改為疑問句。根據(jù)上下句的結(jié)構(gòu)和詞的減少，來判斷變?yōu)槟囊环N形式的疑問句。例如：

A：My

brother

often

has

breakfast

at

school.

B：

Does

your

brother

often

have

breakfast

at

school?

A：Tom’s

already

weak

in

English.

B：Tom’s

already

weak

in

English,

isn’t

he

?

A：The

red

light

changes

every

two

minutes.

B：How

often

does

the

red

light

change?

3、改為感嘆句。根據(jù)所給的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞的詞性，來確定使用哪一種感嘆句的形式，例如：

A：This

is

an

interesting

book.

B：What

an

interesting

book

this

is!

或

How

interesting

this

book

is!

二、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。

根據(jù)上句，寫出一個(gè)意思相同（或相近）的下句，此類形式繁多，內(nèi)容復(fù)雜，涉及面廣，歸類如下：

1、同義詞或詞組之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。（通常上下句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致）。

常見的同義詞或詞組有：(1)四個(gè)“花費(fèi)”（spend—take—cost—take）；(2)三個(gè)“到達(dá)”（get

to—reach—arrive

in/at）；(3)四個(gè)“收到…來信”（hear

from—get

a

letter

from—receive

a

letter

from—have

a

letter

from）；(4)兩個(gè)“擅長于…”（be

good

at

—do

well

in）；(5)兩個(gè)“有空”（be

free—have

time）；(6)三個(gè)“入睡”（go

to

sleep—get

to

sleep—fall

asleep）；(7)兩個(gè)“玩得開心”（enjoy

oneself—have

a

good

time）；(8)“給…打電話”（call

sb—telephone

sb—ring

sb.

a

call—make

a

telephone

to

sb.）(9)“飛往…”（fly

to…—go

to…by

air/plane）(10)“自學(xué)”（teach

oneself—learn…by

oneself）(11)在…方面幫助help…with…—help…

(to)do…(12)在…差be

weak

in…—do

badly

in…(13)能/會(huì)…can—be

able

to(14)更喜歡…like…better

than…—prefer…to…(15)充滿了…be

full

of…—be

filled

with…(16)放棄干…give

up

doing…—stop

doing…(17)不再…

no

longer—not

…any

longer(18)照顧/保管

take

care

of…—look

after(19)展覽

on

show—on

display(20)阻止…干…stop…from

doing—keep/prevent…from

doing…(21)由于

thanks

to—because

of…(22)舉手hands

up—put

up

one’s

hands(23)最后，終于at

last—in

the

end(24)與…不同

be

different

from…—be

not

the

same

as…(25)從…借入…

borrow…from…—lend…to…(26)乘公汽/火車/的士

go

to…by

bus/train/taxi—take

a

bus

/train/taxi

to…(27)乘自行車去…

go

to…by

bike—ride

a

bike

to…(28)為…感到自豪

be

proud

of…—be

the

pride

of…(29)步行去…

walk

to…—go

to…on

foot

(30)獨(dú)自地by

oneself

—alone等。例如：

A：The

children

had

a

good

time

in

the

park.

B：The

children

enjoyed

themselves

in

the

park.

2、同義句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)化。常見的同義句型有①It

seems

that

從句→Somebody

seems（to

be）+adj/n

②It’s

kind

of

sb.

to

do…→Somebody

is

kind

to

do…

③What

does…mean?→What

do

you

mean

by…?

或What’s

the

meaning

of…?④There

is

something

wrong

with…→Something

is

wrong

with…

⑤not…until…與when/after/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換

⑥What’s

wrong

with…?→What’s

the

matter

with…?

⑦How

is…?→What’s…like…?⑧How

do

you

like…?→What

do

you

think

of?⑧It’s

time

that…→It’s

time

for

sb.

to

do…⑨It’s

said

that…→People

say

that…⑩Can

I

help

you?

→What

can

I

do

for

you?例如：

A：I

went

to

bed

after

I

finished

my

homework.

B：I

didn’t

go

to

bed

until

I

finished

my

homework.

3、if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：

A：If

it

doesn’t

rain

tomorrow,

they’ll

go

to

the

park.

B：Unless

it

rains

tomorrow,

they’ll

go

to

the

park.

A：If

you

don’t

hurry,

you’ll

be

late.

B：Hurry

up,

or

you’ll

be

late.

A：Fish

can’t

live

if

there

is

no

water.

B：Fish

can’t

live

without

water.

4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中的一句多譯。在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞不能與時(shí)間段連用，必須改成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常見的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換有：buy—have,

borrow—keep,

die—be

dead,

open—be

open,

join—be

in+組織/be

a

+成員,

begin—be

on,

leave—be

away

from,

close—be

closed,

arrive

in/

get

to/

come/go

to—be

in/at,

finish—be

over,

go

to

sleep—be

asleep，get

up—be

up.例如：The

old

man

died

five

months

ago.The

old

man

has

been

dead

since

five

months

ago.The

old

man

has

been

dead

for

five

months.It’s

five

months

since

the

old

man

died.Five

months

has

passed

since

the

old

man

died.

5、簡單句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。

①含賓語從句的復(fù)合句與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：

A：I

saw

they

were

playing

football

on

the

playground.

B：I

saw

them

playing

football

on

the

playground.

A：The

teacher

found

that

she

was

very

clever.

B：The

teacher

found

her

very

clever.

A：He

found

that

it

was

hard

to

learn

English

well.

B：He

found

it

hard

to

learn

English

well.

A：We

are

sure

that

we

will

win

to

first

match.

B：We

are

sure

to

win

to

first

match.

由疑問代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“疑問句+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

A：Could

you

tell

me

how

I

can

get

to

the

railway

station?

B：Could

you

tell

me

how

to

get

to

the

railway

station?

A：We

don’t

know

what

we

should

do

next.

B：We

don’t

know

what

to

do

next.

②由when/after/before/while/since/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為when/after/before/while/sine/until

+

doing…例如：

A：They

went

home

after

they

finished

their

work.

B：The

went

home

after

finishing

their

work.

A：Mr

Smith

has

taught

English

since

he

came

to

China.

B：Mr

Smith

has

taught

English

since

coming

to

China.

When

sb.

+be+數(shù)詞+years

old→at

the

age

of+歲數(shù)

A：When

he

was

twelve

years

old,

Edison

started

writing

his

own

newspaper.

B：At

the

age

of

twelve,

Edison

started

writing

his

own

newspaper.

③由so…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為too…to

do或…enough

to

do……例如：

A：The

box

is

so

heavy

that

I

can’t

carry

it.

B：The

box

is

too

heavy

for

me

to

carry.

或：The

box

isn’t

light

enough

for

me

to

carry.

A：The

child

is

so

old

that

he

can

go

to

school.

B：The

child

is

old

enough

to

go

to

school.

④由so

that

引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為in

order

to

do例如：

A：My

father

got

up

early

this

morning

so

that

he

could

catch

the

early

bus.

B：My

father

got

up

early

this

morning

in

order

to

catch

the

early

bus.

⑤由because

引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為because

of…例如：

A：We

didn’t

go

to

the

park

because

it

rained.

B：We

didn’t

go

to

the

park

because

of

the

rain.

⑥定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞短語或分詞短語。例如：

A：The

man

who

is

on

the

bike

is

Jim.

B：The

man

on

the

bike

is

Jim.

A：The

man

who

is

driving

the

red

car

is

my

boss.

B：The

man

driving

the

red

car

is

my

boss.

A：The

girl

who

is

called

Mary

is

my

sister.

B：The

girl

called

Mary

is

my

sister.

6、用并列連詞neither…nor；either…or…；both…and…；not

only…but

also…連句。例如：

A：I

haven’t

seen

a

TV

play

for

long,

and

Lily

hasn’t

either.

B：Neither

I

nor

Lily

has

seen

a

TV

play

for

long.

A：Tom

is

good

at

maths,

and

he

is

good

at

French,

too.

B：Tom

is

good

at

both

maths

and

French.

neither…nor…,

either…or…和not

only…but

also…連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞依靠近它的主語而定，即“就近原則”，但是both…and用來連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語復(fù)數(shù)。

7、主動(dòng)語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的互變。

“主動(dòng)”變“被動(dòng)”實(shí)行“三變二不變”原則?！叭儭奔词侵髡Z，謂語和賓語的變化，“二不變”即時(shí)態(tài)不變，句式不變。例如：

A：They

make

watches

in

the

town.

B：Watches

are

made

by

them

in

the

town.

A：I

can

finish

the

work

before

eight.