23數(shù)字經濟和大數(shù)據(jù)時代2023年中考英語時事熱點話題題型專練背景材料：深刻理解數(shù)字經濟發(fā)展大步邁入數(shù)字經濟時代原創(chuàng)2023-03-2810:52·\t"/article/7215424613138989623/_blank"人民網來源：人民網-理論頻道過去三十多年里，我國數(shù)字經濟取得長足發(fā)展，在總體規(guī)模、發(fā)展水平與技術能力等方面均已達到或接近全球領先水平。數(shù)字經濟是新一輪信息技術革命催生的第三種主要經濟形態(tài)，能夠從技術、要素、創(chuàng)新、融合等多個層面促進經濟高質量發(fā)展。相對于以往以數(shù)量、規(guī)模、要素投入為主要特征的經濟發(fā)展模式，數(shù)字經濟通過數(shù)字技術進步、人力資本積累與資源配置優(yōu)化實現(xiàn)經濟發(fā)展的質量變革、效率變革、動力變革，是一種更注重社會公平與發(fā)展成果共享的新經濟模式。徐翔是我國數(shù)字經濟領域的卓越領軍人才與優(yōu)秀青年作家。他的兩本最新著作《數(shù)字經濟時代：大數(shù)據(jù)與人工智能驅動新經濟發(fā)展》和《數(shù)字經濟發(fā)展：網絡、算法與數(shù)字平臺》分別從當下與歷史兩種不同視角出發(fā)，以手術刀般的鋒利筆觸和流暢清晰的文字表達，為我們深入剖析了數(shù)字經濟是如何一步步發(fā)展，成為國民經濟發(fā)展的新動能與改變全球競爭格局的關鍵力量。數(shù)字技術及數(shù)字經濟是推動企業(yè)高質量發(fā)展的重要路徑。數(shù)字經濟代表了一種經濟發(fā)展的新動能，它能夠推動以勞動密集型、重工業(yè)為主的產業(yè)結構向以技術含量高、環(huán)境友好型為主的產業(yè)結構轉移。數(shù)字經濟的發(fā)展，通過與實體經濟等經濟形態(tài)的融合、促進普惠金融發(fā)展、激發(fā)地區(qū)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)等途徑，引領我國經濟社會在高質量發(fā)展的道路上行穩(wěn)致遠?！稊?shù)字經濟時代：大數(shù)據(jù)與人工智能驅動新經濟發(fā)展》一書從大數(shù)據(jù)與人工智能這兩種數(shù)字時代的關鍵要素與核心技術入手，深入闡釋了進入數(shù)字經濟時代后從企業(yè)到產業(yè)再到國民經濟面臨的機遇與挑戰(zhàn)，能夠幫助我們更好地理解與應對數(shù)字經濟發(fā)展帶來的全方位沖擊，真正實現(xiàn)數(shù)字化生存。除了推動整體經濟的高質量發(fā)展外，數(shù)字經濟自身的高質量發(fā)展也是數(shù)字經濟新時代的主要特征。數(shù)字技術的創(chuàng)新是數(shù)字經濟的核心驅動力，而數(shù)字經濟的建設亟需核心技術的支撐。促進大量平臺型企業(yè)出現(xiàn)、提高企業(yè)人力資本水平、提高企業(yè)動態(tài)能力，以及緩解融資約束，是大數(shù)據(jù)與人工智能等數(shù)字技術推動企業(yè)創(chuàng)新的作用機制。在數(shù)字經濟背景下，企業(yè)通過開放式創(chuàng)新模式能夠從技術層面構建更為開放的創(chuàng)新生態(tài)。《數(shù)字經濟發(fā)展：網絡、算法與數(shù)字平臺》一書回歸于數(shù)字經濟發(fā)展的源頭——計算機和互聯(lián)網等數(shù)字技術的出現(xiàn)，按照“技術—經濟—治理”的理論邏輯深入闡釋過去半個世紀從信息經濟到知識經濟、再到數(shù)字經濟的發(fā)展全過程，再從全球化視角精彩描述了圍繞數(shù)字經濟展開的激烈國際競爭與制度博弈，為我們提供了從人類歷史發(fā)展的高度思考數(shù)字經濟發(fā)展趨勢與策略應對的新的分析范式。數(shù)字經濟與實體經濟的融合，其實質便是實體經濟的一次轉型升級。黨的二十大報告指出，高質量發(fā)展是全面建設社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家的首要任務。發(fā)展是黨執(zhí)政興國的第一要務。沒有堅實的物質技術基礎，就不可能全面建成社會主義現(xiàn)代化強國。因此必須完整、準確、全面貫徹新發(fā)展理念，堅持社會主義市場經濟改革方向，堅持高水平對外開放，加快構建以國內大循環(huán)為主體、國內國際雙循環(huán)相互促進的新發(fā)展格局。在新的歷史方位上，數(shù)字經濟與實體經濟的融合在人民的需求、供給以及供需平衡三方面都發(fā)揮著不容忽視的作用。加強數(shù)據(jù)互通合作、技術創(chuàng)新合作、產業(yè)發(fā)展合作和數(shù)字經濟治理合作是實現(xiàn)數(shù)字經濟背景下高質量的國際合作的重要路徑?！稊?shù)字經濟時代：大數(shù)據(jù)與人工智能驅動新經濟發(fā)展》和《數(shù)字經濟發(fā)展：網絡、算法與數(shù)字平臺》的學術價值自然不言而喻，我相信這兩本書的實踐價值與現(xiàn)實意義也會隨著我國數(shù)字經濟發(fā)展的不斷推進而進一步凸顯。(作者系清華大學中國經濟思想與實踐研究院常務副院長)一、閱讀單選AThenumberofpeoplewhohavediedworldwideintheCVID-19pandemic（新冠肺炎疫情）haspassedthreemillion,accordingtoJohnsHopkinsUniversity（約翰霍普金斯大學）.Themilestone（轉折點）comesthedayaftertheheadoftheWHO（世衛(wèi)組織）warnedtheworldwas“Reachingthehighestrateofinfection”（最高感染率）sofar.Indiaexperiencingasecondwaverecordedmorethan230,000newcases（病例）onSaturdayalone.Morethan140millioncaseshavebeenrecordedallovertheworldsincethepandemicbegan.WHOchiefDr.TedroswarnedonFridaythat“casesanddeathsarecontinuingtoincreaseatworryingspeeds”.Headdedthat“Allovertheworld,thenumberofnewcaseseveryweekhasnearlydoubledoverthepasttwomonths”.TheUS,IndiaandBrazil,thecountrieswiththemostrecordedcases,haveaccountedformorethanamilliondeathsbetweenthem,accordingtoJohnsHopkinsUniversity.Lastweek,anaverage（平均）of12,000deathsadayreportedaroundtheworld,accordingtonewsagencyAFP.However,officialfiguresworldwide（世界官方數(shù)據(jù)）maynotfullyreflectthetruenumberinmanycountries.根據(jù)短文內容，選擇最佳答案。1．HowmanypeoplehavediedallovertheworldaccordingtoJohnsHopkinsUniversity?A．Morethan3,000,000. B．Lessthan3,000,000. C．Morethan30,000,000. D．Lessthan30,000,000.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisRICHT?A．AccordingtoJohnsHopkinsUniversity,theworldwasreachingthehighestrateofinfection.B．Indiaexperiencingasecondwaverecordedmorethan230,000newcasesonlyinoneday.C．Morethan140millioncaseshavebeenrecordedalloverIndiasincethepandemicbegan.D．Dr.TedrosistheheadofJohnsHopkinsUniversity.3．Whichcountrieshasthemostinfections?A．TheUK,theUS.andIndia. B．Brazil,theUK.andIndia.C．Brazil,theUS.andIndia. D．Britain,theUSandBrazil.4．Thelastparagraphmainlytellsusthat________.A．therewillbethemostdeathsallovertheworldsoonB．therewerethemostdeathslastweekallovertheworldC．officialfiguresworldwidemayreflectlagernumberofdeathsinmanycountriesD．officialfiguresworldwidemayreflectsmallernumberofdeathsinmanycountries5．Whichshouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．TheCOVID-19pandemicisincontrolallovertheword.B．HowtopoetourselvesintheCOVID19pandemic.C．ThecauseoftheCOVID-19pandemic.D．TheCOVID-19pandemicisstillseriousinsomecountries.【短文大意】本文介紹了世界各地新型冠狀病毒疫情的情況?！敬鸢附馕觥?．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThenumberofpeoplewhohavediedworldwideintheCVID-19pandemic（新冠肺炎疫情）haspassedthreemillion,accordingtoJohnsHopkinsUniversity（約翰霍普金斯大學）.”可知，根據(jù)約翰霍普金斯大學的數(shù)據(jù)，全球范圍內死于新冠肺炎疫情的人數(shù)已超過300萬。故選A。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Indiaexperiencingasecondwaverecordedmorethan230,000newcases（病例）onSaturdayalone.”可知，印度也經歷了第二次疫情，一天內新增病例超過23萬例。故選B。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheUS,IndiaandBrazil,thecountrieswiththemostrecordedcases,haveaccountedformorethanamilliondeathsbetweenthem,accordingtoJohnsHopkinsUniversity”可知，感染人數(shù)最多的國家有：巴西、美國和印度。故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“However,officialfiguresworldwide（世界官方數(shù)據(jù)）maynotfullyreflectthetruenumberinmanycountries.”可知，然而，世界各地的官方數(shù)字可能不能完全反映許多國家的真實數(shù)字，因此世界各地的官方數(shù)字可能反映許多國家的死亡人數(shù)較少，故選D。5．標題歸納題。根據(jù)“Themilestone（轉折點）comesthedayaftertheheadoftheWHO（世衛(wèi)組織）warnedtheworldwas“Teachingthehighestrateofinfection”（最高感染率）sofar.”和“TheUS,IndiaandBrazil,thecountrieswiththemostrecordedcases,haveaccountedformorethanamilliondeathsbetweenthem,accordingtoJohnsHopkinsUniversity”可知，本文主要介紹了新型冠狀病毒疫情在一些國家更嚴重，故選D。BIntoday’sclimate,industriesoftentalkaboutthenewpopularwordofthisage,bigdata.Bigdatareferstodataingeneral,mostlyunorganizedandunstructured.Theuseofbigdatahashugepotential(潛力)forvariousindustries,healthcareincluded.FacebookandAmazon,forexample,usebigdatafortheirdigitalstructurestomatchcustomerswiththeirinterests.SomeexpertsindiscussingbigdatahavedescribeditasthefourVs:Volumereferringtoalargeamountofdata;Velocityreferringtothetimelygenerationofdata;Varietyreferringtothemanyformsofdata;Veracityreferringtothequalityofthedata.Someresearchersdiscussedthepotentialofbigdatainmedicinerecently.Forexample,bigdatacanbeusedtoimprovedecision-makingwhencombined(結合)withothernewtechnologylikeartificialintelligence(AI).Itispossiblethatbigdatacancombineclinical(臨床的)characteristics,lifestyleandenvironmentalfactorswithAIinfutureclinicaltesting.However,thisremainsjustadaydreamatthepresentmoment.Sofar,allbigdatatechniquesaremainlydescriptive.Inthefuture,withadvancedcomputationalpower,usingbigdatainmedicineispromising.However,bigdataalsohasitslimitations,andthereareseverallessonswemustlearnbeforeusingiteffectively.First,bigdataisneverwell-managedandcomeswithalargedegreeofmess.Thus,selectingthecorrecttechnologywithhumanpowertomanagebigdataisofimportance.Second,analytic(短文大意的)companiescanmisinterpret(誤解)bigdatabyusingincorrectresearchquestionstotesttheirguessesorusingthewrongtooltoanalyzetherelateddata,resultingindeliveringfalsemessages.Surgisphere,anAmericananalyticcompany,isatypicalexampleofwhatcangowrongthroughtheanalysisofbigdata.Surgispherestatedthatitcollecteddatafromover1000hospitalsworldwide.Althoughthisispossibleandnewtechnologycancompletethistaskwithminimalhumanresources,itisdifficultthatthisdatacanbewell-managed.Inaddition,healthcaredataischallengingtoworkwith,asthecombiningofelectronicmedicalrecordsanddataprivacyaremajorproblems.AnotherexampleistheCambridgeanalyticcase(案例),wheredatagotfromFacebookwasusedwithoutpermission.Whenproperlyused,bigdatacanbeagame-changerforvariousindustries,includingthehealthcareindustry.Thisrequireswell-manageddata,relatedresearchquestions,appropriateanalytictools,andadvancedcomputationalpowers.Inthewronghands,bigdatacanbeabigthreatthatcanbringindustriesintodisorderasawhole.6．Accordingtothepassage,FacebookandAmazonusebigdatato________.A．setuptheirhealthcareindustry B．correcttheirdigitalstructuresC．meetcustomers’preferences D．increasetheamountofdata7．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Bigdatainme?icinecanbeusedwellwithimprovedcomputationalpower.B．Medicalrecordsanddataprivacyarewell-managedinhealthcare.C．ThedatawasmisleadingintheCambridgeanalyticcase.D．Amazonusedtherelateddatawithoutfalsemessages.8．Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toquestionwhetherthedatacompaniescanhelptoimprovedecision-making.B．Toshowindustriescanbenefitfrombigdatatechnologywithitsproperuse.C．Toprovedatacanbefullydependedonwithadvancedanalytictools.D．Toexplainwhypeoplecanmakefulluseofbigdatatechnology·9．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．BigData:AGame-changerB．BigData:ANewPopularWordC．BigData:ACoinwithTwoSidesD．BigData:ANewAgeforMedicine【短文大意】本文介紹了大數(shù)據(jù)對各個領域的用處以及它的局限性?！敬鸢附馕觥?．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“FacebookandAmazon,forexample,usebigdatafortheirdigitalstructurestomatchcustomerswiththeirinterests”可知，亞馬遜和臉書使用大數(shù)據(jù)來滿足客戶的偏好，故選C。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inthefuture,withadvancedcomputationalpower,usingbigdatainmedicineispromising”可知，等有了先進的計算能力，大數(shù)據(jù)應用于醫(yī)學很有前途，故選A。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Whenproperlyused,bigdatacanbeagame-changerforvariousindustries,includingthehealthcareindustry”可知，作者寫本文的目的是想告訴讀者各行業(yè)可以從大數(shù)據(jù)技術的合理利用中受益，故選B。9．最佳標題。根據(jù)“Whenproperlyused,bigdatacanbeagame-changerforvariousindustries,includingthehealthcareindustry”及“Inthewronghands,bigdatacanbeabigthreatthatcanbringindustriesintodisorderasawhole”及全文的描述可知，本文主要介紹了大數(shù)據(jù)對各個領域的用處以及它的局限性，如果合理利用，很多領域都會從中受益，如果錯誤使用，大數(shù)據(jù)就會是一個巨大的威脅，C選項“大數(shù)據(jù)——硬幣的兩面性”符合，故選C。CFiveyearsisarathershorttimeinthelonghistoryofChina.Butfordigital(數(shù)字的)development,alotofchangeshavetakenplaceinmanyaspectsofourlife.Nowadays,it’snormalforpeopletocommunicateonWeChat,themostpopularmobilesocialmediaplatforminChina.Peopletakelesscash(現(xiàn)金)withthembecausemostofthestoresandhotelsacceptWeChatPayandAlipay.InChina,holdingamobilephonemeanshavingtheworldinyourhands.Youcanshop,travel,communicate,havefunbyusingamobilephone,andallofthesetaskscanbecompletedwithafewfingertaps.Withoutmobilephones,lifewouldseemdull.Bytheendof2016,therewere695millionmobilephoneusersinChina,anincreaseof12percentonyear—on—yearbasis.TheaveragemobileInternetdatatrafficreached172megabytespermonth,whichwasfarmorethantheglobalaverage.Atthetwosessions(兩會),PremierLiKeqiangpointedoutthatin2017thespeedofmobilenetworkwouldbeincreasedandthecostwouldbereducedgreatly.Mobileratesfordomesticroaming(國內漫游)andlongdistancecallswouldbecancelled(取消).Meanwhile,theTD-LTE4GcommunicationtechnologydevelopedmainlyinChinahasbeenacceptedandwidelyusedacrosstheworld.In2020,China’s5Gnetworkisinservice.IthelpsChina’smobiletelecommunicationovertake(反超)theinternationalcommunity’s.10．Peopletakelesscashwiththembecause_________.A．cashisn’tusefulanymore B．it’seasiertouseonlinepaybymobilephoneC．manystoresrefusecash D．onlinepayisusedinallstoresandhotels11．Byusingamobilephone,youcandomanythingsEXCEPT________.A．orderingsomethingtoeat B．chattingwithfriendsC．playinggames D．cookingsomethingdelicious12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dull”meaninParagraph3?A．Interesting. B．Amazing. C．Boring. D．Exciting.13．Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat_________.A．ThecostofusingmobilephonesislowerB．thespeedofmobilenetworksloweddownC．ChineseuserswillmakephonecallsforfreeinthefutureD．theusingofmobilephoneswascancelled14．Whichoneistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Peoplecan’tlivewithoutmobilephones.B．Thespeedofmobilenetworkandthecostwouldbeincreasedgreatly.C．TheTD—LTE4GcommunicationtechnologyisonlyusedinChina.D．China’s5Gnetworkhasalreadybeeninservice.【短文大意】本文介紹了中國數(shù)字化的發(fā)展，數(shù)字化給中國人民的生活帶來非常大的便利，中國也在促進5G通信技術的發(fā)展?！敬鸢附馕觥?0．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Peopletakelesscash(現(xiàn)金)withthembecausemostofthestoresandhotelsacceptWeChatPayandAlipay.”可知，由于大多數(shù)商店和酒店接受微信支付和支付寶支付，所以人們隨身攜帶的現(xiàn)金較少了。由此說明用手機在線支付更方便（比使用現(xiàn)金方便）。故選B。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段第二句“Youcanshop…fingertaps.”可知，你可以利用手機購物，旅行，交流，娛樂，所有的活動只需用手指點擊幾下。文中沒有提到利用手機能做飯。由此判斷通過使用手機，你可以做很多事情除了烹飪美味的東西。故選D。12．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段內容“Youcanshop,travel,communicate,havefunbyusingamobilephone,andallofthesetaskscanbecompletedwithafewfingertaps”可知，有了手機可以做很多事情。由此推測沒有了手機，人們的生活不可能是“有趣的，“令人驚奇的”，“刺激的”，只能是“無聊的”，符合語境。故選C。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內容“Atthetwosessions…longdistancecallswouldbecancelled.”可知，在兩會上，李克強總理指出，2017年移動的速度網絡將會提高，成本將會大大降低。國內漫游費和長途電話費將被取消。由此說明，使用手機的成本更低了。故選A。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“In2020,China’s5Gnetworkisinservice.IthelpsChina’smobiletelecommunicationovertake(反超)theinternationalcommunity’s”可知，在2020年，中國的5G網絡投入使用。它幫助中國的移動通信反超國際社會。由此推斷選項D“中國的5G網絡已經投入使用?！闭_。故選D。DTheSwedishcarmakerVolvoannouncedthatitwouldonlymakeelectriccarsby2030.VolvoisknownasaSwedishcarmaker,butit’sbeenownedbyaChinesecompanysince2010.Volvoisthesecondlargecarcompanytosayitwillstopmakingtraditionalengines(發(fā)動機).InJanuary,AmericancarmakerGeneralMotorssaiditwouldonlymakeelectriccarsby2035.HenrikGreenisVolvo’schieftechnologyofficer.Hesaid:“thereisnolong-termfuture”forcarswithtraditionalengines.IfyouwanttobuyoneoftheseVolvosinaboutnineyears,youwillhavetomakeyourorderonline.However,theVolvostoreswillremaininplacesocustomerscanlookatcarsandhavethemrepaired.Volvosaiditplannedtoshowanewelectriccar.Thecompanyhopesthatwithinfouryears,halfofitssalesaroundtheworldwillcomefromelectriccars.Theotherhalfwillcomefromcarsknownashybrids(混合動力).Hybridcarsusebothbatteries(電池)andtraditionalenginestomovethecar.GreensaidthemovetoelectriccarswouldhelpVolvo“meettheexpectationsofourcustomersandfightairpollution”.Astechnologyimprovesandgovernmentstrytocutdownpollution,morecarmakerslikeVolvoareincreasingproductionofelectriccars.However,Americanscontinuetobuymorecarspoweredbytraditionalengines.OnlyabouttwopercentofthecarssoldlastyearintheU.S.wereelectric.Aroundtheworld,about2-and-a-halfmillionelectriccarsweresoldlastyearandindustryanalysts(短文大意師)expectthattoincreaseby70percentin2021.Volvosoldabout660,000carsworldwidelastyear.One-sixthofthecompany’ssalescameintheU.S.15．ThecarmakerVolvobelongstoa(an)________companynow.A．Swedish B．German C．Chinese D．American16．WhywillVolvostopmakingtraditionalcars?Because________.A．electriccarsareeasiertomake B．customerswillpreferelectriccarsC．traditionalcarsmakelessmoney D．GeneralMotorswillmakeelectriccars17．Whichstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Traditionalcarswillnotbeboughtinnineyears.B．Electriccarsandhybridscarsmakenoairpollution.C．Volvoisthefirsttoannouncetostopmakingtraditionalcars.D．Hybridscarsarepoweredbybatteriesandtraditionalengines.18．________carsweremorepopularintheU.S.lastyear.A．Thehybrid B．Thetraditional C．Theelectric D．Thebattery19．Accordingtotheindustryanalysts,howmanyelectriccarswillbesoldin2021?A．About250,000 B．About430,000 C．About660,000 D．About700,000【短文大意】文章介紹了隨著技術的進步和環(huán)保的考慮，越來越多的汽車制造商，如沃爾沃等，正在增加電動汽車的生產，未來電動汽車將占主要地位?！敬鸢附馕觥?5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“VolvoisknownasaSwedishcarmaker,butit’sbeenownedbyaChinesecompanysince2010.”可知，沃爾沃是一家瑞典汽車制造商，但自2010年以來一直為一家中國公司所有。故選C。16．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“GreensaidthemovetoelectriccarswouldhelpVolvo“meettheexpectationsofourcustomersandfightairpollution”.”可知，沃爾沃汽車制造商即將停止傳統(tǒng)的引擎汽車制造轉向電動汽車，將有助于沃爾沃“滿足客戶的期望，并與空氣污染作斗爭”，故選B。17．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Hybridcarsusebothbatteries(電池)andtraditionalenginestomovethecar.”可知，混合動力汽車使用電池和傳統(tǒng)發(fā)動機來驅動汽車。故選D。18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“However,Americanscontinuetobuymorecarspoweredbytraditionalengines.OnlyabouttwopercentofthecarssoldlastyearintheU.S.wereelectric.”可知，美國人繼續(xù)購買更多由傳統(tǒng)發(fā)動機驅動的汽車。傳統(tǒng)發(fā)動機驅動的汽車會更受歡迎，故選B。19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Aroundtheworld,about2-and-a-halfmillionelectriccarsweresoldlastyearandindustryanalysts(短文大意師)expectthattoincreaseby70percentin2021.”可知，在全球范圍內，去年電動汽車銷量約為250萬輛，行業(yè)短文大意師預計，2021年電動汽車銷量將增長70%，也就是會在原有的約250萬輛的基礎上增加70%（175輛），也就是大約430萬輛，故選B。EScientistshavelongpredictedthatwarmertemperaturescausedbyclimate（氣候）changewillhavethebiggestinfluenceontheworld’spoorestpeople.Newresearchnowsuggeststhathasalreadyhappenedoverthepastyears.AstudycomingoutintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencefoundthatinmostpoorcountries,highertemperaturesaremorethan90%likelytohaveresultedinafallineconomicoutput（經濟產量）,comparedtoaworldwithoutglobal（全球的）warming.Theinfluencehasbeenlessbiginrichercountries—withsomeevenbenefiting（獲益）fromhighertemperatures.“We’renotsayingthatglobalwarmingcreatedinequality（不公平）,”saysNoahS.Diffenbaugh,thewriterofthestudyandaprofessoratStanfordUniversitywhostudiesclimatechange.But“globalwarminghassloweddowntheimprovement”.Thepoorestcountriesarefacingtheworstinfluenceofrisingtemperatures—forwhichtheyareleastresponsible,headds.Thenewstudybuildsonpastresearch.A2015studyinthejournalNaturepredictedthattheaverageincome（平均收入））inthepoorestcountrieswillbe25%lowerby2100comparedtoaworldwithoutwarming,whilesomeoftherichestcountries—liketheUSA—couldexperienceanincreaseinincome.AndareportfromIPCC,theUN’sclimatesciencebody,showedthatifglobaltemperaturesrisemorethan1.5℃bytheendofthecentury,poorcountrieswilllikelyfaceveryseriouschallenges,includingthedisappearanceofwholecommunitiesandmillionsofearlydeaths.“Theywillsufferthemost,astheyarealready,”saidMaryRobinson,whousedtobeaUNSpecialEnvoyonClimateChangeandapresidentofIreland.Theinfluenceisgreaterelsewhere,especiallyinSub-Saharan,AfricancountriesincludingSudan,BurkinaFasoandNiger,whereclimatechangehasdriventheaverageincomemorethan20%lower.“Thereareanumberofwaysbywhichtemperatureinfluenceseconomicactivities,”saysDiffenbaughWhat’sclearisthat,forpoorcountries,thenewsisallbad.20．Accordingtothetext,warmertemperatures________.A．aremainlycausedbypoorcountries B．maybringadvantagestorichcountriesC．hadnoinfluenceontheworldbefore D．canimprovethepoorestpeople’shealth21．Whatdoes“suffer”underlinedinParagraph4mostprobablymeaninChinese?A．供應 B．猶豫 C．遭受 D．謀利22．Whichofthefollowingwillfacegreateconomicproblemscausedbyclimatechange?A．TheUN. B．TheUSA． C．Ireland. D．BurkinaFaso.23．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Climatechangewillmakepoorcountriespoorer. B．Wemusttakeactiontodealwithclimatechange.C．Climatechangecancausemillionsofearlydeaths. D．Peoplemakegoodpredictionsaboutclimatechange.24．Fromwhichisthetextmostprobablytaken?A．Ageographytextbook. B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Aresearchpaper. D．Astorybook.【短文大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了氣溫升高會對貧窮國家造成重大影響，使他們更加貧窮?！敬鸢附馕觥?0．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theinfluencehasbeenlessbiginrichercountries—withsomeevenbenefiting（獲益）fromhighertemperatures.”可知，在較富裕的國家，氣候變化的影響較小，有些國家甚至從高溫中獲益。所以，氣溫升高可能會給富裕國家?guī)砗锰?。故選B。21．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后句“astheyarealready.”以及前文“poorcountrieswilllikelyfaceveryseriouschallenges,includingthedisappearanceofwholecommunitiesandmillionsofearlydeaths.”可知，貧窮國家很可能面臨非常嚴重的挑戰(zhàn)，包括整個社區(qū)的消失和數(shù)百萬人的過早死亡。所以，貧窮國家會遭受氣溫升高所帶來的影響。畫線詞suffer意為“遭受”，故選C。22．細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)“Theinfluenceisgreaterelsewhere,especiallyinsub-Saharan,Africandriventheaverageincomemorethan20%lower.”可知，布基納法索（非洲國家）將面臨由氣候變化引起的重大經濟問題。故選D。23．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Scientistshavelongpredictedthatwarmertemperaturescausedbyclimate（氣候）changewillhavethebiginfluenceontheworld'spoorestpeople.”以及通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了氣溫升高會對貧窮國家造成重大影響，使他們更加貧窮。故選A。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Scientistshavelongpredictedthatwarmertemperaturescausedbyclimate（氣候）changewillhavethebiginfluenceontheworld'spoorestpeople.Newresearchnowsuggeststhathasalreadyhappenedoverthepastyears.”可知，科學家們早就預測，氣候變化導致的氣溫升高將對世界上最貧窮的人產生重大影響。新的研究表明，這種情況在過去幾年已經發(fā)生了。本文最有可能來源于一篇研究論文。故選C。二、閱讀回答問題請閱讀下面這篇文章，根據(jù)所提供的信息，回答5個問題，要求所寫答案語法正確，語義完整，并把答案寫在答題卡指定的位置?！癈learyourplate.Saynotowaste.”Itmeansdonotwasteagrainoffood.Foodwastehasbecomeabigproblemthesedays.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,1.3billiontonsoffoodiswastedeveryyear—that’saboutathirdoftheworld’stotalfood.InChinaalonetherestaurantswasted17to18milliontonsoffoodayearfrom2013to2015.Thatcouldfeed30to50millionpeopleforawholeyear.Toreducethewaste,Peoplehavetakenmeasurestocontrolfoodwaste.InShaanxiprovince,restaurantswereaskedtoservehalfportions（半份）toavoidwaste.TheWuhanCateringAssociation（餐飲協(xié)會）suggestedthatrestaurantsusethe“N-1mode”.Forexample,agroupof10dinersshouldonlyorderenoughforninepeopleatfirst.Ifpeoplecan’tfinishtheirmeals,theyarealsoencouragedtotaketheleftovers（剩菜）home.OnWeChat,amini-programcalled“ClearPlate”invitespeopletoexchangepicturesoftheiremptyplatesforcreditpoints（信用分）.Peoplecanusethecredittobuythingsorgivefoodtochildreninpoorareas.“Wehopeoureffortscanstartanewtrendamongtheyoungergeneration,encouragingthemtocarryoutthevirtue（美德）ofcherishingfoodanddevelopingthehabitofthrift,”saidLiuJichen,developerofthemini-program.25．Whatdoes“Clearyourplate.Saynotowaste.”mean?___________________________________________________________________________26．HowmuchfoodiswastedeveryyearaccordingtotheUnitedNations?___________________________________________________________________________27．WhydidtherestaurantsinShaanxiservehalfportionstotheircustomers?___________________________________________________________________________28．Wherecanthepeoplein“ClearPlate”exchangepictures?___________________________________________________________________________29．WhatdoesLiuJichenencouragetheyoungergenerationtodo?___________________________________________________________________________【短文大意】文章介紹了為了避免食物的浪費，不同地區(qū)采取的“光盤行動”的具體做法及表現(xiàn)形式?！敬鸢附馕觥?5．根據(jù)“Itmeansdonotwasteagrainoffood.”可知，“光盤行動”的意思是不要浪費一粒糧食。故填Itmeansdonotwasteagrainoffood.26．根據(jù)“AccordingtotheUnitedNations,1.3billiontonsoffoodiswastedeveryyear—that’saboutathirdoftheworld’stotalfood.”可知，據(jù)聯(lián)合國統(tǒng)計，每年有13億噸食物被浪費，故填Thereis1.3billiontonsoffoodiswastedeveryyearaccordingtotheUnitedNations.27．根據(jù)“Toreducethewaste,Peoplehavetakenmeasurestocontrolfoodwaste.InShaanxiprovince,restaurantswereaskedtoservehalfportions（半份）toavoidwaste.”可知，在陜西省，餐館被要求提供一半的食物是為了避免食物浪費。故填Becausetheywantedtoavoidwaste/reducewaste.28．根據(jù)“OnWeChat,amini-programcalled“ClearPlate”invitespeopletoexchangepicturesoftheiremptyplatesforcreditpoints（信用分）.”可知，在微信上，有一個名為“清空盤子”的小程序邀請人們交換空盤子的照片以獲得積分，故填OnWeChat。29．根據(jù)““Wehopeoureffortscanstartanewtrendamongtheyoungergeneration,encouragingthemtocarryoutthevirtue（美德）ofcherishingfoodanddevelopingthehabitofthrift,”saidLiuJichen,developerofthemini-program.”可知，劉季晨希望在年輕一代中掀起一股新的潮流，鼓勵他們發(fā)揚珍惜食物的美德，養(yǎng)成節(jié)儉的習慣，故題Heencouragesthemtocarryoutthevirtueofcherishingfoodanddevelopingthehabitofthrift.三、短文選詞填空A．consider,B．familiar,C．common,D．servious,E.seemsPhonecallsarenolongertheeverydayhabittheyoncewere.Thedevelopmentofdigitaltechnologiesoverthepasttwentyyearsmeansit’sno