PAGE1-Unit4Globalwarming(老師用書(shū)獨(dú)具)WHATCANWEDOABOUTGLOBALWARMING?DearEarthCare，Iamdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming．SometimesIfeelthatindividualscanhavelittleeffecton①suchhugeenvironmentalproblems．However，Istillthinkpeopleshouldadvocateimprovementsinthewayweuseenergytoday．AsI'mnotsurewheretostartwith②myproject，Iwouldappreciateanysuggestionsyoumayhave．Thankyou!OuyangGuang關(guān)于全球變暖，我們能做些什么呢？敬愛(ài)的“關(guān)愛(ài)地球”組織：我正代表學(xué)校做一項(xiàng)關(guān)于全球變暖方面的課題探討。有時(shí)候我覺(jué)得，像這樣一個(gè)巨大的環(huán)境問(wèn)題，個(gè)人是起不了什么作用的。然而我仍認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)當(dāng)提倡改善日常能源的消耗方式。由于我還不清晰該從哪里著手起先我的探討，我希望能得到你們的建議。感謝！歐陽(yáng)光[助讀講解]①haveaneffecton對(duì)……有影響。②startwith以……起先。DearOuyangGuang，Therearemanypeoplewhohaveacommitmentlikeyours③，buttheydonotbelievetheyhavethepowertodoanythingtoimproveourenvironment．Thatisnottrue．Together，individualscanmakeadifference④．Wedonothavetoputupwithpollution．Thegrowthofthegreenhousegas，carbondioxideintheairactuallycomesasaresultofmanythingswedoeveryday．Hereareafewsuggestionsonhowtoreduceit．Theyshouldgetyoustartedwithyourproject．敬愛(ài)的歐陽(yáng)光：有很多人擔(dān)當(dāng)你這樣的義務(wù)，而他們不信任自己有實(shí)力來(lái)影響環(huán)境。這種想法是不正確的。眾人拾柴火焰高。我們不必去忍受污染?？諝庵械臏厥覛怏w，二氧化碳的增長(zhǎng)的確是來(lái)自我們很多的日?；顒?dòng)。這兒有幾條關(guān)于削減空氣中二氧化碳含量的建議。這些建議應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠促進(jìn)你的探討。[助讀講解]③who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾people。④makeadifference有影響。1．Weusealotofenergyinourhouses．ItisOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceon⑤solongasyouareusingit—ifnot，turnitoff⑥！Donotbecasualaboutthis．Soifyouarenotusingthelights，theTV，thecomputer，andsoon，turnthemoff．Ifyouarecold，putonmoreclothesinsteadofturningup⑦theheat．2．Motorvehiclesusealotofenergy—sowalkorrideabikeifyoucan．1．在室內(nèi)我們會(huì)用大量的能源。只要你在運(yùn)用電器設(shè)備，你便可以把它開(kāi)著。假如不用就把它關(guān)掉！不要對(duì)此疏忽大意。因此，你假如不用電燈、電視、電腦等時(shí)，要把它們關(guān)掉。假如你覺(jué)得冷了，就多穿點(diǎn)衣服，而不要把暖氣開(kāi)大。2．機(jī)動(dòng)車要用大量的能源。因此，只要有可能，你就步行或騎自行車吧。[助讀講解]⑤leave．．．on讓……開(kāi)著。⑥turnoff關(guān)掉。⑦turnup調(diào)高，調(diào)大，出現(xiàn)，露面。3．Recyclecans，bottles，plasticbagsandnewspapersifcircumstancesallowyouto⑧．Ittakesalotofenergytomakethingsfromnewmaterials，so，ifyoucan，buythingsmadefromrecycledmaterials．4．Getyourparentstobuythingsthatareeconomicalwith⑨energy—thisincludescarsaswellassmallerthingslikefridgesandmicrowaves．3．假如狀況允許的話，把罐頭盒、瓶子、塑料袋和報(bào)紙回收利用起來(lái)。用新材料來(lái)做這些東西要消耗大量的能源，因此，只要有可能，就買那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。4．勸你的父母去買那些節(jié)約能源的產(chǎn)品，包括汽車和像冰箱、微波爐之類的小件物品。[助讀講解]⑧to后省略了recyclethem。⑨beeconomicalwith對(duì)……節(jié)約5．Planttreesinyourgardenoryourschoolyard，astheyabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheairandrefreshyourspiritwhenyoulookatthemB10．6．Finallyandmostimportantly，beaneducator．Talkwithyourfamilyandfriendsaboutglobalwarmingandtellthemwhatyouhavelearned．Remember—yourcontributioncounts?！EarthCare5．在你的花園或校內(nèi)里栽種樹(shù)木，它們能汲取空氣中的二氧化碳，還能在你欣賞的時(shí)候使你感覺(jué)清爽。6．最終，也是最重要的是，做一個(gè)教化者。同你的家人和摯友談一談全球變暖的問(wèn)題，并把你學(xué)到的東西告知他們。記住，你的貢獻(xiàn)是很有價(jià)值的?！瓣P(guān)愛(ài)地球”組織[助讀講解]⑩as引導(dǎo)緣由狀語(yǔ)從句。?countvi．起作用，有價(jià)值，有意義。第一步速讀——了解文章主題和段落大意速讀P30教材課文，選擇最佳答案What'sthemainideaofthetwoletters?A．Someorganizationsshoulddosomethingaboutglobalwarming．B．Suggestionsonwhattodoaboutglobalwarming．C．Individualsneedn'tdoanythingaboutglobalwarming．D．Governmentsshouldtakemeasuresaboutglobalwarming．[答案]B其次步細(xì)讀——把控文章關(guān)鍵信息細(xì)讀P30教材課文，選擇最佳答案1．WhatcanwedoaboutglobalwarminginourhouseaccordingtoEarthCare?A．Donotuseanyelectricalappliance．B．NeverwatchTV．C．Trytosaveasmuchelectricityaspossible．D．Rideabikeinsteadofusingacar．2．AccordingtoEarthCare，afterdrinkingacola，weshould．A．throwthecanawayB．buyanotheroneC．ignoreitandgoonworkingD．keepthecanforrecycling3．Whichofthefollowingcan'twedotoprotecttheenvironment?A．Persuadeourparentstobuyenergy-savingproducts．B．Informtheknowledgeofglobalwarmingtoothersaroundus．C．Plantasmanytreesaswecanandsaveasmuchwateraspossible．D．Keepthecomputeronallthetimeevenifwedon'tusethem．4．FromthefirstletterwecaninferthatOuyangGuangismostprobablya．A．schoolteacher B．schoolboyC．youngparent D．newspaperboy[答案]1－4CDDB第三步研讀——實(shí)力升華接軌高考依據(jù)P30教材課文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Iamdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming．SometimesIfeelthat1．individuals(individual)cannothaveanyeffect2．onsuchhugeenvironmentalproblems．Anyway，I'mnotsurewhere3．tostart(start)itwithmyproject．SoIwouldlovetogetany4．suggestions(suggestion)．Itissuggestedthatwetakemanymeasures．Forexample，wecanbuythings5．made(make)fromrecycledmaterials．6．Planting(plant)treesisalsoagoodway．7．Importantly(important)，wecanask8．our(us)familyandfriendstowork9．togetherwithus．Wecangetourparentstobuyproducts10．thataremadetosaveenergy．Remember—ourcontributioncounts．Ⅰ．單詞拼法依據(jù)漢語(yǔ)或首字母提示，寫(xiě)出下列單詞1．Hewasdismissedlastmonthbecauseofhiscasual(隨意的)attitudetowardshisjob．2．Whateverourcircumstances(狀況)are，wegenerallystillhavedreams，hopesanddesires．3．Ourgovernmentadvocates(提倡)theuseofenergy-savinglights．4．Theaverageageoftheboysinthisclassisfifteen．5．Couldyoutellmehowandwhentheuniversecameintoexistence?6．Thereisawidespreaddissatisfactionamongthestudentswiththefoodoncampus．Ⅱ．拓展詞匯依據(jù)詞性和漢語(yǔ)提示，寫(xiě)出下列單詞1．contributevt．貢獻(xiàn)；投稿；捐獻(xiàn)→contributionn．貢獻(xiàn)2．commitvt．犯(罪/錯(cuò))；承諾；保證；交托→commitmentn．承諾；交托；信奉3．presentvt．提出；贈(zèng)送；呈現(xiàn)n．禮物；現(xiàn)在adj．出席的；現(xiàn)在的；存在的→presentationn．顯示；演出Ⅲ．補(bǔ)全短語(yǔ)依據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全下列短語(yǔ)1．insteadof 代替2．cutdown 削減；削減3．putupwith 容忍4．a(chǎn)ndsoon 等等5．onbehalfof 代表6．onthewhole 大體上；基本上7．makeadifference 有影響8．havelittleeffecton 對(duì)……沒(méi)有多大影響Ⅳ．選詞填空選用上述短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Thisshopsellsclothes，shoes，hatsandsoon．2．ThenoiseissoloudthatIcan'tputupwithit．3．Onbehalfoftheclass，Iwouldliketothankyouall．4．Onthewholethebossisinfavorofthescheme，buthethinksimprovementsneedtobemadeinmanyaspects．背教材原句記句式結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫(xiě)促落實(shí)1．AsI'mnotsurewheretostartwithmyproject，Iwouldappreciateanysuggestionsyoumayhave．由于我還不清晰該從哪里著手起先我的探討，我希望能得到你們的建議。疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet．什么時(shí)候?qū)嵭袝?huì)議還沒(méi)有確定。2．ItisOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceonsolongasyouareusingit—ifnot，turnitoff！只要你在運(yùn)用電器設(shè)備，你便可以把它開(kāi)著。假如不用就把它關(guān)掉！so/aslongas“只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句Youcangoout，as/solongasyoupromisetobebackbefore11o'clock．你可以出去，只要你答應(yīng)在11點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)。3．Ittakesalotofenergytomakethingsfromnewmaterials，so，ifyoucan，buythingsmadefromrecycledmaterials．用新材料來(lái)做這些東西要消耗大量的能源，因此，只要有可能，就買那些用可回收材料制成的物品吧。Ittakessth．todo．．．“做某事須要……”Believeitornot，ittakesgreatcouragetotellthetruth．信不信由你，說(shuō)實(shí)話須要很大的志氣。onthewhole大體上；基本上(教材P28)Onthewholethewarmingoftheearthisaphenomenonthatcausesgreatconcern．總的來(lái)說(shuō)，地球變暖是一種引起廣泛關(guān)注的現(xiàn)象。(1)asawhole 作為一個(gè)整體；總體上(2)ingeneral 大體上；總的來(lái)說(shuō)generallyspeaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō)①Ouropinionsareonthewholethesame．我們的看法基本上是一樣的。②Wemustconsiderthesemattersasawhole．我們必需從整體上考慮這些問(wèn)題。③Ingeneral，ourcarsarereliableandbreakdownsarerare．總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我們的汽車很牢靠，發(fā)生故障的可能性很小。averageadj．平均的；普遍的；一般的n．平均數(shù)(教材P29)Thegreenhouseeffectgivestheearth'ssurfacetheaveragetemperatureof15℃．溫室效應(yīng)使得地球表面的平均溫度是15攝氏度。(1)on(the)average 平均來(lái)看above(the)average 高于平均水平below(the)average 低于平均水平(2)anaverageof．．． 平均有……(后跟數(shù)詞)theaverageof．．． ……的平均數(shù)①Onaverage，boyslikeplayingfootballbetterthangirls．一般來(lái)說(shuō)，男孩比女孩更喜愛(ài)踢足球。②Heisworkinghardandhisgradeisabovetheaverageinhisclass．他學(xué)習(xí)刻苦，成果高于班里平均水平。③Theaverageof3，8and10is(be)7．3，8，10的平均數(shù)為7。④Anaverageoftenstudentshaven'tpassedtheexamineachclass．每個(gè)班平均有10名學(xué)生未通過(guò)考試。[名師點(diǎn)津]“theaverageof．．．”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；而“anaverageof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。onbehalfof代表……一方；作為……的代言人(教材P30)Iamdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming．我正代表學(xué)校做一項(xiàng)關(guān)于全球變暖方面的課題探討。onbehalfofsb．＝onsb．'sbehalf 代表；象征；表示standfor (字母、數(shù)字、符號(hào)等)代表；象征representv． 代表；象征；表示①OnceItookpartinanationalhostessspeakingcontestonbehalfofourschoolandwonthefirstplace．＝OnceIrepresentedourschooltotakepartinanationalhostessspeakingcontestandwonthefirstplace．曾經(jīng)，我代表我們學(xué)校參與全國(guó)女主持人演講競(jìng)賽，并且獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。②Myhusbandcouldnotbeheretonight，butIwanttothankyouonbehalfofhim(he)．＝Myhusbandcouldnotbeheretonight，butIwanttothankyouonhis(he)behalf．我丈夫今晚因故不能前來(lái)，我謹(jǐn)代表他向你們致謝。③Whatdothelettersontheflagstandfor?這面旗上的字母代表什么？advocatevt．擁護(hù)；提倡；主見(jiàn)；主持(教材P30)However，Istillthinkpeopleshouldadvocateimprovementsinthewayweuseenergytoday．然而我仍認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)當(dāng)提倡改善日常能源的消耗方式。(1)advocatedoingsth． 主見(jiàn)/提倡做某事advocate＋賓語(yǔ)從句(從句謂語(yǔ)用should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略)提倡……(2)advocaten． 擁護(hù)者；提倡者anadvocatefor/of ……的支持/擁護(hù)者①Weadvocategivingupsmokinginordertokeepfit．為了保持健康，我們提倡戒煙。②Peopleadvocatethatsomething(should)bedone(do)toprotecttheenvironment．＝Peopleadvocatedoing(do)somethingtoprotecttheenvironment．人們提倡實(shí)行措施以愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境。putupwith忍受；容忍；忍耐(教材P30)Wedonothavetoputupwithpollution．我們不必去忍受污染。putup 張貼；掛起；留宿putforward 提出建議；把……向前撥putoff 推遲；延期puton 穿上；戴上；演出putout 熄滅；撲滅；生產(chǎn)putaside 存儲(chǔ)；把……放到一邊putaway 收好；放好；儲(chǔ)存①Hehadputupabasketonapoleinthebackyard．他在后院一根柱子上安裝了一個(gè)球籃。②Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday．今日事，今日畢。③Heputforwardaplanforthecommitteetoconsider．他提出一項(xiàng)安排交由委員會(huì)審議。④Icanputupwiththehousebeinguntidy，butIhateitifit'snotclean．我能忍受房子整理得不整齊，但我不喜愛(ài)它不干凈。[名師點(diǎn)津]表示“容忍，忍受”的詞語(yǔ)還有：stand，tolerate，bear等。circumstancen．環(huán)境；狀況(通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式)(教材P30)Recyclecans，bottles，plasticbagsandnewspapersifcircumstancesallowyouto．假如狀況允許的話，把罐頭盒、瓶子、塑料袋和報(bào)紙回收利用起來(lái)。in/underthecircumstances 在這種狀況下in/undernocircumstances 決不；無(wú)論如何都不(置于句首時(shí)， 句子要用部分倒裝)①In/Underthecircumstances，wemustrelyonourselves．在這樣的狀況下我們必需依靠自己。②Youmustleaveyourpositionunder/innocircumstances．＝Under/Innocircumstancesmustyouleaveyourposition．你絕不能離開(kāi)你的職位。③Wecan'ttakemeasuresuntilwe'reknownallthecircumstances．直到弄清了全部的狀況，我們才能實(shí)行措施。[名師點(diǎn)津]“決不”掉以輕心以下短語(yǔ)均意為“決不；無(wú)論如何也不”，置于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。atnotime，innoway，innosense，onnoaccount，onnocondition(教材P30)AsI'mnotsurewheretostartwithmyproject，Iwouldappreciateanysuggestionsyoumayhave．由于我還不清晰該從哪里著手起先我的探討，我希望能得到你們的建議?！疽c(diǎn)提煉】本句為“疑問(wèn)副詞where＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)疑問(wèn)代詞who，what，which等和疑問(wèn)副詞when，where，how等后面跟不定式，構(gòu)成“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等。(2)“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于對(duì)應(yīng)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。①Whenandwheretoholdthemeetinghasn'tbeendecidedsofar．在什么時(shí)間什么地點(diǎn)實(shí)行會(huì)議到現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有確定下來(lái)。(作主語(yǔ))②Hestoodstill，notknowingwhattodonext．他靜靜地站在那兒，不知道下一步做什么。③Shewasstandingthereandwonderedwheretogo．＝Shewasstandingthereandwonderedwhereshewouldgo．她站在那里不知道到哪里去。(教材P30)ItisOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceonsolongasyouareusingit—ifnot，turnitoff!只要你在運(yùn)用電器設(shè)備，你便可以把它開(kāi)著。假如不用就把它關(guān)掉！(1)【要點(diǎn)提煉】solongas意思是“只要”，相當(dāng)于aslongas，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。solongas＝aslongas 只要onconditionthat 只要providing/provided(that) 假如；只要supposing/suppose(that) 假如；只要①Youmayborrowmybookso/aslongasyoukeepitclean．只要你保持書(shū)面干凈，你就可以把我的書(shū)借走。②Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend．＝Theyagreedtolendusthecaras/solongaswereturneditbeforetheweekend．他們同意借車給我們，條件是周末以前歸還。(2)【要點(diǎn)提煉】句中ifnot是ifyouarenotusingit的省略形式，表示否定意義。ifnot 假如不這樣的話；不然，表示否定意義ifso 假如這樣的話，表示確定意義ifany 假如有的話ifever 假如有過(guò)或發(fā)生過(guò)的話ifnecessary/possible 假如有必要/可能③Ithinkthere'sabullettrainatmidday．Ifnot，youwillhavetowaittill2o'clockintheafternoon．我想正午會(huì)有一輛動(dòng)車。要是沒(méi)有的話，你只好等到下午2點(diǎn)了。④Areyouready?Ifso，let'ssetoffatonce．你打算好了嗎？假如打算好了，我們立即動(dòng)身。⑤Shewantstogowithus，ifpossible．可能的話，她想跟我們一起去。⑥Washitinwater，pickoutthesmallparticles，ifany．用清水沖洗它，假如有的話，把小部件揀出來(lái)。Ⅰ．單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Headvocatedbanning(ban)carsinthecitycentreatthemeeting．2．Under/Inthecircumstances(circumstance)hefeltunabletoacceptthejob．3．Ittookmealotoftimetofinish(finish)thework．4．We'vehadafewdisagreements(agree)，butwe'restillgoodfriends．5．Itisn'teasytoput(put)upwithpeoplewhoareimpolite．6．Aslongasthereislife，thereishope．7．Onthewhole，therearetworeasonsformydecision．8．Onbehalfofeveryonehere，Iwishyouapleasantjourneybacktoyourcountry．9．Facedwiththedifficultsituation，heisatalosswhattodo(do)next．10．Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwiththecar．Ifso，we'dbetterhaveitrepaired．Ⅱ．概要寫(xiě)作閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Whenastudentcutsclass，failstoprepareforclassordohomework，orisunabletoanswerevensimplequestionsaboutthetopicbeingstudiedinclass，itisclearthatthestudentisnotlearningwell，andteachersmaywonderwhy．Oneofthecausesmightbelanguageanxiety．Languageanxietyisafearoccurringwhenalearnerisexpectedtoperformintheforeignlanguage．Thatis，whenastudentisaskedtoperforminthetargetlanguageinclass，heislikelytobecomenervousandfailtodoit．Thegoodnewsisthatsofarsomeresearchhassuggestedlanguageanxietycanmakestudentsfocused，getgoodgradesandbuilduphighself-confidence．Despite(盡管)thesebenefits，mostresearchhasalsoshownanegative(負(fù)面的)relationshipbetweenlanguageanxietyandperformance．Thenegativekindofanxietyharmslearners'performanceinmanyways．Astimegoesby，theywilldoubtthemselves，refusetojoinindiscussionsandtrytoavoidusingthelanguage．Teachersandresearchersmightsometimesbeabletojudge