2023202361套PAGE1NUMPAGES82023年6月英語四級真題第1PartI (30Directions:Supposeyouruniversityisconductingasurveytocollectstudents'opinionsofonlineclasses.Youaretowritearesponsetothesurveyabouttheiradvantagesanddisadvantages,andwhatimprovementscanbemade.Youwillhave30minutesforthetask.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListening (25SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)ShewasinvolvedinaconflictwithbirdShewaschargedwithmistreatingShewasonbadtermswithherShewasaccusedofviolatingacityA)ItwilltaketimetosolvetheratAllwildanimalsshouldbewellThewomanwasnottoblamefortheNooneshouldgounpunishedforviolatingQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)CommunicatewithastronautsinMarsDuneWorkinanenvironmentresemblingBuildaMartianhabitatinSendinapplicationsbeforeA)Ready-made C)FoodtheyFoodthatis D)PotatoesQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)Heapologizedforscratchinganathlete'sgoldHewasaskedtopresentagoldmedaltoMiuHebitasoftballplayer'sOlympicgoldHeattractedpublicattentionatamediaA)HaveanotherpicturetakenwiththeOlympicApologizetotheInternationalOlympicGetthedamagedmedalPayforthecostofanewA)Allownoonetotouch C)TreatthemasSeethemassymbolsof D)KeeptheminasafeSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ShecovereditsscreenwithaplasticSheconnecteditwithherShedecorateditwithcolorfulSheboughtsomenewsoftwareforA)Itmaynotbesimply C)ItismoreharmfultoyoungItincludesunnatural D)ItinducespeopletofallA)HehashadmuchtroublefallingHehashadsomesortofhealthHehasstayedupplayingcomputerHehasbeenburdenedwithexcessiveA)ExposuretobluelightisthechiefcauseofSleepmaybemoreimportantthanpeopleSleepmayalsobenegativelyaffectedbynaturalOveruseofelectronicdevicesmaycauseheartQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)WhattheywantedtobewhengrownWhattheirfavoritecartooncharacterWhattheylearnedfromcomputerWhattheylikedtodomostafterA)Astock C)AmechanicalApop D)AbasketballA) C) D)A)RelaxtheirstrictcontroloftheirHelptheirkidsunderstandImposetheirowndreamsontheirDismisstheirhighexpectationsoftheirSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassagesandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Setupcompany C)IntroduceiPhonesintoitsB)Improveits D)PromoteInternet-readyA)TheycatertoAfricans' C)TheyaremorepowerfulandTheyaremoreexpensive D)TheyboastthelongestbatteryA)Alarge C)Avoice-responseAnold-school D)Adigitally-designedQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ItensuredsustainableeconomicItwasstronglyopposedbyItwascheaperthanusingfossilfuelItsatisfiedconsumerdemandsontheA)ThecapacitytomassproduceTheU.S.federalgovernment'sAboominmarketdemandforclearplasticArapidincreaseinU.S.petroleumchemicalA)Requirecompaniestouse30%ofnewIncreasethesupplyofnewplasticintheReducetheamountofplasticpollutioninlocalTakemeasurestopromotetheuseofrecycledQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Itstudies C)ItisahotelforbusinessItrentsaplacefornap- D)ItisanapresearchA)Tofindoutcreativepeople'sworkToseehowmanypeoplecangowithoutTounderstandtheobviousimportanceofTofeelhowdifficultitistogethisideaA)TheydeclineduetopointlessTheydependonhisabilitytoTheyenablehimtoenjoyacreativeTheyareaffectedbytheoveruseofsocialA)SomebossesassociatenappingwithManyofficeworkersnapduringworkSomebossescanconcentratewithoutManyofhisfriendsdaydreaminthePartIIIReading (40SectionDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Youprobablyhaven'ttakenthetimetothinkofalltheworkthatwentintocreatingtheshirtonyourback.Imean,howharditcouldbetocreatefabricand26itintoashirtshape.Don'tmachinesdoallthat?Well,creatingfabricfromcotton,whichisthemost27clothingmaterial,isactuallyaprocessthatinvolvesalotofwater,2,700literspershirttobe28.TakealookatthevideobelowfromNationalGeographicforsomemoremind-blowing29aboutcottonclothingCleanwateris30becomingoneofthemostsought-afterresourcesintheworld.Givenhowlargethe31andcottonindustriesare,theytakeupalotofourfreshwaterdemandsacrosstheworld,accordingtoTheHuffingtonPost.ThevideofromNationalGeographicwascreatedtospread32ofhowenvironmentallyharmfulcottonis.Butthesituationcanbemadebetter.Throughbetterwatermanagementandfarmingpractices,waterusageincottonproductioncanbecutdown3340Called"BetterCotton",thisenvironmentallyconsciousproductwillsavemillionsoflitersofwaterayearsimplyfrom34thedemandsofcottonproduction.Cottondoesn'thavetogo,sinceitafterall,oneofthemostusefulcashcropsacrosstheglobe.However,aswatersupplies35,farmersandconsumersneedtobemoreconsciousoftheeffectthattheseproductshaveontheenvironmentasawhole.SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymakingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ThespokenWe'regrowingmoreusedtochattingtoourcomputers,phonesandsmartspeakersthroughvoiceassistantslikeAmazon'sAlexa,Apple'sSiriandMicrosoft'sCortana.Blindandpartiallysightedpeoplehavebeenusingtext-to-speechconvertersfordecades.Outoftheseassistants,Siriisthemostwell-known.Theassistantusesvoiceinquiriesandanatural-languageuserinterface界面)toanswerquestions.Thesoftwareadaptstousers'individuallanguageusages,searches,andpreferences,withcontinuinguse.Somethinkvoicecouldsoontakeoverfromtypingandclickingasthemainwaytointeractonline.Butwhatarethechallengesofmovingto"thespokenweb"?Whatuseiswrittenonlinecontentifyoucan'tread?Thatisthesituationfacingilliterate不識字的)Africanfarmers.Theyareoftendeniedcrucialinformationtheweboffersmanyothers.WithaliteracyrateinsomepartsofAfricaatonly22.6%,farmersareoften"underpaidfortheirproducebecausetheymightbeunawareoftheprevailingprices,"saysFrancisDittoh,aresearcherbehindMrMeteo,aspeech-basedweatherinformationservice."Themostfrequentlyheardcomplaintisaboutrainfallpredictions,"saysMrDittoh,wholivesinTamale,northernGhana."Theytellusthemethodstheirforefathersusedtopredicttheweatherdon'tseemtoworkaswellthesedays."Thisisdowntoclimatechange,hebelieves.Yetknowingwhenit'sgoingtorainisvitalforfarmerswantingtosowseeds,irrigatecropsortaketheiranimalsouttothefieldstofeedongrass.MrDittohsaystheideaofconvertingonlineweatherreportsintospeechcamefromthefarmersthemselves,afteraworkshopinthevillageofGuabuligah."Theycameupwiththis,"hesays.MrMeteotakestheonlineweatherforecast,convertsittoashortrecordingintheappropriatelanguageandmakesitavailableonabasicphone.Farmersringuptoreceivetheinformation.ThelocallanguageDagbaniisspokenby1.2millionpeoplebutisnotservedbyanyonlinetranslationapplications.Theservicewasdesignedtobecheapandeasytorun,saysMrDittoh.Heplanstobeginfieldteststhismonth,workingwithTamale'sSavannaAgriculturalResearchThespokenwebcouldalsohelptheone-in-fiveadultsinEuropeandtheU.S.withpoorreadingskills.Butbuildingthespokenweb—web-to-voiceandvoice-to-web—isn'tstraightforward.ForsoftwaretounderstandpizzaisservedatItalianrestaurantsiseasy.Tocovermultipledomainsandtobeabletohaveaconversationwithusersoneverysingletopicisstillalongwayoff.Soalthoughmanycomputerassistantscananswersimplequestionsabouttheweatherandplaymusicforus,anythingresemblingawide-ranginghumanconversationisdecadesaway.Artificialintelligencejustisn'tsmartenoughyet.Eventurningyourvoiceintotext—automaticspeechrecognition—isoneofthehardestproblemstosolve,asthereareasmanywaystopronouncethingsastherearepeopleontheSirihasoftenbeenpraisedforitsabilitytointerpretourcasuallanguageanddeliververyspecificandaccurateresults,sometimesevenprovidingadditionalinformation.Butitisstillsomewhatrestricted,particularlywhenthelanguagemovesawayfromstiffercommandsintomorehumaninteractions.Inoneexample,thephrase"SendatexttoJason,Clint,Sam,andLeesayingwe'rehavingdinneratSilverCloudrestaurant"wasinterpretedassendingamessagetoJasononly,containingthetext"ClintSamandLeesayingwe'rehavingdinneratSilverCloudrestaurant".IthasalsobeennotedthatSirilacksapropereditingfunction,assaying"Editmessagetosay:we'reatSilverCloudrestaurantandyoushouldcomefindus"generates"ClintSamandLeesayingwe'rehavingdinneratSilverCloudrestauranttosaywe'reatSilverCloudrestaurantandyoushouldcomefindus".Usingvoiceinteractionfeelsfarmoreintimatethansurfingthenettheold-fashionedway.Thisisintentionalastheinformaltoneoftheassistanthelpscreateanemotionalattachment.Butifsomethingspeaks,itmustalsolisten.Ourphonesarealwaysnearusandtheyarecollectingdataaboutusallthetime.Thishasalreadyraisedprivacyconcerns.TheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnionhasstatedthatdigitalassistantscreateathreattoprivacyfromhackers.Somepeoplehaveotherconcerns.Theyworryassistantswillonedaybeusedtodeliveradvertisingdirectlytous.Butdigitalvoicesneedmorepersonalitytomakethempopular.Robotsarenotyetwitty,Siriisboring.Thebenefitsofusingvoiceinsteadoftappingfingersobviouslydependonthecontext.Doctorscompletingonlineformsabouttheirpatientsbyspeech,forexample,candictate150wordsaminute,threetimesfasterthantypingonakeyboard.Thisenablesthemtospendlesstimeonadministrationandmoretimewithpatients.Lastyear,speechrecognitioncompanyNuancehelpedadoctors'surgeryinDukinfield,nearManchester,setupaspeechsystemforthepractice'ssixdoctors.Nowtheycandictatenotesonapatient'shealthconditionandtreatmentandasmartassistantautomaticallyenterstheinformationintotherightfieldsonawebform.Previously,thedoctorsmadevoicerecordingsthatwerethentranscribedbysecretaries—aprocessthatwascostlyandlikelytocausedelays.Thenewsystemmeansletterstopatientsnowhavemoredetail.Usingvoicealsomakessensewhenyou'redoingotherthingswithyourhands.Thinkaboutwhenyou'recooking,andyoujustwanttoknowwhatthenextstepintherecipeis.Yourhandsarecoveredwithoil;you'renotgoingtogetontheiPad,soit'salotmorenaturaltotalk.Andspeechobviouslymakessensewhenyou'redriving.IntheU.S.,29%ofdriversadmittheysurfbehindthewheel,accordingtoinsurancefirmStateFarm.Thisisupfrom13%in2009.Nowonderusingmobilephoneswhiledrivingcausesmorecrashesayearthandrinkdriving,saystheU.S.NationalSafetyCouncil. AccordingtoFrancisDittoh,theirspeech-basedweatherinformationservicewasmeanttobeinexpensiveandeasytouse.UsingvoiceinsteadoftypingenablesdoctorstospendmoretimetakingcareofItisextremelydifficulttoconvertvoiceintotextbecauseofdifferentAfricanfarmersunabletoreadoftendon'thaveaccesstoimportantinformationconveyedSomephoneusersworryadvertiserswilltakeadvantageofvoiceassistantstosendadsdirectlytoThespokenwebishelpfulwhenone'shandsareSomepeoplebelieveonlineinteractionwouldsoondependmainlyonSettingupaspokenwebisbynomeansaneasyWeatherinformationisextremelyimportanttoSomepeopleareconcernedaboutprivacybecausetheirphonesareconstantlycollectingtheirpersonalSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingTheUnitedStatesisfacingahousingcrisis:Affordablehousingisinadequate,whileluxuryhomesabound（充裕),andhomelessnessremainsapersistentproblem.Despitethis,popularcultureandthehousingindustrymarkethappinessaslivingwithbothmorespaceandmoreamenities便利設施).Bighousesareadvertizedasarewardforhardworkanddiligence,turninghousingfromabasicnecessityintoaThisisreflectedinourhomes.Theaveragesingle-familyhomebuiltintheUnitedStatesbefore1970waslessthan1,500squarefeetinsize.By2016,theaveragesizeofanew,single-familyhomewas2,422squarefeet.What'smore,homesbuiltinthe2000sweremorelikelythanearliermodelstohavemoreofalltypesofspaces;bedrooms,bathrooms,livingrooms,diningrooms,recreationroomsandgarages.Thereareconsequencesoflivingbig.Asmiddle-classhouseshavegrownlarger,twothingshavehappened.First,largehousestaketimetomaintain,socleanersandotherlow-wageserviceworkersarerequiredtokeepthesehousesinorder.Second,once-publicspaces,wherepeoplefromdiversebackgroundsusedtocometogether,haveincreasinglybecomeprivatized,leadingtoareductioninthenumberofpublicfacilitiesavailabletoall,andareducedqualityoflifeformany.Takeswimmingpools.Whilein1950,only2,500U.S.familiesownedpools,by1999thisnumberwas4million.Atthesametime,publicmunicipalpoolswereoftenclosed,leavinglow-incomepeoplenowheretoswim.Thetrendforbiggerhousingthusposesethicalquestions.ShouldAmericansacceptasysteminwhichthemiddleandupperclassesenjoyaluxuriouslifestyle,usingthelow-wagelaborofothers?Arewewillingtoacceptasysteminwhichanincreaseinamenitiespurchasedbytheaffluentmeansareductioninamenitiesforthepoor?Ibelieveneitherisacceptable.Wemustchangethewaywethink:livingwelldoesnotneedtomeanhavingmoreprivatespaces;instead,itcouldmeanhavingmorepublicspaces.Abettergoalthanbuildingbiggerhousesforsomeistocreatemorepubliclyaccessiblespacesandamenitiesforall.WhatarebighousespromotedtobeintheUnitedAluxuryforthe C)AnabundantsourceofArewardfor D)AnabsolutenecessityforWhatisoneoftheconsequencesoflivingManyAmericans'qualityoflifehasbecomePeoplefromdiversebackgroundsnolongerPeoplenolongerhaveaccesstopublicswimmingManyAmericans'privatelifehasbeennegativelyWhatquestionsarisefromlivingQuestionsrelatedtomoralQuestionshavingtodowithlaborQuestionsaboutwhatlifestyletoQuestionsconcerninghousingWhatkindofsocialsystemdoestheauthorthinkisOneinwhichthewealthyexploitthelow-wagelaborersbuildingtheirOneinwhichtherichpurchaseamenitiesatanincreasinglyunjustifiableOneinwhichtheupperclassesdeprivethelowerclassesofaffordableOneinwhichtheaffluentenjoyamorecomfortablelifeattheexpenseoftheWhatdoestheauthoradvocateforpeopletoliveFindingwaystoturnprivatespacesintopublicBuildingmorehousesaffordabletothoselessMorepublicspacescreatedforeveryonetoAllamenitiesmadeaccessibletotherichandthepoorPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingMostofusintheentrepreneurialcommunityareblessed—orcursed—withhigher-than-averageambition.Ambitiouspeoplestronglydesireaccomplishmentsandarewillingtotakemorerisksandspendmoreefforttogetthem.Overall,thisisapositivequality,especiallyforpeopletryingtobuildtheirownApparently,ifyou'remorenaturallydriventosetgoals,youaremorelikelytoActually,thisisn'talwaysthecase.Infact,insomecases,extremeambitionmayendupdoingmoreharmthangood.Onemajorsideeffectofexcessiveambitionisthetendencytofocustoodeterminedlyononeparticularvisionorendgoal.Thisisproblematicbecauseithindersyourabilitytoadapttonewcircumstances,whichisvitalifyouwanttobeasuccessfulentrepreneur.Ifanewcompetitoremergestothreatenyourbusiness,youmayneedtochangedirection,evenifthatmeansstrayingfromyouroriginalvision.Ifyouhavetoomuchambition,you'llfindthishard,ifnotimpossible.Fewpeoplearesuccessfulwhentheytrytobuildtheirfirstbrand.Unfortunately,forthemostambitiousentrepreneurs,afailureisseenasdisastrous,andimpossibletorecoverfrom.It'sacleardeparturefromtheintendedplantowardthein