Unit5單元話題完形填空專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(名校最新真題)（2021·上海市楊浦高級中學(xué)高二開學(xué)考試）Somechildrenarenatural-bornbosses.Theyhaveastrongneedtomake____1____,managetheirenvironment,andleadratherthan____2____.StephenJackson,aYearOnestudent,“operatesunderthetheoryofwhat’smineismineandwhat’syoursismine,”sayshismother.“TheotherdayIboughttwonewStarWarsLightsabers(光劍).Later,IsawStephenwiththetwo____3____oneswhilehisbrotherwasusingthebeat-upones.”“____4____theextendedfamily,andyou’llprobablyfindabossygrandparent,aunt,uncleorcousininevery____5____.It’saninheritabletrait,”saysRussellBarkley,aprofessorattheMedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina.Otherchildrenwhomaynotbeparticularlybossycangraduallygaindominance____6____theysensetheirparentsareweak,hesitant,orindisagreementwitheachother.Whetherit’sinbornnatureordeveloped____7____atwork,toomuchcontrolinthehandsoftheyoungisn’t____8____forchildrenorthefamily.Fearisattherootofalotofbossybehavior,saysfamilypsychologistJohnTaylor.Children,hesaysinhisbookFromDefiancetoCooperation,“havesecretfeelingsofweakness”and“adesiretofeelsafe.”It’stheparents’roletoprovidethat____9____.Whena“bossychild”doesn’tlearnlimitsathome,heistofacelotsoftroubles_____10_____thefamily.Theoverlywillfulandunbendingchildmayhavetrouble_____11_____teachersandcoaches,forexample,ortroublekeepingfriends.Itcanbepretty_____12_____asthetopdogifnoonelikesyourbossyways.“Iseemoreandmoreparentsgivinguptheir_____13_____,”saysBarkley,whohasstudiedbossybehaviorformorethan30years.“Theybendtoofarbecausetheydon’twanttobeas_____14_____astheirownparentswere.Buttheyalsofeelless_____15_____abouttheirparentingskills.Theirkids,inturn,feelmoreanxious.1．A．a(chǎn)ttempt B．chances C．decisions D．money2．A．change. B．guide C．instruct D．follow3．A．old B．used C．small D．new4．A．Examine B．View C．Look D．Notice5．A．a(chǎn)spect B．generation C．place D．level6．A．while B．even C．though D．when7．A．character B．method C．means D．hobby8．A．happy B．healthy C．harmful D．useful9．A．weakness B．secret C．protection D．pressure10．A．outside B．from C．upon D．inside11．A．helping B．obeying C．objecting D．finding12．A．excellent B．confident C．lonely D．proud13．A．study B．decision C．interest D．power14．A．helpful B．strict C．polite D．changeable15．A．eager B．proud C．helpless D．confident（2022·上?！げ軛疃懈叨谥校￤hocomesfirst?Achild’splaceinthefamilybirthordermayplayaroleinthetypeofoccupationsthatwillinteresthimorherasanadult.newresearchsuggests.Intworelatedstudiesresearchersfoundthatonlychildren—andtoacertainextentfirst-bornchildren-weremoreinterestedinintellectualcareersthanlater-bornchildren.____16____later-bornchildrenweremoreinterestedinbothartisticandoutdoor-relatedcareers.Theseresults____17____theoriesthatsayourplaceinfamilybirthorderwillinfluenceourpersonality,saidFrederickT.L.Leong,co-authorofthestudyandprofessorofpsychologyatOhioUniversity.“Parents____18____placedifferentdemandsandhavedifferentexpectationsofchildrendependingontheirbirthorder.”“Forexample,parentsmaybeextremely____19____ofonlychildrenandworryabouttheirphysicalsafety.Thatmaybewhyonlychildrenaremorelikelytoshowinterestinacademicpursuitsratherthanphysicalor____20____activities.Anonlychildwilltendtogetmoretimeandattentionfromtheirparentsthanchildrenwithsistersorbrothers.Thiswilloftenmakethemfeelspecialbutthe____21____isthattheymaysufferfromjealousyandlonelinesswhenfriendsdiscusstheirbrothersandsistersandfamilylife.”Thefirst-bornisanonlychilduntilthesecondchildcomesalong—transformingthemfrombeingthecentreofattention,tothen____22____thecareofparents.Parentswillalsoexpectthemtoberesponsibleand“setanexample”.The____23____frombeingthefocusofafamilymaybequiteashockandsoshapethefirst-born’soutlookonlife.____24____first-bornsmaytrytogetbacktheirparents’attentionandapprovalbyachievingsuccessintheircareers.Itis____25____thatfirst-bornsaresignificantlymoreoftenfoundaspoliticalleadersthananyotherbirth-orderposition.Beingtheyoungestinthefamilycansometimesbea(n)____26____experienceespeciallyifthechildwantstobetakenseriouslyandtreatedlikeanadult.Thelast-bornismorelikelythantheotherbirth-orderpositionstotakeupdangeroussports.Thismaybea(n)____27____ofthelast-born’srebelliousness-aresultofbeingfedupwithalwaysbeingbossedaboutbyeveryoneelseinthefamily.Middlechildren,however,havedifferent____28____.“Middle-childsyndrome”canmeanfeeling____29____betweentwoother“moreimportant”people—anolderbrotherorsisterwhogetsalltherightsandistreatedlikeanadultandayoungeronewhogetsalltheprivilegesandistreatedlikeaspoiltchild.Middle-bornshavetolearntogetonwitholderandyoungerchildrenandthismaycontributetothembecominggoodnegotiators—ofallthebirth-orderpositionstheyaremostskillfulat____30____bothauthorityfiguresandthoseholdinginferiorpositions16．A．Inaddition B．Incontrast C．Tobefrank D．Tosumup17．A．fitinto B．turnover C．leadto D．serveas18．A．sensibly B．initially C．typically D．patiently19．A．confident B．demanding C．a(chǎn)shamed D．protective20．A．outdoor B．unknown C．social D．relaxing21．A．difference B．purpose C．disadvantage D．benefit22．A．sharing B．keeping C．gaining D．wasting23．A．feedback B．prevention C．relief D．change24．A．However B．Therefore C．Besides D．Otherwise25．A．confusing B．worthwhile C．true D．fine26．A．exciting B．frustrating C．common D．invaluable27．A．honour B．reward C．risk D．sign28．A．a(chǎn)chievements B．a(chǎn)dvantages C．hobbies D．issues29．A．sandwiched B．connected C．distinguished D．stimulated30．A．workingout B．dependingon C．dealingwith D．lookingafter（2022·全國·高二課時練習(xí)）Coffeeisincreasinglyearningscientists’approval.Studiescontinuetosuggestthatthebeverage(飲料)mayhavesome_____31_____effectsonhealth.Inthelatestanalysis,publishedintheBMJ,researchersscannednearly220studiesoncoffeeandfoundthat_____32_____,coffeedrinkersmayenjoymorehealthbenefitsthanpeoplewhodon’tdrinkthebrew.Scientistslearnedthatpeoplewhodrankcoffeewere17%lesslikelytodieearlyduringthestudyperiodfromany_____33_____,19%lesslikelytodieofheartdiseaseand18%lesslikelytodevelopcancer,comparedtopeoplewhodidnotdrinkcoffee.Researchgroupfoundthatthestrongestbenefit_____34_____amongpeoplewhodrankaroundthreecupsofcoffeeaday.Otherstudieshavetriedtofigureoutwhichingredientsincoffee_____35_____toitshealthbenefits.Thosemightincludeitsantioxidants(抗氧化劑),whichcancombatcancer,andanti-inflammatory(抗炎的)compounds,whichcanreducethe_____36_____ofchronic(慢性的)diseasessuchasheartconditionsandevennervedisorderslikeAlzheimer’s,_____37_____thatofliverdiseases._____38_____researchresultssupportmoderatecoffeedrinkingasarelativelyhealthyhabit,someexpertssaythefindingsdon’tgofarenoughto_____39_____thechangesoftheircoffee-drinkinghabitsinthehopesofimprovingtheirhealth.Thestudydidnotconfirm,forexample,thatpeoplewhodonot_____40_____drinkcoffeeshouldstartaddingacuportwoadayinordertolowerhealthrisk.The_____41_____alsodonotsupporttheideathatcurrentcoffeedrinkersshoulddrinkevenmorecoffeetoenhancewhateverbenefitstheymightbereceiving.Toomuchcoffee,thesurveysuggested,startstobendthebenefitcurvebackdown.Theonlynegativehealtheffectsthereviewfoundwere_____42_____women,whowereatslightlyhigherriskofdevelopingcracksinthebonesiftheydrankmorecoffee.Pregnantwomenwhodrankmorecoffee_____43_____havehigherratesofmiscarriage,moreprematurebirthsandmorebabiesbornwithlowbirthweightthanwomenwhodranklesscoffee,thestudyfound.Thefindingsshouldbereassuringforcoffeedrinkers,aslongastheydrink_____44_____.Furtherstudieswillhopefullylookdeeperintothetypeand_____45_____ofcoffeethatbringsthemosthealthbenefit.31．A．definite B．creative C．ideal D．beneficial32．A．a(chǎn)verage B．total C．overall D．besides33．A．possibility B．cause C．reason D．potential34．A．occurred B．operated C．counted D．a(chǎn)woke35．A．a(chǎn)dapt B．a(chǎn)pply C．contribute D．donate36．A．result B．risk C．remark D．resistance37．A．without B．a(chǎn)swellas C．a(chǎn)partat D．exceptfor38．A．While B．Since C．Despite D．When39．A．prosper B．preserve C．promote D．protect40．A．currently B．permanently C．a(chǎn)ccurately D．objectively41．A．media B．instances C．systems D．data42．A．with B．a(chǎn)long C．a(chǎn)mong D．between43．A．tendedto B．pretendedto C．regrettedto D．intendedto44．A．forsure B．inmoderation C．a(chǎn)tallcost D．withouthesitation45．A．a(chǎn)mount B．number C．quality D．deal（2022·天津東麗·高二期末）Lastyear,hundredsofpeoplespentalotofmoneyinclimbingQomolangmaeventhoughtheyknewtheywouldbechallengedwithdifferentrisks.Forthesepeople,climbingQomolangmaisanexperience,makingsomefeelweakandothers___46___．GeorgeMallorybelievedthatwhatpeoplegetfromthis___47___issheerjoy.Peopleeatandmakemoneytobeableto___48___life.Sadly,thisclimberlosthislifein1924whileclimbingQomolangma.AlanArnettebelievedthattherewereathousandreasonstoturnaroundandonlyoneto___49___going.Headded,“Youreallyhavetofocusontheone___50___that’smostimportantanduniquetoyou.Itdependsonthephysicalandmental___51___topushwhenyouwanttostop.”Withthemajorityofattempts___52___eitherintotalsuccessorfailure,isthereascientificreason?Recentstudiesindicatethatrisk-takingmaybepartofhuman___53___.Researchalsosuggeststhatourdesiretoseekriskscanbeconnectedtohowmuchweexpectto___54___theresult.Therefore，it’s___55___uptoyouwhetheryouwilltaketheriskofclimbingQomolangma.46．A．powerful B．broad C．a(chǎn)ware D．frank47．A．charge B．failure C．a(chǎn)dventure D．chapter48．A．confirm B．enjoy C．hesitate D．earn49．A．a(chǎn)void B．keep C．stop D．forbid50．A．risk B．gift C．a(chǎn)ccident D．reason51．A．treatment B．cure C．toughness D．relief52．A．living B．breaking C．looking D．resulting53．A．nature B．wisdom C．mind D．disease54．A．risefrom B．benefitfrom C．sufferfrom D．recoverfrom55．A．totally B．vividly C．hardly D．effectively（2022·上?！じ叨ｎ}練習(xí)）WhatistheGreatPacificGarbagePatch?TheGreatPacificGarbagePatch(GPGP)isthelargestofthefiveoffshoreplasticaccumulationzonesintheworld’soceans.ItislocatedhalfwaybetweenHawaiiandCalifornia.PLASTIC_____56_____Itisestimatedthat1.15to2.41milliontonnesofplasticareenteringtheoceaneachyearfromrivers.Morethanhalfofthisplasticisless_____57_____thanthewater,meaningthatitwillnotsinkonceitencountersthesea.Thestrongandfloatingplasticsshowresiliency(韌性)inthemarineenvironment,allowingthemtobetransportedover_____58_____distances.Theypersistattheseasurfaceastheymaketheirwayoffshore,transportedbyconverging(匯聚的)currentsandfinallyaccumulatinginthepatch.Oncetheseplasticsenterthegyre（環(huán)流）,theyareunlikelytoleavetheareauntilthey_____59_____intosmallermicroplasticsundertheeffectsofsun,wavesandmarinelife.Asmoreandmoreplasticsarediscardedintotheenvironment,microplastic_____60_____intheGPGPwillonlycontinuetoincrease.LOCATIONDuetoseasonalandinterannualvariabilitiesofwindsandcurrents,theGPGP’slocationandshapeareconstantlychanging.Onlyfloatingobjectsthatare_____61_____influencedbycurrentswerelikelytoremainwithinthepatch.BysimulatingconcentrationlevelsintheNorthPacific,theresearcherswereabletofollowthelocationofthepatchandfoundonaverageitorbitsaround32°Nand145°W.However,theteamobservedseasonal_____62_____fromwesttoeastandsubstantialvariationsinlatitude（緯度）dependingontheyear.IMPACTONWILDLIFEPlastichasincreasinglybecomeaverycommonsubstanceintheocean.Duetoitssizeandcolor,animals_____63_____theplasticforfood,causingmalnutrition;itposesentanglement（纏繞）risksandthreatenstheiroverallbehavior,health,andexistence.Studieshaveshownthatabout700specieshaveencounteredmarinedebris,and92%ofthese_____64_____arewithplastic.17%ofthespeciesaffectedbyplasticareontheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureRedListofThreatenedSpecies.IMPACTONHUMANSANDSOCIETYOnceplasticentersthemarinefoodweb,thereisapossibilitythatitwillcontaminatethehumanfoodchainaswell.Throughaprocesscalledbioaccumulation,chemicalsinplasticswillenterthebodyoftheanimal_____65_____ontheplastic,andasthefeederbecomesprey,thechemicalswillpasstothe_____66_____—makingtheirwayupthefoodwebthatincludeshumans.Thesechemicalsthataffectedtheplasticfeederscouldthenbe_____67_____withinthehumanaswell._____68_____,yearlyeconomiccostsduetomarineplasticareestimatedtobebetween$6-19billionUSD．Thecosts_____69_____itsimpactontourism,fisheriesandaquaculture,andgovernmentalcleanups.Thesecostsdonotincludetheimpactonhumanhealthandthemarineecosystemdueto_____70_____researchavailable.56．A．ACCUMULATION B．DRIFT C．FLOATING D．PROMOTION57．A．light B．thick C．tiny D．dense58．A．a(chǎn)djusted B．overdone C．deposited D．extended59．A．upgrade B．degrade C．a(chǎn)ssemble D．disassemble60．A．transportation B．estimation C．concentration D．location61．A．predominantly B．rarely C．previously D．slightly62．A．similarity B．shift C．boost D．figure63．A．exchange B．substitute C．leave D．confuse64．A．implications B．interactions C．interferences D．influences65．A．resting B．feeding C．risking D．waiting66．A．mariner B．prey C．tracker D．predator67．A．present B．a(chǎn)bsent C．current D．reliable68．A．Likewise B．However C．Moreover D．Therefore69．A．resultin B．removefrom C．stemfrom D．bringabout70．A．insufficient B．a(chǎn)dequate C．insignificant D．substantial（2022·河南·高二開學(xué)考試）Whatifananimal’smainfoodsourceisveryscarceinthewinter?The___71___maybehibernation(冬眠)，thatis,adeepsleepwhichallowsthemto___72___thewinterwithlittleornofood.Waysofhibernation___73___widely.Someanimalsstorefoodintheirburrows(洞穴)toeatwhentheyawakeforshortperiods.Many___74___extrafoodinthefallwhileitisplentiful,whichis___75___asbodyfattobeusedlaterforenergy.Hibernatorshavetwokindsof___76___——regularwhitefatandspecialbrownfat.Thebrownfat___77___neartheanimal’sbrain,heartandlungs.Itsmain___78___istoprovideextrabodyheat.Italsosendsaquickburstof___79___towarmtheseorgansfirstwhenit’stimetowakeup.Truehibernatorsgointosuchadeepsleepthattheyaredifficultto____80____andmayappeardead.Their____81____goesdown.Theirbreathingandheartbeatslowsignificantly.____82____hibernatingwoodchuck’sheartrate____83____from80to4beatsperminute,anditstemperature____84____from37°Ctoaslowas4°C．Otherhibernatinganimalsdon’texperiencemajor____85____intemperature,heartrateorbreathing.Theyareusuallythe____86____sleepers,easilyawakened.Theymaysleepduringthe____87____weatherandwaketowanderandeatduringmilderweather.Ifananimallivesinanareawherethewinterismild,itmayhibernateonly____88____ornotatall.However,evenwhenthe____89____issevere,theanimalsmaywakeupforshortperiodseveryfewweekstousetheir“toiletrooms”andeatiffoodis____90____71．A．solution B．explanation C．preparation D．imagination72．A．miss B．a(chǎn)void C．escape D．survive73．A．a(chǎn)rise B．vary C．exist D．spread74．A．produce B．waste C．eat D．plant75．A．buried B．stored C．blocked D．discovered76．A．blood B．fiber C．skin D．fat77．A．forms B．suffers C．declines D．continues78．A．truth B．choice C．function D．possibility79．A．light B．energy C．a(chǎn)ctivity D．emotion80．A．wakeup B．jumpup C．stayslim D．fallasleep81．A．pulse B．pressure C．movement D．temperature82．A．Forexample B．However C．Inshort D．Thus83．A．runsout B．turnsup C．slowsdown D．goesback84．A．disappears B．passes C．drops D．starts85．A．benefits B．changes C．challenges D．a(chǎn)ccidents86．A．dangerous B．peaceful C．heavy D．light87．A．nicest B．mildest C．warmest D．severest88．A．briefly B．a(chǎn)bruptly C．normally D．permanently89．A．stress B．warning C．weather D．problem90．A．a(chǎn)ffordable B．a(chǎn)vailable C．necessary D．a(chǎn)bandoned參考答案：1．C

2．D

3．D

4．A

5．B

6．D

7．A

8．B

9．C

10．A

11．B

12．C

13．D

14．B

15．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是議論文。文章主要講述了究竟是什么導(dǎo)致了孩子專橫的的行為，原來是父母對他們的放縱，對他們的要求不夠嚴(yán)格，導(dǎo)致他們?nèi)狈Π踩小?．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們有強(qiáng)烈的決策需求，管理他們的環(huán)境，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)而不是跟隨。A.attempt嘗試；B.chances機(jī)會；C.decisions決定；D.money錢。根據(jù)上文“Somechildrenarenatural-bornbosses.”可知，一些孩子天生是專橫跋扈的，因此推斷他們有強(qiáng)烈的決策需求。故選C。2．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.change改變；B.guide引導(dǎo)；C.instruct指示；教授；D.follow跟隨；效仿。根據(jù)上文“Somechildrenarenatural-bornbosses.”可知，一些孩子天生是專橫跋扈的，因此推斷他們想要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)別人而不是跟隨他人。故選D。3．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，我看到斯蒂芬有兩個新的，而他的兄弟在玩舊的。A.old老的；B.used用過的；C.small小的；D.new新的。根據(jù)上文“StephenJackson,aYearOnestudent,“operatesunderthetheoryofwhat’smineismineandwhat’syoursismine,”sayshismother.(斯蒂芬·杰克遜是一年級學(xué)生，他的母親說:“他的理論就是我的就是我的，你的也是我的?！?”可推斷，斯蒂芬是一個專橫的孩子，因此當(dāng)媽媽買了兩個新的玩具光劍時，他都據(jù)為己有，而他的兄弟只能玩舊的。故選D。4．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：審視整個大家庭，你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)每一代都有一個專橫的祖父母，阿姨，叔叔或者表兄弟。A.Examine檢查，審查；B.View觀看；C.Look看；D.Notice注意。根據(jù)下文“you’llprobablyfindabossygrandparent,aunt,uncleorcousin”可知，審視大家庭你會發(fā)現(xiàn)每一代都有專橫的親戚。故選A。5．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.aspect方面；B.generation世代；C.place地方；D.level水平。根據(jù)上文“It’saninheritabletrait(這是一種可遺傳的特征)”可知，這些專橫的祖父母，阿姨，叔叔，表兄弟出現(xiàn)在每一代中。故選B。6．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：其他可能不那么專橫的孩子，但當(dāng)他們感覺到父母軟弱、猶豫或彼此意見不一致時，他們就會逐漸獲得主導(dǎo)權(quán)。A.while當(dāng)……時候；B.even甚至；C.though盡管；D.when當(dāng)……時候。根據(jù)句意此處用when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，接延續(xù)性動作。故選D。7．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：無論是天生的性格還是在工作中形成的性格，太多的控制權(quán)掌握在年輕人手中對孩子或家庭來說都不健康。A.character性格；B.method方法；C.means方式；D.hobby愛好。or表示選擇，空處與上文的nature屬于同一范疇的詞匯，character與nature都表示“性格”，故選A。8．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.happy快樂的；B.healthy健康的；C.harmful有害的；D.useful有用的。根據(jù)下文“Fearisattherootofalotofbossybehavior”可知，恐懼是許多專橫行為的根源，因此推斷年輕人有太多的控制權(quán)是不健康的。故選B。9．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：提供保護(hù)是父母的職責(zé)。A.weakness弱點(diǎn)；B.secret秘密；C.protection保護(hù)；D.pressure壓力。根據(jù)上文“Children,hesaysinhisbookFromDefiancetoCooperation,“havesecretfeelingsofweakness”and“adesiretofeelsafe.”(他在《從反抗到合作》(FromDefiancetoCooperation)一書中說，孩子們“暗地里有軟弱的感覺”，“渴望獲得安全感”。)”可知，孩子們實(shí)際上渴望安全感，因此推斷父母應(yīng)該提供保護(hù)。故選C。10．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)一個“專橫的孩子”在家里不懂得限制時，他在家庭之外將面臨許多麻煩。A.outside在外邊；B.from從；C.upon在……上面；D.inside在里邊。根據(jù)上文“Whena“bossychild”doesn’tlearnlimitsathome”和下文“troublekeepingfriends”可知，一個專橫的孩子在家里沒有學(xué)會限制，在家庭外就會面對許多麻煩。故選A。11．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，過于任性和不聽話的孩子可能很難服從老師和教練，或者很難維持朋友關(guān)系。A.helping幫助；B.obeying遵守；C.objecting反對；D.finding發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文“heistofacelotsoftroubles”和下文“ortroublekeepingfriends”可知，過于任性和不聽話的孩子很難服從老師和教練。故選B。12．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：作為領(lǐng)頭羊可能會很孤獨(dú)，如果沒有人喜歡你專橫的方式。A.excellent極好的；B.confident自信的；C.lonely孤獨(dú)的；D.proud自豪的。根據(jù)下文“ifnoonelikesyourbossyways”可知，沒有人喜歡你專橫的方式，作為領(lǐng)頭羊會感到孤單。故選C。13．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我看到越來越多的父母放棄他們的權(quán)力。A.study學(xué)習(xí)；B.decision決定；C.interest興趣；D.power權(quán)力。根據(jù)下文“Theybendtoofar”可知，父母放棄了自己的權(quán)力。故選D。14．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們太讓步了，因?yàn)樗麄儾幌胂褡约旱母改改菢訃?yán)格。A.helpful有好處的；B.strict嚴(yán)格的；C.polite禮貌的；D.changeable可改變的。根據(jù)上文“Theybendtoofar”可知，父母讓步很多，不想自己像他們的父母那么嚴(yán)格。故選B。15．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但他們對自己的育兒技巧也缺乏信心。A.eager渴望的；B.proud驕傲的；C.helpless無助的；D.confident自信的。根據(jù)上文“Theybendtoofar”和下文“Theirkids,inturn,feelmoreanxious”可推斷，父母讓步很多，也對自己的育兒技巧缺乏信心，從而讓孩子們更焦慮。故選D。16．B

17．A

18．C

19．D

20．A

21．C

22．A

23．D

24．B

25．C

26．B

27．D

28．D

29．A

30．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了家中不同順序出生的孩子所具有的一些特點(diǎn)、存在的問題以及對他們將來的影響。16．考查介詞短語辨析。句意：相比之下，晚出生的孩子對藝術(shù)和戶外相關(guān)的職業(yè)更感興趣。A.Inaddition此外；B.Incontrast比較起來；C.Tobefrank說實(shí)話；D.Tosumup總之。結(jié)合上文“Intworelatedstudiesresearchersfoundthatonlychildren—andtoacertainextentfirst-bornchildren—weremoreinterestedinintellectualcareersthanlater-bornchildren.(在兩項(xiàng)相關(guān)的研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，獨(dú)生子女——在一定程度上是長子——比后生的孩子對智力事業(yè)更感興趣)”可知此處是在將長子或獨(dú)生子女與晚出生的孩子進(jìn)行對比，故選B。17．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：該研究的合著者、俄亥俄大學(xué)心理學(xué)教授FrederickT.L.Leong說，這些結(jié)果符合我們在家庭出生順序中的位置會影響我們的性格的理論。A.fitinto適合，符合；B.turnover翻轉(zhuǎn)；C.leadto導(dǎo)致；D.serveas擔(dān)任。根據(jù)后文“theoriesthatsayourplaceinfamilybirthorderwillinfluenceourpersonality”指研究結(jié)果符合性格理論，故選A。18．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)孩子的出生順序，父母通常會對孩子提出不同的要求和期望。A.sensibly明顯地；B.initially首先；C.typically典型地，通常；D.patiently耐心地。根據(jù)后文“placedifferentdemandsandhavedifferentexpectationsofchildrendependingontheirbirthorder.”指根據(jù)孩子的出生順序，父母通常會對孩子提出不同的要求和期望。故選C。19．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，父母可能非常保護(hù)獨(dú)生子女，擔(dān)心他們的人身安全。A.confident自信的；B.demanding苛刻的；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.protective保護(hù)的。根據(jù)后文“ofonlychildrenandworryabouttheirphysicalsafety”可知，父母可能非常保護(hù)獨(dú)生子女，擔(dān)心他們的人身安全。故選D。20．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這可能就是為什么獨(dú)生子女更有可能對學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)出興趣，而不是體育或戶外活動。A.outdoor戶外的；B.unknown未知的；C.social社會的；D.relaxing令人放松的。根據(jù)上文“Thatmaybewhyonlychildrenaremorelikelytoshowinterestinacademicpursuitsratherthanphysicalor”可知，獨(dú)生子女更有可能對學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)出興趣，而不是體育或戶外活動。故選A。21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這通常會讓他們感到特別，但缺點(diǎn)是，當(dāng)朋友談?wù)撍麄兊男值芙忝煤图彝ド顣r，他們可能會遭受嫉妒和孤獨(dú)。A.difference差異；B.purpose目的；C.disadvantage缺點(diǎn)；D.benefit利益。后文“isthattheymaysufferfromjealousyandlonelinesswhenfriendsdiscusstheirbrothersandsistersandfamilylife”提到遭到極度和孤獨(dú)是缺點(diǎn)，故選C。22．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：第一個孩子在第二個孩子出生之前都是獨(dú)生子女的，這讓他們從焦點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)變分享父母的關(guān)心。A.sharing分享；B.keeping保持；C.gaining獲得；D.wasting浪費(fèi)。根據(jù)上文“Thefirst-bornisanonlychilduntilthesecondchildcomesalong—transformingthemfrombeingthecentreofattention,tothen”可知，第一個孩子在第二個孩子出生之前都是獨(dú)生子女的，這讓他們從焦點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)變分享父母的關(guān)心。故選A。23．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從成為家庭焦點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變可能是一個相當(dāng)大的沖擊，因此塑造了第一個孩子的人生觀。A.feedback反饋；B.prevention防止；C.relief安慰；D.change改變。根據(jù)后文“frombeingthefocusofafamilymaybequiteashockandsoshapethefirst-born’soutlookonlife”可知，第一個孩子逐漸變得不是家庭的焦點(diǎn)了，這是一種改變，故選D。24．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，長子長女可能試圖通過在事業(yè)上取得成功來重新獲得父母的關(guān)注和認(rèn)可。A.However然而；B.Therefore因此；C.Besides此外；D.Otherwise否則。結(jié)合前后文可知為因果關(guān)系，應(yīng)用therefore。故選B。25．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：的確，長子長女作為政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的比例明顯高于其他任何出生順序的職位。A.confusing令人費(fèi)解的；B.worthwhile值得的；C.true真實(shí)的；D.fine好的。后文“thatfirst-bornsaresignificantlymoreoftenfoundaspoliticalleadersthananyotherbirth-orderposition.(長子長女作為政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的比例明顯高于其他任何出生順序的職位)”是客觀事實(shí)，真實(shí)存在，故選C。26．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在家里做最小的孩子有時是一種令人沮喪的經(jīng)歷，特別是如果孩子想要被認(rèn)真對待，像成年人一樣對待。A.exciting令人興奮的；B.frustrating令人沮喪的；C.common共同的；D.invaluable極寶貴的。根據(jù)后文“experienceespeciallyifthechildwantstobetakenseriouslyandtreatedlikeanadult”可知家里最小的孩子無法被當(dāng)成成年人對待，這是令人沮喪。故選B。27．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這可能是最后出生的孩子叛逆的一個跡象——這是受夠了家里所有人對他發(fā)號施令的結(jié)果。A.honour榮譽(yù)；B.reward獎勵；C.risk風(fēng)險；D.sign標(biāo)志，跡象。根據(jù)上文“Thelast-bornismorelikelythantheotherbirth-orderpositionstotakeupdangeroussports.(最后出生的孩子比其他出生順序的孩子更有可能從事危險的運(yùn)動)”可知，這可能是最后出生的孩子叛逆的一個跡象，故選D。28．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，中間兒童有不同的問題。A.achievements成就；B.advantages優(yōu)點(diǎn)；C.hobbies愛好；D.issues問題。結(jié)合后文“Middle-childsyndrome”可知，家中中間出生的孩子所存在的問題，故選D。29．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“排行中間的孩子綜合癥”可能意味著感覺自己夾在另外兩個“更重要”的人中間——一個哥哥或姐姐擁有所有的權(quán)利，被當(dāng)作成年人對待，而一個弟弟或妹妹擁有所有的特權(quán)，被當(dāng)作被寵壞的孩子對待。A.sandwiched夾在中間；B.connected連接；C.distinguished區(qū)別；D.stimulated刺激。根據(jù)后文“betweentwoother“moreimportant”people—anolderbrotherorsisterwhogetsalltherightsandistreatedlikeanadultandayoungeronewhogetsalltheprivileges”可知中間出生的孩子被夾在中間了，故選A。30．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：中間出生的孩子必須學(xué)會與年長和年幼的孩子相處，這可能有助于他們成為優(yōu)秀的談判者——在所有出生順序中，他們最擅長與權(quán)威人物和地位較低的人打交道。A.workingout解決；B.dependingon取決于；C.dealingwith處理；D.lookingafter照顧。根據(jù)上文“thismaycontributetothembecominggoodnegotiators”可知，中間出生的孩子必須學(xué)會與年長和年幼的孩子相處，這可能有助于他們成為優(yōu)秀的談判者——在所有出生順序中，他們最擅長與權(quán)威人物和地位較低的人打交道。故選C。31．D

32．C

33．B

34．A

35．C

36．B

37．B

38．A

39．C

40．A

41．D

42．C

43．A

44．B

45．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了咖啡越來越多地獲得科學(xué)家的認(rèn)可。研究持續(xù)表明，這種飲料可能對健康有一些有益的影響，但專家并不建議過多飲用咖啡，或提倡不喝咖啡的人開始引用咖啡。31．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：研究持續(xù)表明，這種飲料可能對健康有一些有益的影響。A.definite明確的；B.creative有創(chuàng)造性的；C.ideal理想的；D.beneficial有益處的。根據(jù)下文“coffeedrinkersmayenjoymorehealthbenefitsthanpeoplewhodon’tdrinkthebrew.”可知，喝咖啡的人可能比不喝咖啡的人享受更多的健康益處，所以說這種飲料可能對健康有一些有益的影響。故選D項(xiàng)。32．考查形容詞和副詞詞義辨析。句意：總體來說，喝咖啡者可能比不喝咖啡的人享受更多的健康益處。A.average平均的；B.total總計的；C.overall總的說來；D.besides另外。根據(jù)上文“researchersscannednearly220studiesoncoffee”可知，研究人員看了近220項(xiàng)關(guān)于咖啡的研究，所以從這些研究中得出了結(jié)論，用副詞overall(總的說來)對此結(jié)論進(jìn)行總結(jié)。故選C項(xiàng)。33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：科學(xué)家了解到，與不喝咖啡的人相比，喝咖啡的人過早死于任何原因的可能性低17%。A.possibility可能性；B.cause原因；C.reason理由；D.potential潛能。根據(jù)下文“19%lesslikelytodieofheartdiseaseand18%lesslikelytodevelopcancer,”可知，此處是指死亡的原因。故選B項(xiàng)。34．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，最大受益發(fā)生在每天喝大約三杯咖啡的人之中。A.occurred發(fā)生；B.operated操作；C.counted計算；D.awoke醒來。上文提到的數(shù)字“17%，19%和18%”都是說喝咖啡的人比不喝咖啡人所獲得的好處更多，所以此處繼續(xù)說明這種好處，即“最受益發(fā)生在每天喝大約三杯咖啡的人之中”。故選A項(xiàng)。35．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：其它研究也試圖找出咖啡中的哪些成分有助于健康。A.adapt適應(yīng)；B.apply申請；C.contribute有助于；D.donate捐贈。根據(jù)下文“Thosemightincludeitsantioxidants(抗氧化劑),whichcancombatcancer,andanti-inflammatory(抗炎的)compounds,whichcanreducethe6ofchronic(慢性的)diseasessuchasheartconditionsandevennervedisorderslikeAlzheimer’s,7thatofliverdiseases.”可知，咖啡中包含對抗癌癥的抗氧化劑，以及抗炎化合物，它們可以降低某些疾病的風(fēng)險，所以說“其它研究也試圖找出咖啡中的哪些成分有助于健康”。故選C項(xiàng)。36．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：其中可能包括可以對抗癌癥的抗氧化劑，以及抗炎化合物，它們可以降低心臟病等慢性疾病的風(fēng)險，甚至降低阿爾茨海默氏癥等神經(jīng)疾病以及肝病的風(fēng)險。A.result結(jié)果；B.risk風(fēng)險；C.remark評論；D.resistance抵抗。根據(jù)上文“Thosemightincludeitsantioxidants(抗氧化劑),whichcancombatcancer,andanti-inflammatory(抗炎的)compounds,”可知，咖啡中可能包括抗癌癥的抗氧化劑，以及抗炎化合物，這些物質(zhì)都是能降低患病風(fēng)險的。故選B項(xiàng)。37．考查介詞和連詞詞義辨析。句意：其中可能包括可以對抗癌癥的抗氧化劑，以及抗炎化合物，它們可以降低心臟病等慢性疾病的風(fēng)險，甚至降低阿爾茨海默氏癥等神經(jīng)疾病以及肝病的風(fēng)險。A.without沒有；B.aswellas和；C.apartat分開；D.exceptfor除了。此處“thethe6ofchronic(慢性的)diseasessuchasheartconditionsandevennervedisorderslikeAlzheimer’s”和“thatofliverdiseases”是并列關(guān)系，用aswellas(和)連接，作reduce的賓語，即它們可以降低心臟病等慢性疾病的風(fēng)險，甚至降低阿爾茨海默氏癥等神經(jīng)疾病以及肝病的風(fēng)險。故選B項(xiàng)。38．考查連詞和介詞詞義辨析和用法。句意：盡管研究結(jié)果支持適度飲用咖啡是一種相對健康的習(xí)慣，但是一些專家表示，研究結(jié)果還不足以促進(jìn)改變他們的喝咖啡的習(xí)慣，以期改善他們的健康。A.While盡管；B.Since因?yàn)?；C.Despite盡管；D.When當(dāng)……時候。根據(jù)句意可知，前后兩句話是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用連詞while(盡管)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；而despite(盡管)是介詞，不能引導(dǎo)狀語從句。故選A項(xiàng)。39．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管研究結(jié)果支持適度飲用咖啡是一種相對健康的習(xí)慣，但是一些專家表示，研究結(jié)果還不足以促進(jìn)改變他們的喝咖啡的習(xí)慣，以期改善他們的健康。A.prosper繁盛；B.preserve保護(hù)；C.promote促進(jìn)；D.protect保護(hù)。根據(jù)下文“inthehopesofimprovingtheirhealth.”可知，是帶著期待改善他們的健康的目的，所以這里應(yīng)該是討論“促進(jìn)改變他們的喝咖啡的習(xí)慣”的問題。故選C項(xiàng)。40．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，該研究并沒有證實(shí)，目前不喝咖啡的人應(yīng)該開始每天加一兩杯咖啡，以降低健康風(fēng)險。A.currently目前地；B.permanently永久地；C.accurately準(zhǔn)確地；D.objectively客觀地。根據(jù)下文“thatcurrentcoffeedrinkersshoulddrinkevenmorecoffee”可知提到“目前的咖啡飲用者”應(yīng)該喝更多的咖啡，所以此處應(yīng)該是對“目前不喝咖啡的人”的研究，也就是對目前喝咖啡的人和目前不喝咖啡的人進(jìn)行分類研究。故選A項(xiàng)。41．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些數(shù)據(jù)也不支持目前的咖啡飲用者應(yīng)該喝更多的咖啡，以提高他們可能獲得的任何好處的觀點(diǎn)。A.media媒體；B.instances例子；C.systems系統(tǒng)；D.data數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)上文“thatpeoplewhodonot10drinkcoffeeshouldstartaddingacuportwoadayinordertolowerhealthrisk.”可知，這些研究結(jié)果中已提到了喝咖啡的數(shù)量，所以這些研究結(jié)果中提到的的“喝咖啡的數(shù)量”等，也就是“這些數(shù)據(jù)”，它們不足以支持目前的咖啡飲用者應(yīng)該喝更多的咖啡。故選D項(xiàng)。42．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，唯一對健康的負(fù)面影響是女性，如果喝更多咖啡，她們出現(xiàn)骨骼裂縫的風(fēng)險略高。A.with和；B.along沿著；C.among在……中（三者或以上）；D.between在……中（兩者）。根據(jù)下文“whowereat