北京市朝陽區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量檢測高三英語試卷2024.11(考試時間90分鐘滿分100分)本試卷共10頁。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。My10-year-oldsonEgbertwasapickyeater-heonlyatechickennuggetsandyogurt-andunwillingtotrynewthings.Accordingtohim,it’sbecausehehasphobias,includingheightsandthedark.Iwashopingtofindawayto____1____himwithoutusingoldsayingslike“Ifyoudon’ttryit,you’llneverknowifyoulikeit.”SobeforeourskiingtriptoLosAngeles,I___2___arule:wewouldsayyestoeverything,includingnewfoodsandexperiences.Wesaidyesfromthebeginningofourtrip.Attheairportcafé,Egbertbeganbytryingnewfoodslikevegetablemeatballs.___3___,herateditas“notbad”.Thenextdayinthesnowboardingschool,despitethefearofheights,Egbertchallengedhimselftolearnhowtorideachairlift.Afterskiing,wewerebothcoldandwet,andEgbertsuggestedtheoutdoorhottub(浴缸).Thoughitwouldbeacompletelynewexperienceforus,I___4___ittogetherwithhimandtheexperienceprovedtobeadelight.Ifelt___5___ofmyselffortryingsomethingnew.Onoursummerholidays,wecontinuedthe___6___ofsayingyes.AtthecompetitioninCody,Wyoming,neitherofmysonandI___7___whenwewereinvitedontothefieldtojoininthehorseracing.Thoughwecamebackwithoutprizes,wewerebothlaughing,sweatyand___8___.Iknowit’samomentwe’llneverforget.Thereinliesthe___9___ofsayingyesonvacation:itpushesusoutofourcomfortzone,thoughit’snotalwayspossibletosayyestoeverythinginourdailylife.Developingasenseof____10____helpsuslivelifetothefullest-evenifwesometimeswindupcoldandwet.1.A.warn B.award C.order D.encourage2.A.broke B.set C.changed D.remembered3.A.Strangely B.Clearly C.Undoubtedly D.Surprisingly4.A.braved B.adjusted C.missed D.discussed5.A.afraid B.proud C.nervous D.respectful6.A.tradition B.lesson C.trend D.celebration7A.cared B.agreed C.panicked D.hesitated8.A.puzzled B.touched C.excited D.disappointed9A.risk B.beauty C.cost D.duty10.A.devotion B.identity C.adventure D.happiness第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。TheChinesedelegation(代表團)concludedthe2024ParisOlympicswitharemarkableachievementof40goldmedals.404athletes____11____participatedin232eventsacross30sportswonatotalof91medals.Thisrepresentsa____12____(significance)breakthrough—Chineseathleteshavedemonstratedhugepotentialinsportswherewehavebeenlatestarters,whileholdingtheleadingpositionineventssuchasdivingandtabletennis.TheParisOlympicsprovidedaglobalplatformforChina____13____(show)itssportsmanship,confidenceandopenness.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。Recently,Iattendedahighschoolreunion.AsIwalkedintotheroom,arushofemotionsovercameme.FacesthatIhadn’tseeninyears____14____(smile)backatme.Memoriesofcarefreedaysinouryouthfloodedback.Werecalledtheclasses,thesportseventsandthetricks.____15____thatwonderfulevening,wetalkedaboutourdreamswehadatthattimeand____16____lifehadunfoldedsince.Wereconnectedwitholdfriends,____17____(realize)thatthebondsofhighschoolstillheldstrong.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。NowhundredsofBaidu’sApolloGorobotaxisareoperatingonthestreetsofWuhan,Hubeiprovince.Thesevehicles,____18____(equip)withBaidu’slatesttechnologytokeepsafe,havebecomepopular.Peopleareattractedbythecompetitivepriceoffersandgoodservice.Andnewjob____19____(opportunity)willcomewiththerisingdemandforrobotaxis,suchascleaningandrepairing.However,robotaxishavealsoraisedpeople’sconcerns.Thus,moreefforts____20____(require)toenhanceself-drivingtestingandrelatedtechnology.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ADisinformation,whichisfalseinformationspreadonpurpose,hasbecomeacauseofconcernrecently.Inresponsetothisrisingglobalthreat,theUnitedNationsInformationCentre(UNIC)Canberraanditspartnerswillbeorganizingatwo-dayconference,DISINFOPACIFIC,onNovember11and12,2024.Theconferencewillfocusonstrategiesforpreventingandreducingdisinformation,aswellasapplyingbestpracticestoaddressthisglobalchallenge.Itaimstoprovideaforum(論壇)forjournalists,socialmediaexperts,educators,researchers,policy-makersandcommunicationsprofessionals,fromwithinandoutsidetheUN.Currently,weareinsearchofsocialmediavolunteerstoprovideonlineassistanceforthisconference.Requirements:·Outstandingoralandwrittencommunicationskills·Professionalgraphic(繪圖的)designexperience·Priorinvolvementindesigningdocumentlayouts·In-depthfamiliaritywithgraphicdesignapps·WorkingknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguageNote:Adegreeingraphicdesignorarelatedfieldisconsideredaplus.Responsibilities:·Developingacomprehensivesocialmediareleaseplan·Assistinginchoosingtherighttypesofmediaandupdatingconferenceinformationonadailybasis·Workingtogetherwithourcommunicationsteamtocreatesocialmediaactivitiesaccordingtoagreedrequirements·Developingaseriesofsocialmediaresourcesoncethefinalconceptisagreedupon,withaparticularfocusonayouth(universitylevel)studentaudienceJoinusnowasasocialmediavolunteerandhelpbuildafuturewithlessdisinformation.YouwillalsohavetheopportunitytobuildconnectionswiththeUNICCanberraanditspartnersandlearnaboutthewaysinwhichsocialmediacommunicationcansupportthepromotionofaconferencecenteringondisinformation.Findoutmoreat/opportunities.21.Accordingtothepassage,volunteersshould.A.holdadegreeingraphicdesignB.beabletodevelopgraphicdesignappsC.haveagreatcommunicativecompetenceD.beasfluentinEnglishasnativespeakers22.Ifselected,volunteerswill.A.releaseaUNICworkplan B.helpdesignsocialmediaactivitiesC.evaluatethefinalconcept D.provideweeklymediaupdates23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topromoteaconference. B.Toseekonlinevolunteers.C.Tohighlightaglobalthreat. D.Tointroduceanorganization.BI’mwalkingaroundthehousewithaseverelimp(跛行)andactivelysecond-guessingeverydecisionI’veevermade.Thatcanonlymeanonething:Ijustranmyoneracefortheyear.The7-mileraceisinmyhometowninIllinois,andI’vebeendoingitalmosteveryyearsinceIwasa12-year-oldboy.Ireachedmypeakabout15yearsagoandhavebeenperformingpoorlyeversince.WhydoIkeepgoingifInolongerenjoyitandamgettingworseeveryyear?Tradition,mostly.Besides,Idon’tdislikethewholerace,justtherunningpart.IlikeseeingalltherunningclubmembersI’veknownsincechildhood,andIlovethefreebeerafterward.Runningisjustaminorblockonthewaytothegoodstuff.Thatday,Iwasaccompaniedtotheracebyagroupofthreeextremelyin-shapepeople.WeallliveinthesameIndianapolissuburb.Theseguysbikeandruncountlessmiles,ofteninthesameday.OnehasdonedozensofSpartanRaces,whichrequiretheplayertocrawlthroughmud,fliptiresandthrowspears.Anotheristrainingforatriathlon(三項全能運動).Inadditiontobeingfasterthanmeonfoot,inthewaterandonwheels,hecanalsooutliftme.Ididn’tholdmuchhopefortherace—nooneputslesspressureonmethanme.Betweenmiles4and5,IfeltsogoodthatIwonderedwhyIonlydothisonceayear.ThenIhitmile6,andmybodywarnedme.IpushedmyselfuntilIhadamileleft,atwhichpointmylegsdecidedtheyweredone.Determinationandacan-doattitudearenomatchforgravityanddistance.Exhausted,Islowlymademywaytothefinishingline.Still,IcanhonestlysayIgaveeverythingIhad.Myslow,plodding(步履艱難的)finishwasactuallyavictorythatprovesIgaveitmyall.Idon’tneedahugecuptohonormyheroicperformance.Myachingkneeisenoughofasouvenir.Adaylater,evenasmyentirebodytellsmeI’manidiot,Ican’thelpbutfeelthattheracewasasuccess.I’vedecidedtokeepdoingthisraceaslongasmylegscansupportme.24.Theauthorrantheracebecause.Ahewantedtokeeptheoldcustom B.hewantedtocompetewithfriendsC.heintendedtobuilduphisbody D.heenjoyedlong-distancerunning25.Whydidtheauthormentionthein-shapepeople?A.Togivehisreasonforlowself-expectation.B.Toshowhisenvyoftheirathleticabilities.C.Toemphasizehisstrongwilltowintherace.D.Toexpresshisconfidenceinfinishingtherace.26.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorduringtherace?A.Hestruggledfrombeginningtoend.B.Hebrokehislegatthefinishingline.C.Heexperiencedpressurefromhimself.D.Hepushedhimselftothelimitstomakeit.27.Howdidtheauthorfeelaftertherace?A.Surprised. B.Satisfied. C.Regretful. D.Grateful.CAspeciescanbetermedtemporarily“l(fā)ost”afternotbeingsightedforadecade,butresearchersstillhopetofinditagaineventually.In2023,thathopeledtotherediscoveryofAttenborough’sechidna,unseenforhalfacentury.Inspired,ThomasEvansandhisteamhavecreatedadatabaseof856lostand424rediscoveredspecies.Thedatabasekeepsgrowingfasterthanexplorerscankeepupwith,despiteincreasinglyadvancedtechnologiesfortracingunseencreaturesreachinganexpertiselevel.Thestudyindicatesmanyrediscoveredspeciesappeartofollowarathersimilartrend:theyarebig,appealingmammalsorbirdstendingtolivenearhumansandinmore-developedcountries.Thus,Evanssaysifananimalisuptosnuffbutcontinuestobeoutofresearchers’sightafterlongsearches,it’sprobablygoneforever.Onthecontrary,animalsthatdon’texhibitthepatternforeasyrediscoveryareverymuchaliveoutthere.“Becausetheyaregenerallydifficulttocomeacrossandarethereforemetwithlessexploratoryattention,inmostcases,small,unattractivespeciesaremorelikelytobeseeminglyextinctbutstillalive,”Evanssays.EvanshopessuchdetailswillhelpconservationistslikeChristinaBiggs,whohasbeendrawinguponalistof25“mostwanted”speciesforTexas-basedcharityRe:wildsince2017.“Currenuly,Re:wildisfinalizingits2024searchlists,usingthestudy’sresults.Wehavetomakeharddecisionsonwheretoputourmoney,andEvans’sresearchhelpstodirectus,”saysBiggs.Butisitalwaysinalostspecies’bestinteresttobefound?Afterarediscovery,itcantakemonthstosecureanareafromhuntersortourists.“Inpublicizingsomethingyou’verediscovered,you’republicizingafoodsourceforhunters,”saysbiologistJamesKempton.Biggsnotes,however,rediscoveriesoftenstrengthenprotectionefforts.Whenaspeciesisrediscovered,protectedareaswillbemadepossible.Biggsaddsthatforsomehard-to-findspecies,researcherscoulduseEvans’sstudytodecideifacreatureislikelystillalive—andthendrawbroadprotectedareasarounditsgeneralregion,whereotherendangeredspeciesalsolive,ratherthansendpossiblyfruitlessexplorerstotheareatoprovetheanimal’sexistence.Beyondthescientificgains,searchingforlostspeciesplaysacrucialroleinunderstandingandprotectingourworld.Once,theYongsuSaparicommunityusedAttenborough’sechidnasasapeacetooltosettlearguments.“Ifbrothersfought,theyhadtofindanAttenborough’sechidna,asolutionthatisincreasinglydifficult,”Biggssays.“So,everythingisconnected.Everyspeciesbehavesinanecosystemandfulfillsapurpose.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“isuptosnuff”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Fitstheprofile. B.Adaptswell.C.Breaksthehabit. D.Growsmature.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Technologyhasreducedthenumberofmissingspecies.B.Publicizingrediscoverysecuresthefutureoflostspecies.C.Largeranimalsfaceahigherextinctionriskthansmallerones.D.Animalsneighboringhumansreceivemoreattentioninsearches.30.WhatmightChristinaBiggsagreewith?A.Thenumberofechidnaswillincreaseafteritsrediscovery.B.Exploratorymissionsmattermorethanhabitatpreservation.C.Extinctspeciescomewithbothecologicalandculturallosses.D.ThomasEvanshasinstructedRe:wildtoidentifythe25species.DOverthesummer,theneuroscientistChristofKochaccepteddefeatonhis25-yearbetwiththephilosopherDavidChalmers,alostwagerthatthescienceofconsciousnesswouldbeallwrappedupbynow.Despitedecadesofresearch,there’slittlesignofsharedunderstandingonconsciousness,withseveralcompetingtheoriesstillbeingdebated.InmynewbookentitledWhy?,Itakehead-onthequestionofwhyit’ssohardtomakeprogressonconsciousness.Thecoredifficultyisthatconsciousnesscannotbeeasilyobserved.Youcan’tlookinsidesomeone’sbrainandseetheirfeelingsandexperiences.Sciencedoesdealwiththingsthatcan’tbeobserved,suchasfundamentalparticles(粒子),quantumwavefunctions(量子波函數(shù)),andmaybeevenotheruniverses.Butconsciousnessposesanimportantdifference:inalloftheseothercases,wetheorizeaboutthingswecan’tobserveinordertoexplainwhatwecanobserve.Uniquelywithconsciousness,thethingwearetryingtoexplaincannotbepubliclyobserved.Howthencanweinvestigateconsciousness?Iarguethatwecanaccountfortheevolutionofconsciousnessonlyifwerejectreductionism(簡化論)aboutit.Mostconsciousnessresearchersemployareductionistviewoftheuniverse,wherephysicsisrunningtheshow.Thus,insofarastherearesomefuturepossibilitiesleftopenbythearrangementsofparticlesinourbrains,theyaresettledbynothingmorethantherandomchancinessimplicit(含蓄)inquantummechanics.Somechallengeshaveemergedlatelytothisreductionistmodel.TheneuroscientistKevinMitchellarguesthatthefreewillofconsciousorganismsplaysaroleindeterminingwhatwillhappeninthebrain,overandabovewhatissettledbythelawsofphysics.Evolutionoffersoneofthestrongestchallenges.Naturalselectiononlycaresaboutbehavior,asit’sonlybehaviorthatmattersforsurvival.RapidprogressinAIandroboticshasmadeitclear,however,thatextremelycomplexbehaviourcanexistinasystemthatentirelylacksconsciousexperience.Foranyadaptivebehaviourassociatedwithconsciousness,therecouldbeanonconsciousmechanismthatinspiresthesamebehaviour.Giventhis,itisadeepmysterywhyconsciousnessevolvedatall.Butsupposetheemergenceofbiologicalconsciousnessbringsintoexistenceradicallynewformsofbehavior,overandabovewhatphysicsalonecouldproduce.Perhapsorganismsthathaveconsciousawarenessoftheworldaroundthem,andtherebyfreelyrespondbasedonthatawareness,behaveverydifferentlythanmeremechanisms.Consequently,theysurvivemuchbetter.Withtheseassumptions,wecanmakesenseofnaturalselection’spreferenceforconsciousorganisms.Asaphilosopher,inWhy?,Ideveloparadicalform—theviewthatconsciousnessgoesrightdowntothefundamentalbuildingblocksofreality—aimedataddressingthephilosophicalchallengesofconsciousness,aswellasprovidingaframeworkforscientiststomakeprogressonthescientificissues.Itisapincermovement(鉗形運動)ofscienceandphilosophythatwill,ultimately,crackthemysteryofconsciousness.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutconsciousnessfromthispassage?A.Consciousnessevolvesfrombehavior.B.Scientiststheorizeconsciousnesstoobserveit.C.Consciousnesslacksobservablephenomenatostudy.D.Quantumwavefunctionshelpexplainconsciousness.32.AsforKevinMitchell’sargument,theauthoris.A.supportive. B.disapproving. C.neutral. D.uncertain.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Physicists’researchesrejectreductionism.B.Brainworksindependentlyofthephysicsprinciples.C.Thenatureofconsciousnessrequiresfurtherinvestigation.D.Naturalselectionprovesreductionistviewsofconsciousness.34.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ADebateovertheNatureofConsciousness.B.ConsciousnessandBehavior:APhilosophicalPerspective.C.TheRoleofNaturalSelectioninConsciousnessDevelopment.D.BeyondReductionism:ExploringtheEvolutionofConsciousness.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Consideringtheyaretheworld’smostnumerousareasofwater,itissurprisingthatpondsarepoorlyunderstood.Therearemillions—possiblybillions—ofthem.____35____Thisneglectmightnothavematteredifitwerenotforincreasingevidencethatpondsareextremelyimportanthabitatsforwildlifeastheyhaverich,diverseanddistinctivecommunitieswithvariedrareandendangeredspecies.Acrossmanylandscapes,theyarebeingshowntosupportfargreatervariationofspeciesthanriversandstreams.____36____Itallowsthemtohaveawiderrangeofconditionscomparedwithriversandstreamswhereflowingwatertendstohomogenise(同質(zhì)化)waterchemistry.Sowhyhavewefailedtonoticesuchavitalpartofthenaturalworld?AkeyreasonappearstobewhatfreshwaterscientistJohnDowninghascalled“asaliencyerror”:themisjudgmentwherewehumansnaturallyassumethatifsomethingissmall,itcan’tbeallthatimportant.____37____Wedon’trealisethatthesewatershaveadeeplyancientoriginandhaveexistedonEarthaslongastherehasbeenlandandwater.Thesemisunderstandingswithinfreshwatersciencehavehadabigimpactonourabilitytoprotecttheirwildlife.InEurope,forexample,theWaterFrameworkDirectivemostlyexcludesanybodiesofwatersmallerthan50hectares.____38____Lastyear,theRamsarConvention,aninternationalagreement,introducedaresolutiononsmallwetlands,includingponds,givingcrucialrecognitiontothem.AndtheEuropeanUnion-fundedPONDERFULprojectisgatheringdataonEurope’sponds.However,thereremainsmuchtodo.Astheeffectsofclimatechangedeepen,plantsandanimalswillincreasinglyneedtomoveacrossthelandscapetosurvive.____39____Theyareeasytomakeandtheycolonizerapidly,whichcanhelpfreshwaterspeciesadaptovershorttimescales.A.Viewpointsarechanging,fortunately,tothebenefitofponds.B.Thisbiodiversityseemstobepartlyduetothesmallsizeofponds.C.Astudyshowstheymakeupmuchoftheglobalwaterenvironment.D.Yetforacenturyorso,scientistshavepaidthemverylittleattention.E.Wecancreatepondsinconsiderablenumbersasoneofthefewhabitats.F.Thereisincreasingevidenceoftheimportanceofpondsforbiodiversity.G.Mostofusalsodevaluedpondsbecauseweregardthemasartificialhabitats.第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分,第42題3分,第43題5分,共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。Wealllovetocriticize,butunfortunately,wealsohatebeingcriticized.Wefreelypostandcommentonothers,butfeelannoyedatthewayothersassessus,bothonlineandinperson.Theworldseemsunlikelytochangeanytimesoon.Fortunately,though,eachofuscanchangehowwegiveandtakecriticism,whichwillmakeuslesslikelytoharmothers,moreresistanttobeingangry,andbetterabletobenefitfromfeedback—evenwhenitisnegative.Criticismisdefinedasjudgmentofthemerits(優(yōu)點)andfaultsofsomethingorsomeoneinwrittenorspokenform.Technically,criticismcanincludepraise,butthatisn’twhatconcernsushere.Whatannoysusiscriticismofthenegativevariety,evenwhenwell-intentioned—so-calledconstructivecriticism,whichmeanstoprovideguidancesowecanimprove.Worstofallisdestructivecriticism,whichaimstocausehurtordamage.Thecultureofcriticismisn’tgoingaway.Theonlywaytoflourish(繁榮)init,anddespiteit,istoadoptnewhabitsofgettingandgivingcriticalfeedback.Oneruleistoassumethatcriticism,evenwhenitseemspersonal,isnotactuallyaboutyoupersonally.Whenwereceivecriticism,wemakeitpersonalintwoways.First,wemaynaturallyanalyzethecriticratherthanthecriticism.Second,wetendtoconsiderthecriticismajudgmentonournaturalabilities,ratherthanonourperformance.Interestingly,evenamongyoungchildren,researchshowsthatviewingcriticismasajudgmentonone’sabilitiescanleadtolowerself-worth,lowerpositivemood,andlesspersistenceattasks.Iftakingcriticismisparticularlyhardforyou,youarenotalone.However,takingcriticismbadlyismoreembarrassing,ultimately,thanthecriticismitself.Ifwedotheworktolearntoacceptnegativefeedback,wewillbemuchbetteroff.40.Whatwillbetheresultsofchangingthewaywegiveandtakecriticism?____________________________________________________________________________________41.Whatisthedifferencebetweenconstructiveanddestructivecriticism?____________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Childrenwhoreceivecriticismhavelowerself-worthbecausetheytakecriticismasajudgmentontheirperformance.____________________________________________________________________________________43.Whatbenefit(s)wouldyougainfromlearningtoacceptnegativefeedback?(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(20分)44.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的外國好友Jim在社交媒體上看到了含有流行語“Beijing,cityornotcity,ah?”的短視頻。這些短視頻生動