Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructures能充當的成分主語賓語表語補語定語狀語不定式todon.

adjadving形式動名詞n現在分詞advadj過去分詞doneadvadj非謂語充當成分FunctionsofinfinitivesToliveabroad

isnoteasy.Sheplannedtovisitherparentsnextweek.Thequestionis

howtogetthere.Thefirstperson

tocomeisMr.Brown.HewenttoFrancetolearnFrench.Hisfatherencouragedhimtofindanewjob.主語賓語表語定語賓補狀語

重點：定語不定式作定語，一般放在被修飾的名詞、代詞___________。例如：Ihavealotofworktodo.Sheisthefirststudenttocometoschool.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.后面1.作定語只能用動詞不定式做定語的情況例：1.Pleasemakeanefforttocatchthebus.(1)當修飾的名詞是chance,effort,failure,moment,promise,right,time,ambition（表示努力、愿望、打算、能力等意義的抽象名詞）快記筆記只能用動詞不定式做定語的情況例：1.Oneshouldhavethecouragetoacceptchangesinlife.(2)當修飾的名詞的同源動詞或形容詞后加todoability,courage,desire,decision,attempt,wish，快記筆記只能用動詞不定式做定語的情況例：1.Hewas

thefirstonetothinkoftheidea.2.Youaretheonly

persontobelate.3.Themanageristhelasttocometothemeeting.4.Thisisthethird

questiontobediscussed.(3)當修飾的名詞前有theonly,thenext,thelast,以及由序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常常用不定式作定語?？煊浌P記只能用動詞不定式做定語的情況例：1.Doyouhaveanything

tosay?2.Thereisnothing

toworryabout.3.Iwanttogetsomething

todrink.(4)當修飾的詞為something,nothing,anything等不定代詞時。(5)當定語表示未來的還沒做的動作時。例：Theletter

tobewritten

istomyfather.Thematter

tobediscussed

isimportant.快記筆記

重點：狀語修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞2.作狀語例：Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.I'llwritedownhistelephonenumbersoasnottoforgetit.（1）目的狀語：常用結構（為了）：todo;inorder(not)todo；soas(not)todo(不置于句首)

快記筆記①Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.②Theboyisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.

③Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.④I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.常用結構：①so/such…astodo

②enoughtodo③onlytodo(常表示意料之外的或事與愿違的結果)

④too…todo

2.作狀語（2）

結果狀語：快記筆記現在分詞與不定式作結果狀語的區(qū)別例：1.Wecamehomeonlytofindourgardeninamess.2.Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoor.動詞不定式作結果狀語強調的是一種意想不到的結果；而現在分詞作結果狀語強調的是一種順承的，必然造成的結果。Sheisproudtohavewon

thefirstplace.Heisgladtobeinvitedtothemeeting.Wewereastonishedtofind

thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.“sb.

+be+adj.

+todo”用以說明產生這種情緒的原因。此類形容詞多是sorry,glad,excited,disappointed,shocked等表示喜怒哀樂的形容詞。2.作狀語（3）

原因狀語：快記筆記Themorningairissogoodtobreathe

thathegetsupearlyeveryday.“sth.

+be+adj.

+todo”（主賓一致，adj表示主語的特征或性質,省略賓語，用主動表被動）easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,comfortable,good,important,impossible,dangerous2.作狀語快記筆記（4）

其他：adverbial狀語attribute定語todo目的狀語:多修飾名詞常作后置定語修飾常被序數詞、最高級限定的詞抽象名詞之后：effort,desire,chance,

promise...

同源動詞或形容詞加todo:decision,ability...todo,inorderto

(可句首句中),soasto

(只能句中)原因狀語:sb.＋be＋adj.＋todosth.sth.

+be+adj.

+todo結果狀語:enoughto

(足夠做...),too...to(太...而不能),so/such...asto

(如此...以至于)1.Q:WhyisYangLiweifamousinChina?A:Becauseheis_______________________________________.(第一個進入太空的中國宇航員).2.Q:Howdoyoufeelaboutthefilm2001:ASpaceOdyssey?A:I’mafraidthefilmis_________________________________.

(太長太乏味而無法看完).

Completethesentencesusinginfinitivesastheattributeortheadverbial.thefirstChineseastronauttogointospacetoolongandboringformetofinishPractice

3.Q:Wouldyouliketotravelintospacesomeday?A:Yes,andIwanttobecome____________________________.(登陸火星的第一個中國人).4.Q:Couldyouprovideasimpleintroductiontohowspacerocketswork?A:I’mafraidthewholeprocessis__________________________________.(太復雜了，無法用幾句話解釋清楚).thefirstChinesetolandonMarstoocomplicatedtoexplaininafewwordsPractice

e.g.TolearnEnglishwell

isdifficult.It’sdifficulttolearn

Englishwell.不定式后置It’s+adj.+forsb.todosth不定式表示動作的發(fā)出者It’s+adj.+ofsb.

todosth說明邏輯主語的性質、品質It’sdifficult____himtolearnEnglishwell.It’swise____him_________(make)suchadecision.foroftomake3.作主語快記筆記e.g.JeremyLinlikestoplaybasketball.Thegirldecidedtodoitherself.Wehopetogettherebeforedark.常見的加不定式做賓語的動詞：agree,attempt,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,determine,expect,fail,hate,hesitate,hope,hurry,intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,threaten,want...4.作賓語（1）Pleaseshowushowtodealwiththehaze.

Idon’tknowwhichonetochoose.（2）Ithinkitveryusefultolearnaforeignlanguage①

疑問詞+不定式(what/where/how/which/when/who/whether...)②

主語+v.+it+adj./n.+todosth.(believe/consider/feel/find/make/suppose/think...)4.作賓語快記筆記ENGLISHLESSONTVtableloveonedogstartwoTheboyattempts_______(learn)alanguagebyhimself.tolearnI’mnotsurewhere______(go)afterbeingfired.togoe.g.

Allyouhavetodois___________(finish)thejobquickly.不定式常用在系動詞be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表語。e.g.Myjobistoprotecttheworld.Toseeistobelieve.（眼見為實）Myambitionistoworkforafirm...tofinish5.作表語ENGLISHLESSONTVtableloveonedogstartwoMyworkinthefollowingweeksis___________(collect)therelateddata.Myhobbyis__________(collect)stampscollectingtocollect習慣性的動作（事情）具體的/將來的動作v+object+todo/doHeadvisedmetotakethecourse.Iinviteyoutoattendtheconference.Jane’sfatherwantshertogotothemedicalschool.Isawherworkonthehomework.Ihearhisalarmbuzzeverydayinthemorning.常跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語，這類動詞有allow,advise,ask,call,cause,encourage,expect,force,get,help,invite,need,order,prefer,remind,teach,tell,train,want,warn等。6.作賓補快記筆記1)感官動詞(feel,hear,listento,see,watch,lookat,notice,observe)后；2)使役動詞

(let,have,make)后,但是在被動語態(tài)中要還原to。eg.ImadeTomcleantheroom.----Tomwasmadetocleantheroom.3)不定式用在介詞but,except,besides后時,則前有do,后無to；前無do,后有to.e.g.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.

I

havenochoice

buttogo.6.以下會省略不定式中的to，但是在被動語態(tài)中要還原to快記筆記Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal__